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revision 4 by dpavlin, Mon Oct 8 16:18:00 2007 UTC revision 38 by dpavlin, Mon Oct 8 16:21:53 2007 UTC
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1  .\" $Id: gxemul.1,v 1.14 2005/04/16 02:38:21 debug Exp $  .\" $Id: gxemul.1,v 1.89 2007/04/10 15:37:00 debug Exp $
2  .\"  .\"
3  .\" Copyright (C) 2004-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.  .\" Copyright (C) 2004-2007  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
4  .\"  .\"
5  .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without  .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:  .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
# Line 29  Line 29 
29  .\" This is a minimal man page for GXemul. Process this file with  .\" This is a minimal man page for GXemul. Process this file with
30  .\"     groff -man -Tascii gxemul.1    or    nroff -man gxemul.1  .\"     groff -man -Tascii gxemul.1    or    nroff -man gxemul.1
31  .\"  .\"
32  .Dd APRIL 2005  .Dd APRIL 2007
33  .Dt GXEMUL 1  .Dt GXEMUL 1
34  .Os  .Os
35  .Sh NAME  .Sh NAME
# Line 41  Line 41 
41  .Op file Ar ...  .Op file Ar ...
42  .Nm  .Nm
43  .Op general options  .Op general options
44  .Op Ar @configfile ...  .Ar @configfile
45  .Nm  .\" TODO: Reenable this once userland emulation works:
46  .Op userland, other, and general options  .\" .Nm
47  .Ar file Op Ar args ...  .\" .Op userland, other, and general options
48    .\" .Ar file Op Ar args ...
49  .Sh DESCRIPTION  .Sh DESCRIPTION
50  .Nm  .Nm
51  is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. It can be used  is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. Several
52  to run binary code for (among others) MIPS-based machines.  emulation modes are available. In some modes, processors and surrounding
53  Several emulation modes are available. For some emulation modes, processors  hardware components are emulated well enough to let unmodified operating
54  and surrounding hardware components are emulated well enough to let  systems (e.g. NetBSD) run inside the emulator as if they were running on a
 unmodified operating systems (eg NetBSD) run as if they were running on a  
55  real machine.  real machine.
56  .Pp  .Pp
57  There are three ways to invoke the emulator. When emulating a  Processors (ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, SuperH) are emulated using dynamic translation.
58  complete machine, settings can be entered directly on the command line, or  However, unlike some other dynamically translating emulators, GXemul does
59  they can be read from a configuration file. When emulating a userland  not need to generate native code, only a "runnable intermediate
60  environment (syscall-only emulation, not emulating complete machines),  representation", and will thus run on any host architecture, without the
61  then the program name and its argument should be given on the command  need to implement per-architecture backends.
62  line.  .Pp
63    The emulator can be invoked in the following ways:
64    .Pp
65    1. When emulating a complete machine, configuration options can be entered
66    directly on the command line.
67    .Pp
68    2. Options can be read from a configuration file.
69    .\" .Pp
70    .\" 3. When emulating a userland environment (syscall-only emulation, not
71    .\" emulating complete machines), then the program name and its argument
72    .\" should be given on the command line. (This mode doesn't really work yet,
73    .\" and is disabled for stable release builds.)
74  .Pp  .Pp
75  The easiest way to use the emulator is to supply settings directly on the  The easiest way to use the emulator is to supply settings directly on the
76  command line. The most important thing you need to supply is the  command line. The most important thing you need to supply is the
77  file argument. This is the name of a binary file (an ELF, a.out, ECOFF,  file argument. This is the name of a binary file (an ELF, a.out, COFF/ECOFF,
78  SREC, or a raw binary image) which you wish to run in the emulator. This file  SREC, or a raw binary image) which you wish to run in the emulator. This file
79  might be an operating system kernel, or perhaps a ROM image file.  might be an operating system kernel, or perhaps a ROM image file.
80  .Pp  .Pp
# Line 78  from SGI. Use Line 89  from SGI. Use
89  .Fl H  .Fl H
90  to get a list of available emulation modes.  to get a list of available emulation modes.
91  .Pp  .Pp
92  (There is an exception to the normal invocation usage mentioned above;  There are three exceptions to the normal invocation usage mentioned above.
93  if you want to use the DECstation emulation mode, and have a bootable  .Pp
94  DECstation harddisk or CDROM image, then just supplying the diskimage via  1. For DECstation emulation, if you have a bootable DECstation harddisk or
95  the  CDROM image, then just supplying the diskimage via the
96  .Fl d  .Fl d
97  option is sufficient. The filename of the kernel can then be  option is sufficient. The filename of the kernel can then be
98  skipped, as the emulator runs the bootblocks from the diskimage directly and  skipped, as the emulator runs the bootblocks from the diskimage directly and
99  doesn't need the kernel as a separate file.)  doesn't need the kernel as a separate file.
100    .Pp
101    2. If you supply an ISO9660 CDROM disk image, then using the
102    .Fl j
103    option to indicate a file on the CDROM filesystem to load is sufficient;
104    no additional kernel filename needs to be supplied on the command line.
105    .Pp
106    3. For Dreamcast emulation, when booting e.g. a NetBSD/dreamcast CDROM
107    image, it is enough to supply the disk image (with the correct ISO
108    partition start offset). Bootblocks will be read directly from the CDROM
109    image, and there is no need to supply the name of an external kernel on
110    the command line.
111    .Pp
112    Gzipped kernels are automatically unzipped, by calling the external gunzip
113    program, both when specifying a gzipped file directly on the command line
114    and when loading such a file using the
115    .Fl j
116    option.
117  .Pp  .Pp
118  Machine selection options:  Machine selection options:
119  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
120  .It Fl E Ar t  .It Fl E Ar t
121  Try to emulate machine type  Try to emulate machine type
122  .Ar "t".  .Ar "t".
123    This option is not always needed, if the
124    .Fl e
125    option uniquely selects a machine.
126  (Use  (Use
127  .Fl H  .Fl H
128  to get a list of types.)  to get a list of types.)
# Line 105  Use this together with Line 136  Use this together with
136  .Pp  .Pp
137  Other options:  Other options:
138  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl B  
 Disable dynamic binary translation completely. By default, bintrans  
 will be turned on if the host architecture supports it.  
 However, in this release (0.3.1), there is no new bintrans system.  
 If you want to enable binary translation, use  
 .Fl "b".  
 .It Fl b  
 Use the OLD binary translation subsystem. (Alpha and i386 hosts only.)  
139  .It Fl C Ar x  .It Fl C Ar x
140  Try to emulate a specific CPU type,  Try to emulate a specific CPU type,
141  .Ar "x".  .Ar "x".
# Line 120  This overrides the default CPU type for Line 143  This overrides the default CPU type for
143  (Use  (Use
144  .Fl H  .Fl H
145  to get a list of available CPU types.)  to get a list of available CPU types.)
146  .It Fl d Ar name  .It Fl d Ar [modifiers:]filename
147  Add  Add
148  .Ar name  .Ar filename
149  as a disk image. By adding one or more modifier characters and then a  as a disk image. By adding one or more modifier characters and then a
150  colon (":") as a prefix to  colon (":") as a prefix to
151  .Ar "name",  .Ar filename,
152  you can modify the disk image's behaviour. Available modifiers are:  you can modify the way the disk image is treated. Available modifiers are:
153  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
154  .It b  .It b
155  Specifies that this is a boot device.  Specifies that this is a boot device.
# Line 136  CD-ROM. Line 159  CD-ROM.
159  DISK (this is the default).  DISK (this is the default).
160  .It f  .It f
161  FLOPPY.  FLOPPY.
162    .It gH;S;
163    Override the default geometry; use H heads and S sectors-per-track.
164    (The number of cylinders is calculated automatically.)
165  .It i  .It i
166  IDE.  IDE. (This is the default for most machine types.)
167    .It oOFS;
168    Set the base offset for an ISO9660 filesystem on a disk image. The default
169    is 0. A suitable offset when booting from Dreamcast ISO9660 filesystem
170    images, which are offset by 11702 sectors, is 23965696.
171  .It r  .It r
172  Read-only (don't allow changes to be written to the file).  Read-only (don't allow changes to be written to the file).
173  .It s  .It s
174  SCSI (this is the default for most machine types).  SCSI.
175  .It t  .It t
176  Tape.  Tape.
177    .It V
178    Add an overlay filename to an already defined disk image.
179    (A ID number must also be specified when this flag is used. See the
180    documentation for an example of how to use overlays.)
181  .It 0-7  .It 0-7
182  Force a specific SCSI ID number.  Force a specific ID number.
183    .El
184    .Pp
185    For SCSI devices, the ID number is the SCSI ID. For IDE harddisks, the ID
186    number has the following meaning:
187    .Bl -tag -width Ds
188    .It 0
189    Primary master.
190    .It 1
191    Primary slave.
192    .It 2
193    Secondary master.
194    .It 3
195    Secondary slave.
196  .El  .El
197  .Pp  .Pp
198  Filenames ending with ".iso" are assumed to be CDROM images. Files with a  Unless otherwise specified, filenames ending with ".iso" or ".cdr" are
199  size of exactly 1.44 MB are assumed to be floppy images. All others  assumed to be CDROM images. Most others are assumed to be disks. Depending
200  are assumed to be disks.  on which machine is being emulated, the default for disks can be either
201  .It Fl I Ar x  SCSI or IDE. Some disk images that are very small are assumed to be floppy
202  Emulate clock interrupts at  disks. (If you are not happy with the way a disk image is detected, then
203  .Ar x  you need to use explicit prefixes to force a specific type.)
204  Hz. (This affects emulated clock devices only, not actual runtime speed.  .Pp
205  This disables automatic clock adjustments, which is otherwise turned on.)  For floppies, the gH;S; prefix is ignored. Instead, the number of
206  (This option is probably only valid for DECstation emulation.)  heads and cylinders are assumed to be 2 and 80, respectively, and the
207    number of sectors per track is calculated automatically. (This works for
208    720KB, 1.2MB, 1.44MB, and 2.88MB floppies.)
209    .It Fl I Ar hz
210    Set the main CPUs frequency to
211    .Ar hz
212    Hz. This option does not work for all emulated machine modes. It affects
213    the way count/compare interrupts are faked to simulate emulated time =
214    real world time. If the guest operating system relies on RTC interrupts
215    instead of count/compare interrupts, then this option has no effect.
216    .Pp
217    Setting the frequency to zero disables automatic synchronization of
218    emulated time vs real world time, and the count/compare system runs at a
219    fixed rate.
220  .It Fl i  .It Fl i
221  Display each instruction as it is being executed.  Enable instruction trace, i.e. display disassembly of each instruction as
222    it is being executed.
223  .It Fl J  .It Fl J
224  Disable some speed tricks.  Disable instruction combinations in the dynamic translator.
225  .It Fl j Ar n  .It Fl j Ar n
226  Set the name of the kernel to  Set the name of the kernel to
227  .Ar "n".  .Ar "n".
228  Useful names are "bsd" for OpenBSD/pmax, or "vmunix" for Ultrix.  When booting from an ISO9660 filesystem, the emulator will try to boot
229  ("netbsd" is usually the default value.)  using this file. (In some emulation modes, eg. DECstation, this name is passed
230    along to the boot program. Useful names are "bsd" for OpenBSD/pmax,
231    "vmunix" for Ultrix, or "vmsprite" for Sprite.)
232  .It Fl M Ar m  .It Fl M Ar m
233  Emulate  Emulate
234  .Ar m  .Ar m
235  MBs of physical RAM. This overrides the default amount of RAM for the  MBs of physical RAM. This overrides the default amount of RAM for the
236  selected machine type.  selected machine type.
 .It Fl m Ar nr  
 Run at most  
 .Ar nr  
 instructions (on any cpu).  
237  .It Fl N  .It Fl N
238  Display nr of instructions/second average, at regular intervals.  Display the number of executed instructions per second on average, at
239    regular intervals.
240  .It Fl n Ar nr  .It Fl n Ar nr
241  Set nr of CPUs (for SMP experiments).  Set the number of processors in the machine, for SMP experiments.
242    .Pp
243    Note 1: The emulator allocates quite a lot of virtual memory for
244    per-CPU translation tables. On 64-bit hosts, this is normally not a
245    problem. On 32-bit hosts, this can use up all available virtual userspace
246    memory. The solution is to either run the emulator on a 64-bit host,
247    or limit the number of emulated CPUs to a reasonably low number.
248    .Pp
249    Note 2: SMP simulation is not working very well yet; multiple processors
250    are simulated, but synchronization between the processors does not map
251    very well to how real-world SMP systems work.
252  .It Fl O  .It Fl O
253  Force a "netboot" (tftp instead of disk), even when a disk image is  Force a "netboot" (tftp instead of disk), even when a disk image is
254  present (for DECstation, SGI, and ARC emulation).  present (for DECstation, SGI, and ARC emulation).
255  .It Fl o Ar arg  .It Fl o Ar arg
256  Set the boot argument (for DEC, ARC, or SGI emulation).  Set the boot argument (mostly useful for DEC, ARC, or SGI emulation).
257  Default  Default
258  .Ar arg  .Ar arg
259  for DEC is '-a', for ARC '-aN'.  for DEC is "-a", for ARC/SGI it is "-aN", and for CATS it is "-A".
260  .It Fl p Ar pc  .It Fl p Ar pc
261  Add a breakpoint (remember to use the '0x' prefix for hex).  Add a breakpoint.
262    .Ar pc
263    can be a symbol, or a numeric value. (Remember to use the "0x" prefix for
264    hexadecimal values.)
265  .It Fl Q  .It Fl Q
266  Disable the built-in PROM emulation. This is useful for running raw ROM  Disable the built-in (software-only) PROM emulation. This option is useful
267  images from real machines.  for experimenting with running raw ROM images from real machines. The default
268    behaviour of the emulator is to "fake" certain PROM calls used by guest
269    operating systems (e.g. NetBSD), so that no real PROM image is needed.
270  .It Fl R  .It Fl R
271  Use a random bootstrap cpu, instead of CPU nr 0. (For SMP experiments.)  Use a random bootstrap cpu, instead of CPU nr 0. (This option is only
272    meaningful together with the
273    .Fl n
274    option.)
275  .It Fl r  .It Fl r
276  Dump register contents for every executed instruction.  Dump register contents for every executed instruction.
277  .It Fl S  .It Fl S
278  Initialize the emulated RAM to random data, instead of zeroes.  Initialize emulated RAM to random data, instead of zeroes. This option
279    is useful when trying to trigger bugs in a program that occur because the
280    program assumed that uninitialized memory contains zeros. (Use with
281    care.)
282    .It Fl s Ar flags:filename
283    Gather statistics based on the current emulated program counter value,
284    while the program executes. The statistics is actually just a raw dump of
285    all program counter values in sequence, suitable for post-analysis with
286    separate tools. Output is appended to
287    .Ar filename.
288    .Pp
289    The
290    .Ar flags
291    should include one or more of the following type specifiers:
292    .Bl -tag -width Ds
293    .It v
294    Virtual. This means that the program counter value is used.
295    .It p
296    Physical. This means that the physical address of where the program
297    is actually running is used.
298    .It i
299    Instruction call. This type of statistics gathering is practically only
300    useful during development of the emulator itself. The output is a list of
301    addresses of instruction call functions (ic->f), which after some
302    post-processing can be used as a basis for deciding when to implement
303    instruction combinations.
304    .El
305    .Pp
306    The
307    .Ar flags
308    may also include the following optional modifiers:
309    .Bl -tag -width Ds
310    .It d
311    Disabled at startup.
312    .It o
313    Overwrite the file, instead of appending to it.
314    .El
315    .Pp
316    Statistics gathering can be enabled/disabled at runtime by using the
317    "statistics_enabled = yes" and "statistics_enabled = no" debugger
318    commands.
319    .Pp
320    When gathering instruction statistics using the
321    .Fl s
322    option, instruction combinations and native code generation
323    are always disabled (i.e. implicit
324    .Fl J
325    and
326    .Fl B
327    flags are added to the command line).
328    .Pp
329    If a value is missing (e.g. the end-of-page slot does not really have a
330    known physical address), it is written out as just a dash ("-").
331  .It Fl T  .It Fl T
332  Enter the single-step debugger on unimplemented memory accesses.  Halt if the emulated program attempts to access non-existing memory.
333  .It Fl t  .It Fl t
334  Show a trace tree of all function calls being made.  Show a trace tree of all function calls being made.
335  .It Fl U  .It Fl U
336  Enable slow_serial_interrupts_hack_for_linux.  Enable slow_serial_interrupts_hack_for_linux.
337  .It Fl X  .It Fl X
338  Use X11.  Use X11. This option enables graphical framebuffers.
339  .It Fl x  .It Fl x
340  Open up new xterms for emulated serial ports. (Default is to open up  Open up new xterms for emulated serial ports. The default behaviour is to
341  xterms when using configuration files, but not when starting an  open up xterms when using configuration files, or if X11 is enabled. When
342  emulation with settings directly on the command line.)  starting up a simple emulation session with settings directly on the
343    command line, and neither
344    .Fl X
345    nor
346    .Fl x
347    is used, then all output is confined to the terminal that
348    .Nm
349    started in.
350  .It Fl Y Ar n  .It Fl Y Ar n
351  Scale down framebuffer windows by  Scale down framebuffer windows by
352  .Ar n  .Ar n
353  x  x
354  .Ar n  .Ar n
355  times.  times. This option is useful when emulating a very large framebuffer, and
356  .It Fl y Ar x  the actual display is of lower resolution. If
357  Set max_random_cycles_per_chunk to  .Ar n
358  .Ar x  is negative, then there will be no scaledown, but emulation of certain
359  (experimental).  graphic controllers will be scaled up
360    by
361    .Ar -n
362    times instead. E.g. Using
363    .Ar -2
364    with VGA text mode emulation will result in 80x25 character cells rendered
365    in a 1280x800 window, instead of the normal resolution of 640x400.
366  .It Fl Z Ar n  .It Fl Z Ar n
367  Set the number of graphics cards, for emulating a dual-head or tripple-head  Set the number of graphics cards, for emulating a dual-head or tripple-head
368  environment. (Only for DECstation emulation so far.)  environment. (Only for DECstation emulation so far.)
# Line 229  Add Line 372  Add
372  as an X11 display to use for framebuffers.  as an X11 display to use for framebuffers.
373  .El  .El
374  .Pp  .Pp
375  Userland options:  .\" Userland options:
376  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .\" .Bl -tag -width Ds
377  .It Fl u Ar emul-mode  .\" .It Fl u Ar emul-mode
378  Userland-only (syscall) emulation. (Use  .\" Userland-only (syscall) emulation. (Use
379  .Fl H  .\" .Fl H
380  to get a list of available emulation modes.) Some (but not all) of the  .\" to get a list of available emulation modes.) Some (but not all) of the
381  options listed under Other options above can also be used with userland  .\" options listed under Other options above can also be used with
382  emulation.  .\" userland emulation.
383  .El  .\" .El
384  .Pp  .\" .Pp
385  General options:  General options:
386  .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
387    .It Fl b
388    Enable native code generation at runtime. This is not really implemented
389    yet. Don't use it unless you know what you are doing. It will most
390    likely not work.
391    .It Fl B
392    Disable native code generation at runtime. (This is the default in
393    GXemul 0.4.4; there are no implemented native code generation backends.)
394    .It Fl c Ar cmd
395    Add
396    .Ar cmd
397    as a command to run before starting the simulation. A similar effect can
398    be achieved by using the
399    .Fl V
400    option, and entering the commands manually.
401  .It Fl D  .It Fl D
402  Guarantee fully deterministic behaviour. Normally, the emulator calls  Causes the emulator to skip a call to srandom(). This leads to somewhat
403  srandom() with a seed based on the current time at startup. When the  more deterministic behaviour than running without this option.
404  .Fl D  However, if the emulated machine has clocks or timer interrupt sources,
405  option is used, the srandom() call is skipped, which should cause two  or if user interaction is taking place (e.g. keyboard input at irregular
406  subsequent invokations of the emulator to be identical, if all other  intervals), then this option is meaningless.
 settings are identical. (If this option is used, then  
 .Fl I  
 must also be used.)  
407  .It Fl H  .It Fl H
408  Display a list of available CPU types, machine types, and userland  Display a list of available CPU types, machine types, and userland
409  emulation modes. (Most of these don't work. Please read the documentation  emulation modes. (Most of these don't work. Please read the documentation
410  included in the  included in the
411  .Nm  .Nm
412  distribution for details on which modes that actually work.)  distribution for details on which modes that actually work. Userland
413    emulation is not included in stable release builds, since it doesn't work
414    yet.)
415  .It Fl h  .It Fl h
416  Display a list of all available command line options.  Display a list of all available command line options.
417    .It Fl k Ar n
418    Set the size of the dyntrans cache (per emulated CPU) to
419    .Ar n
420    MB. The default size is 32 MB.
421  .It Fl K  .It Fl K
422  Force the single-step debugger to be entered at the end of a simulation.  Force the single-step debugger to be entered at the end of a simulation.
423  .It Fl q  .It Fl q
424  Quiet mode; this suppresses startup messages.  Quiet mode; this suppresses startup messages.
425  .It Fl s  .\".It Fl s
426  Show opcode usage statistics after the simulation.  .\"For MIPS emulation: Show opcode usage statistics after the simulation.
427    .\"For non-MIPS emulation (i.e. using dyntrans): Save statistics to a file
428    .\"at regular intervals of which physical addresses that were executed.
429  .It Fl V  .It Fl V
430  Start up in the single-step debugger, paused.  Start up in the single-step debugger, paused.
431  .It Fl v  .It Fl v
432  Verbose debug messages.  Increase verbosity (show more debug messages). This option can be used
433    multiple times.
434  .El  .El
435  .Pp  .Pp
436  Configuration file startup:  Configuration file startup:
# Line 283  subdirectory of the Line 446  subdirectory of the
446  distribution.  distribution.
447  .Sh EXAMPLES  .Sh EXAMPLES
448  The following command will start NetBSD/pmax on an emulated DECstation  The following command will start NetBSD/pmax on an emulated DECstation
449  5000/200 (3MAX), with the old bintrans system enabled:  5000/200 (3MAX):
450  .Pp  .Pp
451  .Dl "gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d netbsddisk.img"  .Dl "gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img"
452  .Pp  .Pp
453  netbsddisk.img should be a raw disk image containing a bootable  nbsd_pmax.img should be a raw disk image containing a bootable
454  NetBSD/pmax filesystem.  NetBSD/pmax filesystem.
455  .Pp  .Pp
456  The following command will start an emulation session based on settings in  The following command will start an emulation session based on settings in
# Line 303  emulated test machine in "paused" mode: Line 466  emulated test machine in "paused" mode:
466  .Pp  .Pp
467  .Dl "gxemul -E testmips -V hello_mips"  .Dl "gxemul -E testmips -V hello_mips"
468  .Pp  .Pp
469  (Paused mode means that you enter the interactive single-step debugger  Paused mode means that you enter the interactive single-step debugger
470  directly at startup, instead of launching the Hello World program.)  directly at startup, instead of launching the Hello World program.
471    .Pp
472    The paused mode is also what should be used when running "unknown" files
473    for the first time in the emulator. E.g. if you have a binary which you
474    think is some kind of MIPS ROM image, then you can try the following:
475    .Pp
476    .Dl "gxemul -vv -E baremips -V 0xbfc00000:image.raw"
477    .Pp
478    You can then use the single-stepping functionality of the built-in
479    debugger to run the code in the ROM image, to see how it behaves. Based on
480    that, you can deduce what machine type it was actually from (the
481    baremips machine is not a real machine), and perhaps try again with
482    another emulation mode.
483    .Pp
484    In general, however, real ROM images require much more emulation detail
485    than GXemul provides, so they can usually not run.
486  .Pp  .Pp
487  Please read the documentation for more details.  Please read the documentation for more details.
488  .Sh BUGS  .Sh BUGS
489  There are many bugs. Some of the known bugs are listed in the BUGS  There are many bugs. Some of the known bugs are mentioned in the TODO
490  file in the  file in the
491  .Nm  .Nm
492  source distribution, some are indirectly mentioned in the TODO file.  source distribution, some are marked as TODO in the source code itself.
493  .Pp  .Pp
494  There is no new bintrans system in this release (0.3.1), so you will  Userland (syscall-only) emulation, i.e. running a userland binary directly
495  need to add  without simulating an entire machine, doesn't really work yet.
496  .Fl b  .Pp
497  to select the old bintrans system, if you want speed.  .Nm
498    is in general not cycle-accurate; it does not simulate individual
499    pipe-line stages or penalties caused by branch-prediction misses or
500    cache misses, so it cannot be used for accurate simulation of any actual
501    real-world processor.
502  .Pp  .Pp
503  .Nm  .Nm
504  does not simulate individual pipe-line stages or penalties caused by  is in general not timing-accurate. Some emulation modes
505  branch-prediction misses, so it cannot be used for accurate performance  (DECstation, CATS, NetWinder, MobilePro (hpcmips), Malta (evbmips),
506  measurement.  Cobalt, Algor, Dreamcast, PICA-61, and IQ80321) try to make the guest
507    operating system's clock run at the same speed as the host clock.
508    However, the number of instructions executed per clock tick can
509    obviously vary, depending on the current CPU load on the host.
510  .Sh AUTHOR  .Sh AUTHOR
511  Anders Gavare <anders@gavare.se>  GXemul is Copyright (C) 2003-2007 Anders Gavare <anders@gavare.se>
512  .Pp  .Pp
513  See http://gavare.se/gxemul/ for more information.  See http://gavare.se/gxemul/ for more information. For other Copyright
514    messages, see the corresponding parts of the source code and/or
515    documentation.
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