/[gxemul]/trunk/man/gxemul.1
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revision 2 by dpavlin, Mon Oct 8 16:17:48 2007 UTC revision 10 by dpavlin, Mon Oct 8 16:18:27 2007 UTC
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1  .\" $Id: gxemul.1,v 1.12 2005/04/07 16:00:24 debug Exp $  .\" $Id: gxemul.1,v 1.24 2005/06/26 10:05:02 debug Exp $
2  .\"  .\"
3  .\" Copyright (C) 2004-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.  .\" Copyright (C) 2004-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
4  .\"  .\"
# Line 29  Line 29 
29  .\" This is a minimal man page for GXemul. Process this file with  .\" This is a minimal man page for GXemul. Process this file with
30  .\"     groff -man -Tascii gxemul.1    or    nroff -man gxemul.1  .\"     groff -man -Tascii gxemul.1    or    nroff -man gxemul.1
31  .\"  .\"
32  .Dd APRIL 2005  .Dd JUNE 2005
33  .Dt GXEMUL 1  .Dt GXEMUL 1
34  .Os  .Os
35  .Sh NAME  .Sh NAME
# Line 47  Line 47 
47  .Ar file Op Ar args ...  .Ar file Op Ar args ...
48  .Sh DESCRIPTION  .Sh DESCRIPTION
49  .Nm  .Nm
50  is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. It can be used  is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. It can be used to
51  to run binary code for (among others) MIPS-based machines.  run binary code for (among others) MIPS-based machines, regardless of host
52  Several emulation modes are available. For some emulation modes, processors  platform. Several emulation modes are available. For some modes,
53  and surrounding hardware components are emulated well enough to let  processors and surrounding hardware components are emulated well enough to
54  unmodified operating systems (eg NetBSD) run as if they were running on a  let unmodified operating systems (e.g. NetBSD) run as if they were running
55  real machine.  on a real machine.
56  .Pp  .Pp
57  There are three ways to invoke the emulator. When emulating a  There are three ways to invoke the emulator. When emulating a
58  complete machine, settings can be entered directly on the command line, or  complete machine, settings can be entered directly on the command line, or
# Line 78  from SGI. Use Line 78  from SGI. Use
78  .Fl H  .Fl H
79  to get a list of available emulation modes.  to get a list of available emulation modes.
80  .Pp  .Pp
81  (There is an exception to the normal invocation usage mentioned above;  There are two exceptions to the normal invocation usage mentioned above.
82  if you want to use the DECstation emulation mode, and have a bootable  The first is for DECstation emulation: if you have a bootable
83  DECstation harddisk or CDROM image, then just supplying the diskimage via  DECstation harddisk or CDROM image, then just supplying the diskimage via
84  the  the
85  .Fl d  .Fl d
86  option is sufficient. The filename of the kernel can then be  option is sufficient. (The filename of the kernel can then be
87  skipped, as the emulator runs the bootblocks from the diskimage directly and  skipped, as the emulator runs the bootblocks from the diskimage directly and
88  doesn't need the kernel as a separate file.)  doesn't need the kernel as a separate file.)
89    The second is if you supply an ISO9660 CDROM disk image. You may then use
90    the
91    .Fl j
92    option to indicate which file on the CDROM filesystem that should be
93    loaded into emulated memory.
94  .Pp  .Pp
95  Machine selection options:  Machine selection options:
96  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
# Line 106  Use this together with Line 111  Use this together with
111  Other options:  Other options:
112  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
113  .It Fl B  .It Fl B
114  Disable dynamic binary translation completely. By default, bintrans  Disable dynamic binary translation. By default, bintrans
115  will be turned on if the host architecture supports it.  will be turned on if the host+target architecture combination is
116  However, in this release (0.3.1), there is no new bintrans system.  supported.
 If you want to enable binary translation, use  
 .Fl "b".  
 .It Fl b  
 Use the OLD binary translation subsystem. (Alpha and i386 hosts only.)  
117  .It Fl C Ar x  .It Fl C Ar x
118  Try to emulate a specific CPU type,  Try to emulate a specific CPU type,
119  .Ar "x".  .Ar "x".
# Line 126  Add Line 127  Add
127  as a disk image. By adding one or more modifier characters and then a  as a disk image. By adding one or more modifier characters and then a
128  colon (":") as a prefix to  colon (":") as a prefix to
129  .Ar "name",  .Ar "name",
130  you can modify the disk image's behaviour. Available modifiers are:  you can modify the way the disk image is treated. Available modifiers are:
131  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
132  .It b  .It b
133  Specifies that this is a boot device.  Specifies that this is a boot device.
134  .It c  .It c
135  CD-ROM (instead of a normal SCSI DISK).  CD-ROM.
136  .It d  .It d
137  SCSI DISK (this is the default).  DISK (this is the default).
138    .It f
139    FLOPPY.
140    .It gH;S;
141    Override the default geometry; use H heads and S sectors-per-track.
142    (The number of cylinders is calculated automatically.)
143  .It i  .It i
144  IDE (instead of SCSI).  IDE.
145  .It r  .It r
146  Read-only (don't allow changes to be written to the file).  Read-only (don't allow changes to be written to the file).
147    .It s
148    SCSI (this is the default for most machine types).
149  .It t  .It t
150  SCSI tape.  Tape.
151  .It 0-7  .It 0-7
152  Force a specific SCSI ID number.  Force a specific ID number.
153  .El  .El
154  .Pp  .Pp
155  Filenames ending with ".iso" are assumed to be CDROM images, all others  Unless otherwise specified, filenames ending with ".iso" are assumed to be
156  are assumed to be normal SCSI disks.  CDROM images. Most others are assumed to be disks. Depending on which
157    machine is being emulated, the default for disks can be either SCSI or
158    IDE. Some disk images that are very small are assumed to be floppy disks.
159    (If you are not happy with the way a disk image is detected, then you need
160    to use explicit prefixes to force a specific type.)
161    .Pp
162    For floppies, the gH;S; prefix is ignored. Instead, the number of
163    heads and cylinders are assumed to be 2 and 80, respectively, and the
164    number of sectors per track is calculated automatically. (This works for
165    720KB, 1.2MB, 1.44MB, and 2.88MB floppies.)
166  .It Fl I Ar x  .It Fl I Ar x
167  Emulate clock interrupts at  Emulate clock interrupts at
168  .Ar x  .Ar x
# Line 159  Disable some speed tricks. Line 176  Disable some speed tricks.
176  .It Fl j Ar n  .It Fl j Ar n
177  Set the name of the kernel to  Set the name of the kernel to
178  .Ar "n".  .Ar "n".
179  Useful names are "bsd" for OpenBSD/pmax, or "vmunix" for Ultrix.  When booting from an ISO9660 filesystem, the emulator will try to boot
180  ("netbsd" is usually the default value.)  using this file. (In some emulation modes, eg. DECstation, this name is passed
181    along to the boot program. Useful names are "bsd" for OpenBSD/pmax,
182    or "vmunix" for Ultrix.)
183  .It Fl M Ar m  .It Fl M Ar m
184  Emulate  Emulate
185  .Ar m  .Ar m
# Line 181  present (for DECstation, SGI, and ARC em Line 200  present (for DECstation, SGI, and ARC em
200  Set the boot argument (for DEC, ARC, or SGI emulation).  Set the boot argument (for DEC, ARC, or SGI emulation).
201  Default  Default
202  .Ar arg  .Ar arg
203  for DEC is '-a', for ARC '-aN'.  for DEC is "-a", for ARC "-aN".
204  .It Fl p Ar pc  .It Fl p Ar pc
205  Add a breakpoint (remember to use the '0x' prefix for hex).  Add a breakpoint. (Remember to use the "0x" prefix for hex.)
206  .It Fl Q  .It Fl Q
207  Disable the built-in PROM emulation. This is useful for running raw ROM  Disable the built-in PROM emulation. This is useful for running raw ROM
208  images from real machines.  images from real machines.
# Line 237  emulation. Line 256  emulation.
256  General options:  General options:
257  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
258  .It Fl D  .It Fl D
259  Guarantee fully deterministic behaviour. Normally, the emulator calls  Guarantee fully deterministic behavior. Normally, the emulator calls
260  srandom() with a seed based on the current time at startup. When the  srandom() with a seed based on the current time at startup. When the
261  .Fl D  .Fl D
262  option is used, the srandom() call is skipped, which should cause two  option is used, the srandom() call is skipped, which should cause two
263  subsequent invokations of the emulator to be identical, if all other  subsequent invocations of the emulator to be identical, if all other
264  settings are identical. (If this option is used, then  settings are identical and no user input is taking place. (If this option
265    is used, then
266  .Fl I  .Fl I
267  must also be used.)  must also be used.)
268  .It Fl H  .It Fl H
# Line 278  subdirectory of the Line 298  subdirectory of the
298  distribution.  distribution.
299  .Sh EXAMPLES  .Sh EXAMPLES
300  The following command will start NetBSD/pmax on an emulated DECstation  The following command will start NetBSD/pmax on an emulated DECstation
301  5000/200 (3MAX), with the old bintrans system enabled:  5000/200 (3MAX):
302  .Pp  .Pp
303  .Dl "gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d netbsddisk.img"  .Dl "gxemul -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img"
304  .Pp  .Pp
305  netbsddisk.img should be a raw disk image containing a bootable  nbsd_pmax.img should be a raw disk image containing a bootable
306  NetBSD/pmax filesystem.  NetBSD/pmax filesystem.
307  .Pp  .Pp
308  The following command will start an emulation session based on settings in  The following command will start an emulation session based on settings in
# Line 308  file in the Line 328  file in the
328  .Nm  .Nm
329  source distribution, some are indirectly mentioned in the TODO file.  source distribution, some are indirectly mentioned in the TODO file.
330  .Pp  .Pp
331  There is no new bintrans system in this release (0.3.1), so you will  The binary translation subsystem is really terrible, but it is less
332  need to add  terrible than running without it.
 .Fl b  
 to select the old bintrans system, if you want speed.  
333  .Pp  .Pp
334  .Nm  .Nm
335  does not simulate individual pipe-line stages or penalties caused by  does not simulate individual pipe-line stages or penalties caused by
336  branch-prediction misses, so it cannot be used for accurate performance  branch-prediction misses or cache misses, so it cannot be used for
337  measurement.  accurate performance measurement.
338    .Pp
339    .Nm
340    is not timing-accurate.
341  .Sh AUTHOR  .Sh AUTHOR
342  Anders Gavare <anders@gavare.se>  Anders Gavare <anders@gavare.se>
343  .Pp  .Pp
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