/[gxemul]/trunk/doc/networking.html
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Revision 34 - (show annotations)
Mon Oct 8 16:21:17 2007 UTC (16 years, 6 months ago) by dpavlin
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++ trunk/HISTORY	(local)
$Id: HISTORY,v 1.1480 2007/02/19 01:34:42 debug Exp $
20061029	Changing usleep(1) calls in the debugger to usleep(10000)
20061107	Adding a new disk image option (-d o...) which sets the ISO9660
		filesystem base offset; also making some other hacks to allow
		NetBSD/dreamcast and homebrew demos/games to boot directly
		from a filesystem image.
		Moving Dreamcast-specific stuff in the documentation to its
		own page (dreamcast.html).
		Adding a border to the Dreamcast PVR framebuffer.
20061108	Adding a -T command line option (again?), for halting the
		emulator on unimplemented memory accesses.
20061109	Continuing on various SH4 and Dreamcast related things.
		The emulator should now halt on more unimplemented device
		accesses, instead of just printing a warning, forcing me to
		actually implement missing stuff :)
20061111	Continuing on SH4 and Dreamcast stuff.
		Adding a bogus Landisk (SH4) machine mode.
20061112	Implementing some parts of the Dreamcast GDROM device. With
		some ugly hacks, NetBSD can (barely) mount an ISO image.
20061113	NetBSD/dreamcast now starts booting from the Live CD image,
		but crashes randomly quite early on in the boot process.
20061122	Beginning on a skeleton interrupt.h and interrupt.c for the
		new interrupt subsystem.
20061124	Continuing on the new interrupt system; taking the first steps
		to attempt to connect CPUs (SuperH and MIPS) and devices
		(dev_cons and SH4 timer interrupts) to it. Many things will
		probably break from now on.
20061125	Converting dev_ns16550, dev_8253 to the new interrupt system.
		Attempting to begin to convert the ISA bus.
20061130	Incorporating a patch from Brian Foley for the configure
		script, which checks for X11 libs in /usr/X11R6/lib64 (which
		is used on some Linux systems).
20061227	Adding a note in the man page about booting from Dreamcast
		CDROM images (i.e. that no external kernel is needed).
20061229	Continuing on the interrupt system rewrite: beginning to
		convert more devices, adding abort() calls for legacy interrupt
		system calls so that everything now _has_ to be rewritten!
		Almost all machine modes are now completely broken.
20061230	More progress on removing old interrupt code, mostly related
		to the ISA bus + devices, the LCA bus (on AlphaBook1), and
		the Footbridge bus (for CATS). And some minor PCI stuff.
		Connecting the ARM cpu to the new interrupt system.
		The CATS, NetWinder, and QEMU_MIPS machine modes now work with
		the new interrupt system :)
20061231	Connecting PowerPC CPUs to the new interrupt system.
		Making PReP machines (IBM 6050) work again.
		Beginning to convert the GT PCI controller (for e.g. Malta
		and Cobalt emulation). Some things work, but not everything.
		Updating Copyright notices for 2007.
20070101	Converting dev_kn02 from legacy style to devinit; the 3max
		machine mode now works with the new interrupt system :-]
20070105	Beginning to convert the SGI O2 machine to the new interrupt
		system; finally converting O2 (IP32) devices to devinit, etc.
20070106	Continuing on the interrupt system redesign/rewrite; KN01
		(PMAX), KN230, and Dreamcast ASIC interrupts should work again,
		moving out stuff from machine.h and devices.h into the
		corresponding devices, beginning the rewrite of i80321
		interrupts, etc.
20070107	Beginning on the rewrite of Eagle interrupt stuff (PReP, etc).
20070117	Beginning the rewrite of Algor (V3) interrupts (finally
		changing dev_v3 into devinit style).
20070118	Removing the "bus" registry concept from machine.h, because
		it was practically meaningless.
		Continuing on the rewrite of Algor V3 ISA interrupts.
20070121	More work on Algor interrupts; they are now working again,
		well enough to run NetBSD/algor. :-)
20070122	Converting VR41xx (HPCmips) interrupts. NetBSD/hpcmips
		can be installed using the new interrupt system :-)
20070123	Making the testmips mode work with the new interrupt system.
20070127	Beginning to convert DEC5800 devices to devinit, and to the
		new interrupt system.
		Converting Playstation 2 devices to devinit, and converting
		the interrupt system. Also fixing a severe bug: the interrupt
		mask register on Playstation 2 is bitwise _toggled_ on writes.
20070128	Removing the dummy NetGear machine mode and the 8250 device
		(which was only used by the NetGear machine).
		Beginning to convert the MacPPC GC (Grand Central) interrupt
		controller to the new interrupt system.
		Converting Jazz interrupts (PICA61 etc.) to the new interrupt
		system. NetBSD/arc can be installed again :-)
		Fixing the JAZZ timer (hardcoding it at 100 Hz, works with
		NetBSD and it is better than a completely dummy timer as it
		was before).
		Converting dev_mp to the new interrupt system, although I
		haven't had time to actually test it yet.
		Completely removing src/machines/interrupts.c, cpu_interrupt
		and cpu_interrupt_ack in src/cpu.c, and
		src/include/machine_interrupts.h! Adding fatal error messages
		+ abort() in the few places that are left to fix.
		Converting dev_z8530 to the new interrupt system.
		FINALLY removing the md_int struct completely from the
		machine struct.
		SH4 fixes (adding a PADDR invalidation in the ITLB replacement
		code in memory_sh.c); the NetBSD/dreamcast LiveCD now runs
		all the way to the login prompt, and can be interacted with :-)
		Converting the CPC700 controller (PCI and interrupt controller
		for PM/PPC) to the new interrupt system.
20070129	Fixing MACE ISA interrupts (SGI IP32 emulation). Both NetBSD/
		sgimips' and OpenBSD/sgi's ramdisk kernels can now be
		interacted with again.
20070130	Moving out the MIPS multi_lw and _sw instruction combinations
		so that they are auto-generated at compile time instead.
20070131	Adding detection of amd64/x86_64 hosts in the configure script,
		for doing initial experiments (again :-) with native code
		generation.
		Adding a -k command line option to set the size of the dyntrans
		cache, and a -B command line option to disable native code
		generation, even if GXemul was compiled with support for
		native code generation for the specific host CPU architecture.
20070201	Experimenting with a skeleton for native code generation.
		Changing the default behaviour, so that native code generation
		is now disabled by default, and has to be enabled by using
		-b on the command line.
20070202	Continuing the native code generation experiments.
		Making PCI interrupts work for Footbridge again.
20070203	More native code generation experiments.
		Removing most of the native code generation experimental code,
		it does not make sense to include any quick hacks like this.
		Minor cleanup/removal of some more legacy MIPS interrupt code.
20070204	Making i80321 interrupts work again (for NetBSD/evbarm etc.),
		and fixing the timer at 100 Hz.
20070206	Experimenting with removing the wdc interrupt slowness hack.
20070207	Lowering the number of dyntrans TLB entries for MIPS from
		192 to 128, resulting in a minor speed improvement.
		Minor optimization to the code invalidation routine in
		cpu_dyntrans.c.
20070208	Increasing (experimentally) the nr of dyntrans instructions per
		loop from 60 to 120.
20070210	Commenting out (experimentally) the dyntrans_device_danger
		detection in memory_rw.c.
		Changing the testmips and baremips machines to use a revision 2
		MIPS64 CPU by default, instead of revision 1.
		Removing the dummy i960, IA64, x86, AVR32, and HP PA-RISC
		files, the PC bios emulation, and the Olivetti M700 (ARC) and
		db64360 emulation modes.
20070211	Adding an "mp" demo to the demos directory, which tests the
		SMP functionality of the testmips machine.
		Fixing PReP interrupts some more. NetBSD/prep now boots again.
20070216	Adding a "nop workaround" for booting Mach/PMAX to the
		documentation; thanks to Artur Bujdoso for the values.
		Converting more of the MacPPC interrupt stuff to the new
		system.
		Beginning to convert BeBox interrupts to the new system.
		PPC603e should NOT have the PPC_NO_DEC flag! Removing it.
		Correcting BeBox clock speed (it was set to 100 in the NetBSD
		bootinfo block, but should be 33000000/4), allowing NetBSD
		to start without using the (incorrect) PPC_NO_DEC hack.
20070217	Implementing (slow) AltiVec vector loads and stores, allowing
		NetBSD/macppc to finally boot using the GENERIC kernel :-)
		Updating the documentation with install instructions for
		NetBSD/macppc.
20070218-19	Regression testing for the release.

==============  RELEASE 0.4.4  ==============


1 <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Networking</title>
2 <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
3 <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
4 <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5 <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6 <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7 <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
8 <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Networking</b>
9 </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
10
11 <!--
12
13 $Id: networking.html,v 1.4 2006/12/30 13:30:51 debug Exp $
14
15 Copyright (C) 2003-2007 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved.
16
17 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
19
20 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
24 documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
25 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
26 derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
27
28 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31 ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32 FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33 DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34 OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36 LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37 OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38 SUCH DAMAGE.
39
40 -->
41
42
43 <a href="./">Back to the index</a>
44
45 <p><br>
46 <h2>Networking</h2>
47
48 <p>
49 <ul>
50 <li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a>
51 <li><a href="#multihost">Network across multiple hosts</a>
52 <li><a href="#direct_example_1">Direct-access example 1: udp_snoop</a>
53 </ul>
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61 <p><br>
62 <a name="intro"></a>
63 <h3>Introduction:</h3>
64
65 GXemul's current networking layer supports two modes:
66
67 <p><ol>
68 <li>A NAT-like layer, which allows guest OSes to access the outside
69 internet world (IPv4 only, so far). When only one machine is being
70 emulated, the following default values apply to the guest OS:<pre>
71 IPv4 address: 10.0.0.1
72 Netmask: 255.0.0.0
73 Gateway / default route: 10.0.0.254
74 Nameserver: 10.0.0.254
75 </pre>To the outside world, it will seem as if the host is doing all the
76 networking, since the emulator is just a normal user process
77 on the host.
78 <p>
79 <li>A direct-access layer, allowing external tools to read/write raw
80 ethernet packages from/to the emulator.
81 </ol>
82
83 <p><i>NOTE:</i> Both these modes have problems. The NAT-like layer is very
84 "hackish" and was only meant as a proof-of-concept, to see if networking
85 like this would work with e.g. NetBSD as a guest OS. (If you are
86 interested in the technical details, and the reasons why NAT networking is
87 implemented this way, you might want to read the <a
88 href="technical.html#net"> networking section in the technical
89 documentation</a>.) Because of the obvious limitations with the NAT
90 approach, I have also included support for direct packet access, but this
91 is not designed for security or anything like that.
92
93 <p><font color="#ff0000">Use the networking features at your own risk.
94 </font>
95
96
97 <p>The emulated machine must of course have a NIC which is emulated
98 sufficiently. At the moment, the following NICs should work:
99 <ul>
100 <li><tt><b>ether</b></tt>, the "fake" experimental ethernet device
101 (documented <a href="experiments.html#expdevices_ether">here</a>)
102 <li><tt><b>le</b></tt>, Turbochannel Lance Ethernet, as used in
103 DECstation 5000/200 ("3max")
104 <li><tt><b>mec</b></tt>, the SGI O2's ethernet controller
105 <li><tt><b>dec21143</b></tt>, Digital's 21143 NIC (known as <tt>dc</tt>
106 in OpenBSD, or <tt>tlp</tt> in NetBSD)
107 </ul>
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115 <p><br>
116 <a name="multihost"></a>
117 <h3>Network across multiple hosts:</h3>
118
119 <p>The way to emulate a network of multiple emulated machines, whether
120 they are actually running on the same physical host, or on multiple hosts,
121 is to use <a href="configfiles.html">configuration files</a>, and the
122 "direct-access" method of networking.
123
124 <p>Although it <i>is</i> possible to have more than one machine per
125 configuration file, I strongly recommend against it. Please use one
126 configuration file for one emulated machine.
127
128 <p>Here is a simple example:
129
130 <p><table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td width="40">&nbsp;</td>
131 <td><pre>
132 <font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for a
133 ! "client" machine, netbooting
134 ! of another machine.</font>
135
136 <b>net(</b>
137 <b>local_port(15000)</b>
138 <b>add_remote(<font color="#ff003f">"localhost:15001"</font>)</b>
139 <b>)</b>
140 <b>machine(</b>
141 <b>name(<font color="#ff003f">"client machine"</font>)</b>
142 <b>serial_nr(1)</b> <font color="#2020cf">! 10.0.0.1</font>
143
144 <b>type(<font color="#ff003f">"sgi"</font>)</b>
145 <b>subtype(<font color="#ff003f">"o2"</font>)</b>
146 <b>load(<font color="#ff003f">"netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz"</font>)</b>
147 <b>)</b>
148 </pre></td><td width="20">&nbsp;</td><td><pre>
149 <font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for the
150 ! "server" machine.</font>
151
152 <b>net(</b>
153 <b>local_port(15001)</b>
154 <b>add_remote(<font color="#ff003f">"localhost:15000"</font>)</b>
155 <b>)</b>
156 <b>machine(</b>
157 <b>name(<font color="#ff003f">"nfs server"</font>)</b>
158 <b>serial_nr(2)</b> <font color="#2020cf">! 10.0.0.2</font>
159
160 <b>type(<font color="#ff003f">"dec"</font>)</b>
161 <b>subtype(<font color="#ff003f">"3max"</font>)</b>
162 <b>disk(<font color="#ff003f">"nbsd_pmax.img"</font>)</b>
163 <b>)</b>
164 </pre></td><td width="20">&nbsp;</td></tr></table>
165
166 <p>This example creates a network using the default settings (10.0.0.0/8),
167 but it also uses the direct-access networking mode to allow the network
168 to be connected to other emulator instances. <tt>local_port(15000)</tt>
169 means that anything coming in to UDP port 15000 on the host is added to
170 the network. All ethernet packets on the network are also sent out to all
171 other connected machines (those added with <tt>add_remote()</tt>).
172
173 <p>As you can see in the example, this is a configuration file for
174 netbooting a NetBSD/sgimips diskless machine, with a NetBSD/pmax machine
175 acting as the nfs server. Note that the nfs server has ports 15000 and
176 15001 reversed, compared to the client!
177
178 <p>"<tt>localhost</tt>" can be changed to the Internet hostname of a
179 remote machine, to run the simulation across a physical network.
180
181 <p><font color="#ff0000"><b>NOTE:</b> There is no error checking or
182 security checking of any kind. All UDP packets arriving at the input port
183 are added to the emulated ethernet. This is not very good of course; use
184 this feature at your own risk.</font>
185
186
187
188
189
190 <p><br>
191 <a name="direct_example_1"></a>
192 <h3>Direct-access example 1: udp_snoop:</h3>
193
194 The most basic example of how the simple direct-access system works is a small
195 program in the <tt>experiments/</tt> directory, <tt>udp_snoop</tt>, which simply
196 dumps incoming UDP packets to the terminal, in hex and ASCII.
197
198 <p>The easiest way to test the example is to download a <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">
199 NetBSD/pmax INSTALL kernel</a>, and start the emulator with a configuration file
200 looking something like this:
201
202 <pre>
203 net(
204 add_remote("localhost:12300")
205 )
206
207 machine(
208 subtype(3max)
209 load("netbsd-INSTALL.gz")
210 )
211 </pre>
212
213 <p>In addition to the machine section, you can see that there is also a
214 <tt>net()</tt> section. It defaults to emulating a 10.0.0.0/8 IPv4 NATed
215 network, but there is also an additional "raw output", to UDP port 12300.
216
217 <p>Now, do the following:
218 <ul>
219 <li>Start the emulator with the configuration file, i.e.
220 <tt><b>gxemul @testconfig</b></tt>.
221 <li>Start <tt><b>udp_snoop 12300</b></tt> in another terminal.
222 <li>Inside emulated NetBSD/pmax, type <tt><b>ifconfig le0 10.0.0.1</b></tt>.
223 </ul>
224
225 <p>This should be enough to see broadcast messages from the guest OS which
226 are not directed to the gateway. It might look like this:
227
228 <pre>
229 $ ./udp_snoop 12300
230 ff ff ff ff ff ff 10 20 30 00 00 10 08 06 00 01 ....... 0.......
231 08 00 06 04 00 01 10 20 30 00 00 10 0a 00 00 02 ....... 0.......
232 00 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
233 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ............
234
235 33 33 ff 00 00 10 10 20 30 00 00 10 86 dd 60 00 33..... 0.....`.
236 00 00 00 20 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ... ............
237 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
238 00 01 ff 00 00 10 3a 00 01 00 05 02 00 00 83 00 ......:.........
239 80 83 00 00 00 00 ff 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
240 00 01 ff 00 00 10 ......
241 ...
242 </pre>
243
244
245
246
247 </p>
248
249 </body>
250 </html>
251
252

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