/[gxemul]/upstream/0.4.6/doc/intro.html

This is repository of my old source code which isn't updated any more. Go to git.rot13.org for current projects!

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-revision 12 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:18:38 2007 UTC
+revision 42 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:22:32 2007 UTC
 Line 4
  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
- <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b></font>
+ <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Introduction</b>
  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
  <!--
- $Id: intro.html,v 1.61 2005/08/16 05:15:24 debug Exp $
+ $Id: intro.html,v 1.118 2007/06/15 21:43:09 debug Exp $
- Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
+ Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 Line 45 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
  <h2>Introduction</h2>
  <p>
+ <table border="0" width="99%"><tr><td valign="top" align="left">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
    <li><a href="#free">Is GXemul Free software?</a>
    <li><a href="#build">How to compile/build the emulator</a>
    <li><a href="#run">How to run the emulator</a>
-   <li><a href="#cpus">Which CPU types does GXemul emulate?</a>
+   <li><a href="#cpus">Which processor architectures does GXemul emulate?</a>
+   <li><a href="#hosts">Which host architectures/platforms are supported?</a>
    <li><a href="#accuracy">Emulation accuracy</a>
    <li><a href="#emulmodes">Which machines does GXemul emulate?</a>
-   <li><a href="#guestos">Which guest OSes are possible to run in GXemul?</a>
  </ul>
+ </td><td valign="center" align="center">
+ <a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
+ <p>NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2 with X11<br>running in GXemul</td></tr></table>
-Line 64 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
+Line 67 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
  <a name="overview"></a>
  <h3>Overview:</h3>
- GXemul is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. It can be
+ GXemul is an experimental <a href="#accuracy">instruction-level</a>
- used to run binary code for MIPS-based machines, regardless of host
+ machine emulator. Several emulation modes are available. In some modes,
- platform. Several emulation modes are available. For some modes,
+ processors and surrounding hardware components are emulated well enough to
- processors and surrounding hardware components are emulated well enough to
+ let <a href="#emulmodes">unmodified operating systems (e.g. NetBSD)
- let unmodified operating systems run as if they were running on a real
+ run</a> as if they were running on a real machine.
- machine.
+ <p>The emulator is written in C, does not depend on third-party libraries,
- <p>(Non-MIPS emulation modes are also under development, but so far none
+ and should compile and run on most 64-bit and 32-bit Unix-like systems,
- of those modes has reached the completeness required to run unmodified
+ with few or no modifications.
- operating systems.)
+ <p>Devices and processors are not simulated with 100% accuracy. They are
- <p>Devices and CPUs are not simulated with 100% accuracy. They are only
+ only ``faked'' well enough to allow guest operating systems to run without
- ``faked'' well enough to make operating systems (e.g. NetBSD) run without
+ complaining too much. Still, the emulator could be of interest for
- complaining too much. Still, the emulator could be of interest for
+ academic research and experiments, such as when learning how to write
- academic research and experiments, such as when learning how to write
  operating system code.
- <p>The emulator is written in C, does not depend on external libraries
- (except X11, but that is optional), and should compile and run on most
- Unix-like systems. If it doesn't, then that is a bug.
  <p>The emulator contains code which tries to emulate the workings of CPUs
  and surrounding hardware found in real machines, but it does not contain
  any ROM code. You will need some form of program (in binary form) to run
- in the emulator. For many emulation modes, PROM calls are handled by the
+ in the emulator. For some emulation modes, PROM calls are handled by the
  emulator itself, so you do not need to use any ROM image at all.
- <p>You can use pre-compiled kernels (for example NetBSD kernels, or
+ <p>You can use pre-compiled kernels (for example <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>
- Linux), or other programs that are in binary format, and in some cases
+ kernels, or Linux), or other programs that are in binary format, and in some cases
- even actual ROM images. A couple of different file formats are supported
+ even actual ROM images. A couple of different file formats are supported:
- (ELF, a.out, ECOFF, SREC, and raw binaries).
+ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format">ELF</a>,
+ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.out">a.out</a>,
+ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COFF">COFF</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECOFF">ECOFF</a>,
+ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SREC_%28file_format%29">SREC</a>, and raw binaries.
  <p>If you do not have a kernel as a separate file, but you have a bootable
  disk image, then it is sometimes possible to boot directly from that
- image. (This works for example with DECstation emulation, or when booting
+ image. This works for example with DECstation emulation, <a href="dreamcast.html">Dreamcast
- from ISO9660 CDROM images.)
+ emulation</a>, or when booting from generic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO9660">ISO9660</a>
+ CDROM images if the kernel is included in the image as a plain file.
+ <p>Thanks to (in no specific order) Joachim Buss, Olivier Houchard, Juli
+ Mallett, Juan Romero Pardines, Carl van Schaik, Miod Vallat, Alec Voropay,
+ G�ran Weinholt, Alexander Yurchenko, and everyone else who has provided me
+ with feedback.
-Line 136 
 without source code. You need to check a
+Line 142 
 without source code. You need to check a
  The "easiest way out" if you plan to redistribute code from GXemul is, of
  course, to let it remain open source and simply supply the source code.
- <p>(If a stable release of GXemul is packaged into binary form, and it is
+ <p>In case you want to reuse parts of GXemul, but you need to do that
- obvious which version of GXemul was used to build the package, then it can
+ under a different license (e.g. the GPL), then contact me and I might
- be argued that the source code is available, just not in that specific
+ re-license/dual-license files on a case-by-case basis.
- package. Common sense should be used in this case, and not pedanticism.)
-Line 157 
 Uncompress the .tar.gz distribution file
+Line 160 
 Uncompress the .tar.gz distribution file
          $ <b>make</b>
  </pre>
- <p>This should work on most Unix-like systems. If it doesn't, then
+ <p>This should work on most Unix-like systems. GXemul does not require any
- mail me a bug report.
+ specific libraries to build, however, if you build on a system which does
+ not have X11 libraries installed, some functionality will be lost.
  <p>The emulator's performance is highly dependent on both runtime settings
- and on compiler settings, so you might want to experiment with different
+ and on compiler settings, so you might want to experiment with
- CC and CFLAGS environment variable values. For example, on a modern PC,
+ using different CC and CFLAGS environment variable values when running the
- you could try the following:
+ <tt>configure</tt> script.
- <p><pre>
-         $ <b>CFLAGS="-mcpu=pentium4 -O3" ./configure</b>
+ <p>Note that there is no <tt>make install</tt> functionality; package
-         $ <b>make</b>
+ maintainers for individual operating systems solve this for their
- </pre>
+ corresponding OSes.
-Line 184 
 Running <tt><b>gxemul</b></tt> without a
+Line 188 
 Running <tt><b>gxemul</b></tt> without a
  <b><tt>-h</tt></b> or <b><tt>-H</tt></b> command line options) will
  display a help message.
- <p>
+ <p>To get some ideas about what is possible to run in the emulator, please
- To get some ideas about what is possible to run in the emulator, please
  read the section about <a href="guestoses.html">installing "guest"
- operating systems</a>. If you are interested in using the emulator to
+ operating systems</a>. The most straight forward guest operating to
- develop code on your own, then you should also read the section about
+ install is NetBSD/pmax; the instructions provided <a
- <a href="experiments.html#hello">Hello World</a>.
+ href="guestoses.html#netbsdpmaxinstall">here</a> should let you install
+ NetBSD/pmax in a way very similar to how it is done on a real DECstation.
+ <p>If you are interested in using the emulator to develop code on your
+ own, then you should also read the section about <a
+ href="experiments.html#hello">Hello World</a>.
- <p>
+ <p>To exit the emulator, type CTRL-C to enter the
- To exit the emulator, type CTRL-C to enter the
  single-step debugger, and then type <tt><b>quit</b></tt>.
- <p>
+ <p>If you are starting an emulation by entering settings directly on the
- If you are starting an emulation by entering settings directly on the
+ command line, and you are not using the <tt><b>-x</b></tt> option, then
- command line, and you are not using the <tt><b>-x</b></tt> option, then all
+ all terminal input and output will go to the main controlling terminal.
- terminal input and output will go to the main controlling terminal.
  CTRL-C is used to break into the debugger, so in order to send CTRL-C to
- the running (emulated) program, you may use CTRL-B.
+ the running (emulated) program, you may use CTRL-B. (This should be a
- (This should be a reasonable compromise to allow the emulator to be usable
+ reasonable compromise to allow the emulator to be usable even on systems
- even on systems without X Windows.)
+ without X Windows.)
- <p>
+ <p>There is no way to send an actual CTRL-B to the emulated program, when
- There is no way to send an actual CTRL-B to the emulated program, when
+ typing in the main controlling terminal window. The solution is to either
- typing in the main controlling terminal window. The solution is to either
+ use <a href="configfiles.html">configuration files</a>, or use
- use <a href="configfiles.html">configuration files</a>, or use
  <tt><b>-x</b></tt>. Both these solutions cause new xterms to be opened for
  each emulated serial port that is written to. CTRL-B and CTRL-C both have
  their original meaning in those xterm windows.
-Line 218 
 their original meaning in those xterm wi
+Line 223 
 their original meaning in those xterm wi
  <p><br>
  <a name="cpus"></a>
- <h3>Which CPU types does GXemul emulate?</h3>
+ <h3>Which processor architectures does GXemul emulate?</h3>
- <h4>MIPS:</h4>
+ The architectures that are emulated well enough to let at least one
+ guest operating system run (per architecture) are ARM, MIPS, PowerPC,
+ and SuperH.
+ <p>Please read the page about <a href="guestoses.html">guest operating
+ systems</a> for more information about the machines and operating systems
+ that can be considered "working" in the emulator. (There is some code in
+ GXemul for emulation of other architectures, but they are not stable or
+ complete enough to be listed among the "working" architectures.)
- Emulation of R4000, which is a 64-bit CPU, was my initial goal.
- R2000/R3000-like CPUs (32-bit), R1x000, and generic MIPS32/MIPS64-style
- CPUs are also emulated, and are hopefully almost as stable as the R4000
- emulation.
- <p>I have written an experimental dynamic binary translation subsystem.
- This gives higher total performance than interpreting one instruction at a
- time and executing it. (If you wish to disable bintrans, add <b>-B</b> to
- the command line.)
- <h4>Other CPU types:</h4>
- Some other CPU architectures can also be partially emulated. These are not
- working well enough yet to run guest operating systems.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="hosts"></a>
+ <h3>Which host architectures/platforms are supported?</h3>
+ GXemul should compile and run on any modern host architecture (64-bit or
+-bit word-length). I generally test it on FreeBSD/amd64 6.x,
+ FreeBSD/alpha 4.x, sometimes also on Linux (various platforms), and every
+ now and then also on NetBSD inside the emulator itself (various platforms).
+ <p>Note 1: The <a href="translation.html">dynamic translation</a> engine
+ does <i>not</i> require backends for native code generation to be written
+ for each individual host architecture; the intermediate representation
+ that the dyntrans system uses can be executed on any host architecture.
+ <p>Note 2: Although GXemul may build and run on non-Unix-like platforms,
+ such as Cygwin, Unix-like systems are the primary platform. Some
+ functionality may be lost when running on Cygwin.
-Line 248 
 working well enough yet to run guest ope
+Line 270 
 working well enough yet to run guest ope
  <h3>Emulation accuracy:</h3>
  GXemul is an instruction-level emulator; things that would happen in
- several steps within a real CPU are not taken into account (eg. pipe-line
+ several steps within a real CPU are not taken into account (e.g. pipe-line
  stalls or out-of-order execution). Still, instruction-level accuracy seems
  to be enough to be able to run complete guest operating systems inside the
  emulator.
- <p>Caches are by default not emulated. In some cases, the existance of
+ <p>The existance of instruction and data caches is "faked" to let
- caches is "faked" to let operating systems think that they are there.
+ operating systems think that they are there, but for all practical
- (There is some old code for R2000/R3000 caches, but it has probably
+ purposes, these caches are non-working.
- suffered from bitrot by now.)
+ <p>The emulator is in general <i>not</i> timing-accurate, neither at the
- <p>The emulator is <i>not</i> timing-accurate. It can be run in a
+ instruction level nor on any higher level. An attempt is made to let
- "deterministic" mode, <tt><b>-D</b></tt>. The meaning of deterministic is
+ emulated clocks run at the same speed as the host (i.e. an emulated timer
- simply that running two emulations with the same settings will result in
+ running at 100 Hz will interrupt around 100 times per real second), but
- identical runs. Obviously, this requires that no user interaction is
+ since the host speed may vary, e.g. because of other running processes,
- taking place, and that clock speeds are fixed with the <tt><b>-I</b></tt>
+ there is no guarantee as to how many instructions will be executed in
- option. (Deterministic in this case does <i>not</i> mean that the
+ each of these 100 Hz cycles.
- emulation will be identical to some actual real-world machine.)
+ <p>If the host is very slow, the emulated clocks might even lag behind
+ the real-world clock.
-Line 279 
 are emulated well enough to run at least
+Line 304 
 are emulated well enough to run at least
  <p>
  <ul>
-   <li><b>DECstation 5000/200</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;("3max")
+   <li><b><u>ARM</u></b>
-         <br>Serial controller (including keyboard and mouse), ethernet,
+   <ul>
-         SCSI, and graphical framebuffers.
+     <li><b>CATS</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdcatsinstall">NetBSD/cats</a>,
-   <p>
+         <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdcatsinstall">OpenBSD/cats</a>)
-   <li><b>Acer Pica-61</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;(an ARC machine)
+     <li><b>IQ80321</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdevbarminstall">NetBSD/evbarm</a>)
-         <br>Serial controller, "VGA" text console, and SCSI.
+     <li><b>NetWinder</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdnetwinderinstall">NetBSD/netwinder</a>)
-   <p>
+   </ul>
-   <li><b>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, and 880</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;(HPCmips machines)
-         <br>Framebuffer, keyboard, and a PCMCIA IDE controller.
    <p>
-   <li><b>Cobalt</b>
+   <li><b><u>MIPS</u></b>
-         <br>Serial controller and PCI IDE.
+   <ul>
+     <li><b>DECstation 5000/200</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a>,
+         <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdpmaxinstall">OpenBSD/pmax</a>,
+         <a href="guestoses.html#ultrixinstall">Ultrix</a>,
+         <a href="guestoses.html#declinux">Linux/DECstation</a>,
+         <a href="guestoses.html#sprite">Sprite</a>)
+     <li><b>Acer Pica-61</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc</a>)
+     <li><b>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, 880</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>)
+     <li><b>Cobalt</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt</a>)
+     <li><b>Malta</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>, Linux/Malta <font color="#0000e0">(<super>*1</super>)</font>)
+     <li><b>Algorithmics P5064</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdalgorinstall">NetBSD/algor</a>)
+     <li><b>SGI O2 (aka IP32)</b> <font color="#0000e0">(<super>*2</super>)</font>
+         (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgi</a>)
+   </ul>
    <p>
-   <li><b>Malta (evbmips)</b>
+   <li><b><u>PowerPC</u></b>
-         <br>Serial controller and PCI IDE.
+   <ul>
+     <li><b>IBM 6050/6070 (PReP, PowerPC Reference Platform)</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdprepinstall">NetBSD/prep</a>)
+     <li><b>MacPPC (generic "G4" Macintosh)</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdmacppcinstall">NetBSD/macppc</a>)
+     <li><b>Artesyn PM/PPC</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdpmppc">NetBSD/pmppc</a>)
+   </ul>
    <p>
-   <li><b>SGI O2 ("IP32")</b>
+   <li><b><u>SuperH</u></b>
-         <br>Serial controller and ethernet.&nbsp;&nbsp;<small>(Enough for
+   <ul>
-         root-on-nfs, but not for disk boot.)</small>
+     <li><b>Sega Dreamcast</b> (<a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">NetBSD/dreamcast</a>, <a href="dreamcast.html#linux_live_cd">Linux/dreamcast</a>)
+     <li><b>Landisk I-O DATA USL-5P</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#openbsdlandiskinstall">OpenBSD/landisk</a>)
+   </ul>
  </ul>
- <p>There is code in GXemul for emulation of many other machine types; the
+ <p>
+ <small><font color="#0000e0">(<super>*1</super>)</font> =
+ Linux/Malta may be run as a guest OS, however I have not yet found any stable
+ URL to pre-compiled Linux/Malta kernels. Thus, Linux/Malta emulation is not
+ tested for every release of the emulator; sometimes it works, sometimes
+ it doesn't.</small>
+ <br><small><font color="#0000e0">(<super>*2</super>)</font> =
+ SGI O2 emulation is enough for root-on-nfs, but not for disk boot.</small>
+ <p>Note that of all of the machines above, none of them is emulated to
+%. The most complete emulation mode is probably the DECstation
+/200. Things that will most likely <b>not</b> work include running
+ raw PROM images for most machines, SGI IRIX, MacOS X or Darwin, Windows
+ NT, or Dreamcast games.
+ <p>There is code in GXemul for emulation of several other machine types; the
  degree to which these work range from almost being able to run a complete
- OS, to almost completely unsupported (perhaps just enough support to
+ OS, to almost completely unsupported, perhaps just enough support to
- output a few boot messages via serial console).
+ output a few boot messages via serial console. (See the end of
+ <a href="guestoses.html#generalnotes">this section</a> on the Guest OSes
+ page for some examples, but remember that these do not necessarily work.)
  <p>In addition to emulating real machines, there is also a "test-machine".
  A test-machine consists of one or more CPUs and a few experimental devices
-Line 314 
 such as:
+Line 374 
 such as:
    <li>a console I/O device (putchar() and getchar()...)
    <li>an inter-processor communication device, for SMP experiments
    <li>a very simple linear framebuffer device (for graphics output)
-   <li>a simple SCSI disk controller
+   <li>a simple disk controller
    <li>a simple ethernet controller
+   <li>a real-time clock device
  </ul>
  <p>This mode is useful if you wish to run experimental code, but do not
-Line 330 
 href="experiments.html#expdevices">here<
+Line 391 
 href="experiments.html#expdevices">here<
- <p><br>
- <a name="guestos"></a>
- <h3>Which guest OSes are possible to run in GXemul?</h3>
- This table lists the guest OSes that run well enough to be considered
- working in the emulator. They can boot from a harddisk image and be
- interacted with similar to a real machine.
- <p>
- <center><table border="0">
-         <tr>
-           <td width="10"></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a></td>
-           <td width="15"></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>
-                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
-           <td width="30"></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td>
-           <td width="15"></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
-                 <br>Acer Pica-61</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
-         <tr>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a>
-                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">OpenBSD/arc</a>
-                 <br>Acer Pica-61</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
-         <tr>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td>Ultrix/RISC<br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian&nbsp;GNU/Linux</a>&nbsp;<super>*</super>
-                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
-         <tr>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">Sprite</a>
-                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td>Redhat&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<super>*</super>
-                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
-         <tr>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2_small.png"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>
-                 <br>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, 880</td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a>
-                 <br>Cobalt</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
-         <tr>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot.png"><img src="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot_small.png"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
-                 <br>SGI O2 ("IP32")</td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td align="center"><a href="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta.png"><img src="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta_small.png"></a></td>
-           <td></td>
-           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a>
-                 <br>5Kc (and 4Kc) Malta<br>evaluation boards</td>
-           <td></td>
-         </tr>
- </table></center>
- <p><br>
- <super>*</super> Although Linux runs under DECstation emulation, the
- default 2.4.27 kernel in Debian GNU/Linux does not support keyboards on
- the 5000/200 (the specific DECstation model being emulated), so when the
- login prompt is reached you cannot interact with the system. Kaj-Michael
- Lang has compiled and made available a newer kernel from the current
- mips-linux development tree. You can find it here: <a
- href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a
- href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
- This newer kernel supports keyboard input, but it does not have Debian's
- ethernet patches, so you will not be able to use keyboard/framebuffer
- <i>and</i> networking at the same time.
  </body>
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