/[gxemul]/trunk/doc/networking.html
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++ trunk/HISTORY	(local)
$Id: HISTORY,v 1.1613 2007/06/15 20:11:26 debug Exp $
20070501	Continuing a little on m88k disassembly (control registers,
		more instructions).
		Adding a dummy mvme88k machine mode.
20070502	Re-adding MIPS load/store alignment exceptions.
20070503	Implementing more of the M88K disassembly code.
20070504	Adding disassembly of some more M88K load/store instructions.
		Implementing some relatively simple M88K instructions (br.n,
		xor[.u] imm, and[.u] imm).
20070505	Implementing M88K three-register and, or, xor, and jmp[.n],
		bsr[.n] including function call trace stuff.
		Applying a patch from Bruce M. Simpson which implements the
		SYSCON_BOARD_CPU_CLOCK_FREQ_ID object of the syscon call in
		the yamon PROM emulation.
20070506	Implementing M88K bb0[.n] and bb1[.n], and skeletons for
		ldcr and stcr (although no control regs are implemented yet).
20070509	Found and fixed the bug which caused Linux for QEMU_MIPS to
		stop working in 0.4.5.1: It was a faulty change to the MIPS
		'sc' and 'scd' instructions I made while going through gcc -W
		warnings on 20070428.
20070510	Updating the Linux/QEMU_MIPS section in guestoses.html to
		use mips-test-0.2.tar.gz instead of 0.1.
		A big thank you to Miod Vallat for sending me M88K manuals.
		Implementing more M88K instructions (addu, subu, div[u], mulu,
		ext[u], clr, set, cmp).
20070511	Fixing bugs in the M88K "and" and "and.u" instructions (found
		by comparing against the manual).
		Implementing more M88K instructions (mask[.u], mak, bcnd (auto-
		generated)) and some more control register details.
		Cleanup: Removing the experimental AVR emulation mode and
		corresponding devices; AVR emulation wasn't really meaningful.
		Implementing autogeneration of most M88K loads/stores. The
		rectangle drawing demo (with -O0) for M88K runs :-)
		Beginning on M88K exception handling.
		More M88K instructions: tb0, tb1, rte, sub, jsr[.n].
		Adding some skeleton MVME PROM ("BUG") emulation.
20070512	Fixing a bug in the M88K cmp instruction.
		Adding the M88K lda (scaled register) instruction.
		Fixing bugs in 64-bit (32-bit pairs) M88K loads/stores.
		Removing the unused tick_hz stuff from the machine struct.
		Implementing the M88K xmem instruction. OpenBSD/mvme88k gets
		far enough to display the Copyright banner :-)
		Implementing subu.co (guess), addu.co, addu.ci, ff0, and ff1.
		Adding a dev_mvme187, for MVME187-specific devices/registers.
		OpenBSD/mvme88k prints more boot messages. :)
20070515	Continuing on MVME187 emulation (adding more devices, beginning
		on the CMMUs, etc).
		Adding the M88K and.c, xor.c, and or.c instructions, and making
		sure that mul, div, etc cause exceptions if executed when SFD1
		is disabled.
20070517	Continuing on M88K and MVME187 emulation in general; moving
		the CMMU registers to the CPU struct, separating dev_pcc2 from
		dev_mvme187, and beginning on memory_m88k.c (BATC and PATC).
		Fixing a bug in 64-bit (32-bit pairs) M88K fast stores.
		Implementing the clock part of dev_mk48txx.
		Implementing the M88K fstcr and xcr instructions.
		Implementing m88k_cpu_tlbdump().
		Beginning on the implementation of a separate address space
		for M88K .usr loads/stores.
20070520	Removing the non-working (skeleton) Sandpoint, SonyNEWS, SHARK
		Dnard, and Zaurus machine modes.
		Experimenting with dyntrans to_be_translated read-ahead. It
		seems to give a very small performance increase for MIPS
		emulation, but a large performance degradation for SuperH. Hm.
20070522	Disabling correct SuperH ITLB emulation; it does not seem to be
		necessary in order to let SH4 guest OSes run, and it slows down
		userspace code.
		Implementing "samepage" branches for SuperH emulation, and some
		other minor speed hacks.
20070525	Continuing on M88K memory-related stuff: exceptions, memory
		transaction register contents, etc.
		Implementing the M88K subu.ci instruction.
		Removing the non-working (skeleton) Iyonix machine mode.
		OpenBSD/mvme88k reaches userland :-), starts executing
		/sbin/init's instructions, and issues a few syscalls, before
		crashing.
20070526	Fixing bugs in dev_mk48txx, so that OpenBSD/mvme88k detects
		the correct time-of-day.
		Implementing a generic IRQ controller for the test machines
		(dev_irqc), similar to a proposed patch from Petr Stepan.
		Experimenting some more with translation read-ahead.
		Adding an "expect" script for automated OpenBSD/landisk
		install regression/performance tests.
20070527	Adding a dummy mmEye (SH3) machine mode skeleton.
		FINALLY found the strange M88K bug I have been hunting: I had
		not emulated the SNIP value for exceptions occurring in
		branch delay slots correctly.
		Implementing correct exceptions for 64-bit M88K loads/stores.
		Address to symbol lookups are now disabled when M88K is
		running in usermode (because usermode addresses don't have
		anything to do with supervisor addresses).
20070531	Removing the mmEye machine mode skeleton.
20070604	Some minor code cleanup.
20070605	Moving src/useremul.c into a subdir (src/useremul/), and
		cleaning up some more legacy constructs.
		Adding -Wstrict-aliasing and -fstrict-aliasing detection to
		the configure script.
20070606	Adding a check for broken GCC on Solaris to the configure
		script. (GCC 3.4.3 on Solaris cannot handle static variables
		which are initialized to 0 or NULL. :-/)
		Removing the old (non-working) ARC emulation modes: NEC RD94,
		R94, R96, and R98, and the last traces of Olivetti M700 and
		Deskstation Tyne.
		Removing the non-working skeleton WDSC device (dev_wdsc).
20070607	Thinking about how to use the host's cc + ld at runtime to
		generate native code. (See experiments/native_cc_ld_test.i
		for an example.)
20070608	Adding a program counter sampling timer, which could be useful
		for native code generation experiments.
		The KN02_CSR_NRMMOD bit in the DECstation 5000/200 (KN02) CSR
		should always be set, to allow a 5000/200 PROM to boot.
20070609	Moving out breakpoint details from the machine struct into
		a helper struct, and removing the limit on max nr of
		breakpoints.
20070610	Moving out tick functions into a helper struct as well (which
		also gets rid of the max limit).
20070612	FINALLY figured out why Debian/DECstation stopped working when
		translation read-ahead was enabled: in src/memory_rw.c, the
		call to invalidate_code_translation was made also if the
		memory access was an instruction load (if the page was mapped
		as writable); it shouldn't be called in that case.
20070613	Implementing some more MIPS32/64 revision 2 instructions: di,
		ei, ext, dext, dextm, dextu, and ins.
20070614	Implementing an instruction combination for the NetBSD/arm
		idle loop (making the host not use any cpu if NetBSD/arm
		inside the emulator is not using any cpu).
		Increasing the nr of ARM VPH entries from 128 to 384.
20070615	Removing the ENABLE_arch stuff from the configure script, so
		that all included architectures are included in both release
		and development builds.
		Moving memory related helper functions from misc.c to memory.c.
		Adding preliminary instructions for netbooting NetBSD/pmppc to
		guestoses.html; it doesn't work yet, there are weird timeouts.
		Beginning a total rewrite of the userland emulation modes
		(removing all emulation modes, beginning from scratch with
		NetBSD/MIPS and FreeBSD/Alpha only).
20070616	After fixing a bug in the DEC21143 NIC (the TDSTAT_OWN bit was
		only cleared for the last segment when transmitting, not all
		segments), NetBSD/pmppc boots with root-on-nfs without the
		timeouts. Updating guestoses.html.
		Removing the skeleton PSP (Playstation Portable) mode.
		Moving X11-related stuff in the machine struct into a helper
		struct.
		Cleanup of out-of-memory checks, to use a new CHECK_ALLOCATION
		macro (which prints a meaningful error message).
		Adding a COMMENT to each machine and device (for automagic
		.index comment generation).
		Doing regression testing for the next release.

==============  RELEASE 0.4.6  ==============


1 dpavlin 32 <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Networking</title>
2     <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
3     <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
4     <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5     <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6     <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7     <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
8     <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Networking</b>
9     </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
10    
11     <!--
12    
13 dpavlin 42 $Id: networking.html,v 1.5 2007/05/05 06:42:50 debug Exp $
14 dpavlin 32
15 dpavlin 34 Copyright (C) 2003-2007 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved.
16 dpavlin 32
17     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18     modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
19    
20     1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22     2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
24     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
25     3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
26     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
27    
28     THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29     ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30     IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31     ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32     FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33     DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34     OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35     HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36     LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37     OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38     SUCH DAMAGE.
39    
40     -->
41    
42    
43     <a href="./">Back to the index</a>
44    
45     <p><br>
46     <h2>Networking</h2>
47    
48     <p>
49     <ul>
50     <li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a>
51     <li><a href="#multihost">Network across multiple hosts</a>
52     <li><a href="#direct_example_1">Direct-access example 1: udp_snoop</a>
53     </ul>
54    
55    
56    
57    
58    
59    
60    
61     <p><br>
62     <a name="intro"></a>
63     <h3>Introduction:</h3>
64    
65     GXemul's current networking layer supports two modes:
66    
67     <p><ol>
68     <li>A NAT-like layer, which allows guest OSes to access the outside
69     internet world (IPv4 only, so far). When only one machine is being
70     emulated, the following default values apply to the guest OS:<pre>
71     IPv4 address: 10.0.0.1
72     Netmask: 255.0.0.0
73     Gateway / default route: 10.0.0.254
74     Nameserver: 10.0.0.254
75     </pre>To the outside world, it will seem as if the host is doing all the
76     networking, since the emulator is just a normal user process
77     on the host.
78     <p>
79     <li>A direct-access layer, allowing external tools to read/write raw
80     ethernet packages from/to the emulator.
81     </ol>
82    
83     <p><i>NOTE:</i> Both these modes have problems. The NAT-like layer is very
84     "hackish" and was only meant as a proof-of-concept, to see if networking
85     like this would work with e.g. NetBSD as a guest OS. (If you are
86     interested in the technical details, and the reasons why NAT networking is
87     implemented this way, you might want to read the <a
88     href="technical.html#net"> networking section in the technical
89     documentation</a>.) Because of the obvious limitations with the NAT
90     approach, I have also included support for direct packet access, but this
91     is not designed for security or anything like that.
92    
93     <p><font color="#ff0000">Use the networking features at your own risk.
94     </font>
95    
96    
97 dpavlin 42 <p>The emulated machine must have a NIC (network interface card). Not all
98     machines have this. At the moment, the following NICs are more or less
99     working:
100    
101 dpavlin 32 <ul>
102 dpavlin 42 <li><tt><b>dec21143</b></tt>, Digital's 21143 PCI NIC (known as <tt>dc</tt>
103     in OpenBSD, or <tt>tlp</tt> in NetBSD)
104 dpavlin 32 <li><tt><b>ether</b></tt>, the "fake" experimental ethernet device
105     (documented <a href="experiments.html#expdevices_ether">here</a>)
106     <li><tt><b>le</b></tt>, Turbochannel Lance Ethernet, as used in
107     DECstation 5000/200 ("3max")
108     <li><tt><b>mec</b></tt>, the SGI O2's ethernet controller
109     </ul>
110    
111 dpavlin 42 <p>It is not possible to simply attach any of the supported NICs into any
112     of the supported emulated machines. Some machines, for example, have a
113     specific NIC in them, others may have a PCI bus where a PCI NIC can be
114     used. This is very much machine-dependent.
115 dpavlin 32
116 dpavlin 42 <p>If you are impatient, and simply want to try out networking in GXemul,
117     I would recommend trying out an ftp install of <a
118     href="guestoses.html#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a>.
119 dpavlin 32
120    
121    
122    
123    
124 dpavlin 42
125    
126 dpavlin 32 <p><br>
127     <a name="multihost"></a>
128     <h3>Network across multiple hosts:</h3>
129    
130     <p>The way to emulate a network of multiple emulated machines, whether
131     they are actually running on the same physical host, or on multiple hosts,
132     is to use <a href="configfiles.html">configuration files</a>, and the
133     "direct-access" method of networking.
134    
135     <p>Although it <i>is</i> possible to have more than one machine per
136     configuration file, I strongly recommend against it. Please use one
137     configuration file for one emulated machine.
138    
139     <p>Here is a simple example:
140    
141     <p><table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td width="40">&nbsp;</td>
142     <td><pre>
143     <font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for a
144     ! "client" machine, netbooting
145     ! of another machine.</font>
146    
147     <b>net(</b>
148     <b>local_port(15000)</b>
149     <b>add_remote(<font color="#ff003f">"localhost:15001"</font>)</b>
150     <b>)</b>
151     <b>machine(</b>
152     <b>name(<font color="#ff003f">"client machine"</font>)</b>
153     <b>serial_nr(1)</b> <font color="#2020cf">! 10.0.0.1</font>
154    
155     <b>type(<font color="#ff003f">"sgi"</font>)</b>
156     <b>subtype(<font color="#ff003f">"o2"</font>)</b>
157     <b>load(<font color="#ff003f">"netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz"</font>)</b>
158     <b>)</b>
159     </pre></td><td width="20">&nbsp;</td><td><pre>
160     <font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for the
161     ! "server" machine.</font>
162    
163     <b>net(</b>
164     <b>local_port(15001)</b>
165     <b>add_remote(<font color="#ff003f">"localhost:15000"</font>)</b>
166     <b>)</b>
167     <b>machine(</b>
168     <b>name(<font color="#ff003f">"nfs server"</font>)</b>
169     <b>serial_nr(2)</b> <font color="#2020cf">! 10.0.0.2</font>
170    
171     <b>type(<font color="#ff003f">"dec"</font>)</b>
172     <b>subtype(<font color="#ff003f">"3max"</font>)</b>
173     <b>disk(<font color="#ff003f">"nbsd_pmax.img"</font>)</b>
174     <b>)</b>
175     </pre></td><td width="20">&nbsp;</td></tr></table>
176    
177     <p>This example creates a network using the default settings (10.0.0.0/8),
178     but it also uses the direct-access networking mode to allow the network
179     to be connected to other emulator instances. <tt>local_port(15000)</tt>
180     means that anything coming in to UDP port 15000 on the host is added to
181     the network. All ethernet packets on the network are also sent out to all
182     other connected machines (those added with <tt>add_remote()</tt>).
183    
184     <p>As you can see in the example, this is a configuration file for
185     netbooting a NetBSD/sgimips diskless machine, with a NetBSD/pmax machine
186     acting as the nfs server. Note that the nfs server has ports 15000 and
187     15001 reversed, compared to the client!
188    
189     <p>"<tt>localhost</tt>" can be changed to the Internet hostname of a
190     remote machine, to run the simulation across a physical network.
191    
192     <p><font color="#ff0000"><b>NOTE:</b> There is no error checking or
193     security checking of any kind. All UDP packets arriving at the input port
194     are added to the emulated ethernet. This is not very good of course; use
195     this feature at your own risk.</font>
196    
197    
198    
199    
200    
201     <p><br>
202     <a name="direct_example_1"></a>
203     <h3>Direct-access example 1: udp_snoop:</h3>
204    
205     The most basic example of how the simple direct-access system works is a small
206     program in the <tt>experiments/</tt> directory, <tt>udp_snoop</tt>, which simply
207     dumps incoming UDP packets to the terminal, in hex and ASCII.
208    
209     <p>The easiest way to test the example is to download a <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">
210     NetBSD/pmax INSTALL kernel</a>, and start the emulator with a configuration file
211     looking something like this:
212    
213     <pre>
214     net(
215     add_remote("localhost:12300")
216     )
217    
218     machine(
219     subtype(3max)
220     load("netbsd-INSTALL.gz")
221     )
222     </pre>
223    
224     <p>In addition to the machine section, you can see that there is also a
225     <tt>net()</tt> section. It defaults to emulating a 10.0.0.0/8 IPv4 NATed
226     network, but there is also an additional "raw output", to UDP port 12300.
227    
228     <p>Now, do the following:
229     <ul>
230     <li>Start the emulator with the configuration file, i.e.
231     <tt><b>gxemul @testconfig</b></tt>.
232     <li>Start <tt><b>udp_snoop 12300</b></tt> in another terminal.
233     <li>Inside emulated NetBSD/pmax, type <tt><b>ifconfig le0 10.0.0.1</b></tt>.
234     </ul>
235    
236     <p>This should be enough to see broadcast messages from the guest OS which
237     are not directed to the gateway. It might look like this:
238    
239     <pre>
240     $ ./udp_snoop 12300
241     ff ff ff ff ff ff 10 20 30 00 00 10 08 06 00 01 ....... 0.......
242     08 00 06 04 00 01 10 20 30 00 00 10 0a 00 00 02 ....... 0.......
243     00 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
244     00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ............
245    
246     33 33 ff 00 00 10 10 20 30 00 00 10 86 dd 60 00 33..... 0.....`.
247     00 00 00 20 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ... ............
248     00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
249     00 01 ff 00 00 10 3a 00 01 00 05 02 00 00 83 00 ......:.........
250     80 83 00 00 00 00 ff 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
251     00 01 ff 00 00 10 ......
252     ...
253     </pre>
254    
255    
256    
257    
258     </p>
259    
260     </body>
261     </html>
262    
263    

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