/[gxemul]/upstream/0.3.5/man/gxemul.1
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trunk/man/gxemul.1 revision 4 by dpavlin, Mon Oct 8 16:18:00 2007 UTC upstream/0.3.5/man/gxemul.1 revision 13 by dpavlin, Mon Oct 8 16:18:43 2007 UTC
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1  .\" $Id: gxemul.1,v 1.14 2005/04/16 02:38:21 debug Exp $  .\" $Id: gxemul.1,v 1.29 2005/08/10 15:51:09 debug Exp $
2  .\"  .\"
3  .\" Copyright (C) 2004-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.  .\" Copyright (C) 2004-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
4  .\"  .\"
# Line 29  Line 29 
29  .\" This is a minimal man page for GXemul. Process this file with  .\" This is a minimal man page for GXemul. Process this file with
30  .\"     groff -man -Tascii gxemul.1    or    nroff -man gxemul.1  .\"     groff -man -Tascii gxemul.1    or    nroff -man gxemul.1
31  .\"  .\"
32  .Dd APRIL 2005  .Dd AUGUST 2005
33  .Dt GXEMUL 1  .Dt GXEMUL 1
34  .Os  .Os
35  .Sh NAME  .Sh NAME
# Line 47  Line 47 
47  .Ar file Op Ar args ...  .Ar file Op Ar args ...
48  .Sh DESCRIPTION  .Sh DESCRIPTION
49  .Nm  .Nm
50  is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. It can be used  is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. It can be used to
51  to run binary code for (among others) MIPS-based machines.  run binary code for MIPS-based machines, regardless of host
52  Several emulation modes are available. For some emulation modes, processors  platform. Several emulation modes are available. For some modes,
53  and surrounding hardware components are emulated well enough to let  processors and surrounding hardware components are emulated well enough to
54  unmodified operating systems (eg NetBSD) run as if they were running on a  let unmodified operating systems (e.g. NetBSD) run as if they were running
55  real machine.  on a real machine.
56    .Pp
57    (Non-MIPS emulation modes are also under development, but so far none of
58    those modes has reached the completeness required to run unmodified
59    operating systems.)
60  .Pp  .Pp
61  There are three ways to invoke the emulator. When emulating a  There are three ways to invoke the emulator. When emulating a
62  complete machine, settings can be entered directly on the command line, or  complete machine, settings can be entered directly on the command line, or
# Line 78  from SGI. Use Line 82  from SGI. Use
82  .Fl H  .Fl H
83  to get a list of available emulation modes.  to get a list of available emulation modes.
84  .Pp  .Pp
85  (There is an exception to the normal invocation usage mentioned above;  There are two exceptions to the normal invocation usage mentioned above.
86  if you want to use the DECstation emulation mode, and have a bootable  The first is for DECstation emulation: if you have a bootable
87  DECstation harddisk or CDROM image, then just supplying the diskimage via  DECstation harddisk or CDROM image, then just supplying the diskimage via
88  the  the
89  .Fl d  .Fl d
90  option is sufficient. The filename of the kernel can then be  option is sufficient. (The filename of the kernel can then be
91  skipped, as the emulator runs the bootblocks from the diskimage directly and  skipped, as the emulator runs the bootblocks from the diskimage directly and
92  doesn't need the kernel as a separate file.)  doesn't need the kernel as a separate file.)
93    The second is if you supply an ISO9660 CDROM disk image. You may then use
94    the
95    .Fl j
96    option to indicate which file on the CDROM filesystem that should be
97    loaded into emulated memory.
98  .Pp  .Pp
99  Machine selection options:  Machine selection options:
100  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
101  .It Fl E Ar t  .It Fl E Ar t
102  Try to emulate machine type  Try to emulate machine type
103  .Ar "t".  .Ar "t".
104    This option is not always needed, if the
105    .Fl e
106    option uniquely selects a machine.
107  (Use  (Use
108  .Fl H  .Fl H
109  to get a list of types.)  to get a list of types.)
# Line 105  Use this together with Line 117  Use this together with
117  .Pp  .Pp
118  Other options:  Other options:
119  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
120    .It Fl A
121    Disable load/store alignment checks in some cases. This might give a small
122    increase in performance, but the emulator will not run correctly if the
123    emulated code actually tries to do unaligned loads or stores.
124  .It Fl B  .It Fl B
125  Disable dynamic binary translation completely. By default, bintrans  Disable dynamic binary translation. By default, bintrans
126  will be turned on if the host architecture supports it.  will be turned on if the host+target architecture combination is
127  However, in this release (0.3.1), there is no new bintrans system.  supported.
 If you want to enable binary translation, use  
 .Fl "b".  
 .It Fl b  
 Use the OLD binary translation subsystem. (Alpha and i386 hosts only.)  
128  .It Fl C Ar x  .It Fl C Ar x
129  Try to emulate a specific CPU type,  Try to emulate a specific CPU type,
130  .Ar "x".  .Ar "x".
# Line 126  Add Line 138  Add
138  as a disk image. By adding one or more modifier characters and then a  as a disk image. By adding one or more modifier characters and then a
139  colon (":") as a prefix to  colon (":") as a prefix to
140  .Ar "name",  .Ar "name",
141  you can modify the disk image's behaviour. Available modifiers are:  you can modify the way the disk image is treated. Available modifiers are:
142  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
143  .It b  .It b
144  Specifies that this is a boot device.  Specifies that this is a boot device.
# Line 136  CD-ROM. Line 148  CD-ROM.
148  DISK (this is the default).  DISK (this is the default).
149  .It f  .It f
150  FLOPPY.  FLOPPY.
151    .It gH;S;
152    Override the default geometry; use H heads and S sectors-per-track.
153    (The number of cylinders is calculated automatically.)
154  .It i  .It i
155  IDE.  IDE.
156  .It r  .It r
# Line 145  SCSI (this is the default for most machi Line 160  SCSI (this is the default for most machi
160  .It t  .It t
161  Tape.  Tape.
162  .It 0-7  .It 0-7
163  Force a specific SCSI ID number.  Force a specific ID number.
164  .El  .El
165  .Pp  .Pp
166  Filenames ending with ".iso" are assumed to be CDROM images. Files with a  Unless otherwise specified, filenames ending with ".iso" are assumed to be
167  size of exactly 1.44 MB are assumed to be floppy images. All others  CDROM images. Most others are assumed to be disks. Depending on which
168  are assumed to be disks.  machine is being emulated, the default for disks can be either SCSI or
169    IDE. Some disk images that are very small are assumed to be floppy disks.
170    (If you are not happy with the way a disk image is detected, then you need
171    to use explicit prefixes to force a specific type.)
172    .Pp
173    For floppies, the gH;S; prefix is ignored. Instead, the number of
174    heads and cylinders are assumed to be 2 and 80, respectively, and the
175    number of sectors per track is calculated automatically. (This works for
176    720KB, 1.2MB, 1.44MB, and 2.88MB floppies.)
177  .It Fl I Ar x  .It Fl I Ar x
178  Emulate clock interrupts at  Emulate clock interrupts at
179  .Ar x  .Ar x
# Line 164  Disable some speed tricks. Line 187  Disable some speed tricks.
187  .It Fl j Ar n  .It Fl j Ar n
188  Set the name of the kernel to  Set the name of the kernel to
189  .Ar "n".  .Ar "n".
190  Useful names are "bsd" for OpenBSD/pmax, or "vmunix" for Ultrix.  When booting from an ISO9660 filesystem, the emulator will try to boot
191  ("netbsd" is usually the default value.)  using this file. (In some emulation modes, eg. DECstation, this name is passed
192    along to the boot program. Useful names are "bsd" for OpenBSD/pmax,
193    or "vmunix" for Ultrix.)
194  .It Fl M Ar m  .It Fl M Ar m
195  Emulate  Emulate
196  .Ar m  .Ar m
# Line 186  present (for DECstation, SGI, and ARC em Line 211  present (for DECstation, SGI, and ARC em
211  Set the boot argument (for DEC, ARC, or SGI emulation).  Set the boot argument (for DEC, ARC, or SGI emulation).
212  Default  Default
213  .Ar arg  .Ar arg
214  for DEC is '-a', for ARC '-aN'.  for DEC is "-a", for ARC "-aN".
215  .It Fl p Ar pc  .It Fl p Ar pc
216  Add a breakpoint (remember to use the '0x' prefix for hex).  Add a breakpoint. (Remember to use the "0x" prefix for hex.)
217  .It Fl Q  .It Fl Q
218  Disable the built-in PROM emulation. This is useful for running raw ROM  Disable the built-in PROM emulation. This is useful for running raw ROM
219  images from real machines.  images from real machines.
# Line 242  emulation. Line 267  emulation.
267  General options:  General options:
268  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
269  .It Fl D  .It Fl D
270  Guarantee fully deterministic behaviour. Normally, the emulator calls  Guarantee fully deterministic behavior. Normally, the emulator calls
271  srandom() with a seed based on the current time at startup. When the  srandom() with a seed based on the current time at startup. When the
272  .Fl D  .Fl D
273  option is used, the srandom() call is skipped, which should cause two  option is used, the srandom() call is skipped, which should cause two
274  subsequent invokations of the emulator to be identical, if all other  subsequent invocations of the emulator to be identical, if all other
275  settings are identical. (If this option is used, then  settings are identical and no user input is taking place. (If this option
276    is used, then
277  .Fl I  .Fl I
278  must also be used.)  must also be used.)
279  .It Fl H  .It Fl H
# Line 283  subdirectory of the Line 309  subdirectory of the
309  distribution.  distribution.
310  .Sh EXAMPLES  .Sh EXAMPLES
311  The following command will start NetBSD/pmax on an emulated DECstation  The following command will start NetBSD/pmax on an emulated DECstation
312  5000/200 (3MAX), with the old bintrans system enabled:  5000/200 (3MAX):
313  .Pp  .Pp
314  .Dl "gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d netbsddisk.img"  .Dl "gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img"
315  .Pp  .Pp
316  netbsddisk.img should be a raw disk image containing a bootable  nbsd_pmax.img should be a raw disk image containing a bootable
317  NetBSD/pmax filesystem.  NetBSD/pmax filesystem.
318  .Pp  .Pp
319  The following command will start an emulation session based on settings in  The following command will start an emulation session based on settings in
# Line 311  Please read the documentation for more d Line 337  Please read the documentation for more d
337  There are many bugs. Some of the known bugs are listed in the BUGS  There are many bugs. Some of the known bugs are listed in the BUGS
338  file in the  file in the
339  .Nm  .Nm
340  source distribution, some are indirectly mentioned in the TODO file.  source distribution, some are indirectly mentioned in the TODO file,
341    and some are mentioned in the source code itself.
342    .Pp
343    The binary translation subsystem is really terrible, but it is less
344    terrible than running without it.
345  .Pp  .Pp
346  There is no new bintrans system in this release (0.3.1), so you will  Userland (syscall-only) emulation doesn't really work yet.
 need to add  
 .Fl b  
 to select the old bintrans system, if you want speed.  
347  .Pp  .Pp
348  .Nm  .Nm
349  does not simulate individual pipe-line stages or penalties caused by  does not simulate individual pipe-line stages or penalties caused by
350  branch-prediction misses, so it cannot be used for accurate performance  branch-prediction misses or cache misses, so it cannot be used for
351  measurement.  accurate performance measurement.
352    .Pp
353    .Nm
354    is not timing-accurate.
355  .Sh AUTHOR  .Sh AUTHOR
356  Anders Gavare <anders@gavare.se>  Anders Gavare <anders@gavare.se>
357  .Pp  .Pp
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