/[gxemul]/trunk/doc/networking.html
This is repository of my old source code which isn't updated any more. Go to git.rot13.org for current projects!
ViewVC logotype

Annotation of /trunk/doc/networking.html

Parent Directory Parent Directory | Revision Log Revision Log


Revision 34 - (hide annotations)
Mon Oct 8 16:21:17 2007 UTC (16 years, 6 months ago) by dpavlin
File MIME type: text/html
File size: 9248 byte(s)
++ trunk/HISTORY	(local)
$Id: HISTORY,v 1.1480 2007/02/19 01:34:42 debug Exp $
20061029	Changing usleep(1) calls in the debugger to usleep(10000)
20061107	Adding a new disk image option (-d o...) which sets the ISO9660
		filesystem base offset; also making some other hacks to allow
		NetBSD/dreamcast and homebrew demos/games to boot directly
		from a filesystem image.
		Moving Dreamcast-specific stuff in the documentation to its
		own page (dreamcast.html).
		Adding a border to the Dreamcast PVR framebuffer.
20061108	Adding a -T command line option (again?), for halting the
		emulator on unimplemented memory accesses.
20061109	Continuing on various SH4 and Dreamcast related things.
		The emulator should now halt on more unimplemented device
		accesses, instead of just printing a warning, forcing me to
		actually implement missing stuff :)
20061111	Continuing on SH4 and Dreamcast stuff.
		Adding a bogus Landisk (SH4) machine mode.
20061112	Implementing some parts of the Dreamcast GDROM device. With
		some ugly hacks, NetBSD can (barely) mount an ISO image.
20061113	NetBSD/dreamcast now starts booting from the Live CD image,
		but crashes randomly quite early on in the boot process.
20061122	Beginning on a skeleton interrupt.h and interrupt.c for the
		new interrupt subsystem.
20061124	Continuing on the new interrupt system; taking the first steps
		to attempt to connect CPUs (SuperH and MIPS) and devices
		(dev_cons and SH4 timer interrupts) to it. Many things will
		probably break from now on.
20061125	Converting dev_ns16550, dev_8253 to the new interrupt system.
		Attempting to begin to convert the ISA bus.
20061130	Incorporating a patch from Brian Foley for the configure
		script, which checks for X11 libs in /usr/X11R6/lib64 (which
		is used on some Linux systems).
20061227	Adding a note in the man page about booting from Dreamcast
		CDROM images (i.e. that no external kernel is needed).
20061229	Continuing on the interrupt system rewrite: beginning to
		convert more devices, adding abort() calls for legacy interrupt
		system calls so that everything now _has_ to be rewritten!
		Almost all machine modes are now completely broken.
20061230	More progress on removing old interrupt code, mostly related
		to the ISA bus + devices, the LCA bus (on AlphaBook1), and
		the Footbridge bus (for CATS). And some minor PCI stuff.
		Connecting the ARM cpu to the new interrupt system.
		The CATS, NetWinder, and QEMU_MIPS machine modes now work with
		the new interrupt system :)
20061231	Connecting PowerPC CPUs to the new interrupt system.
		Making PReP machines (IBM 6050) work again.
		Beginning to convert the GT PCI controller (for e.g. Malta
		and Cobalt emulation). Some things work, but not everything.
		Updating Copyright notices for 2007.
20070101	Converting dev_kn02 from legacy style to devinit; the 3max
		machine mode now works with the new interrupt system :-]
20070105	Beginning to convert the SGI O2 machine to the new interrupt
		system; finally converting O2 (IP32) devices to devinit, etc.
20070106	Continuing on the interrupt system redesign/rewrite; KN01
		(PMAX), KN230, and Dreamcast ASIC interrupts should work again,
		moving out stuff from machine.h and devices.h into the
		corresponding devices, beginning the rewrite of i80321
		interrupts, etc.
20070107	Beginning on the rewrite of Eagle interrupt stuff (PReP, etc).
20070117	Beginning the rewrite of Algor (V3) interrupts (finally
		changing dev_v3 into devinit style).
20070118	Removing the "bus" registry concept from machine.h, because
		it was practically meaningless.
		Continuing on the rewrite of Algor V3 ISA interrupts.
20070121	More work on Algor interrupts; they are now working again,
		well enough to run NetBSD/algor. :-)
20070122	Converting VR41xx (HPCmips) interrupts. NetBSD/hpcmips
		can be installed using the new interrupt system :-)
20070123	Making the testmips mode work with the new interrupt system.
20070127	Beginning to convert DEC5800 devices to devinit, and to the
		new interrupt system.
		Converting Playstation 2 devices to devinit, and converting
		the interrupt system. Also fixing a severe bug: the interrupt
		mask register on Playstation 2 is bitwise _toggled_ on writes.
20070128	Removing the dummy NetGear machine mode and the 8250 device
		(which was only used by the NetGear machine).
		Beginning to convert the MacPPC GC (Grand Central) interrupt
		controller to the new interrupt system.
		Converting Jazz interrupts (PICA61 etc.) to the new interrupt
		system. NetBSD/arc can be installed again :-)
		Fixing the JAZZ timer (hardcoding it at 100 Hz, works with
		NetBSD and it is better than a completely dummy timer as it
		was before).
		Converting dev_mp to the new interrupt system, although I
		haven't had time to actually test it yet.
		Completely removing src/machines/interrupts.c, cpu_interrupt
		and cpu_interrupt_ack in src/cpu.c, and
		src/include/machine_interrupts.h! Adding fatal error messages
		+ abort() in the few places that are left to fix.
		Converting dev_z8530 to the new interrupt system.
		FINALLY removing the md_int struct completely from the
		machine struct.
		SH4 fixes (adding a PADDR invalidation in the ITLB replacement
		code in memory_sh.c); the NetBSD/dreamcast LiveCD now runs
		all the way to the login prompt, and can be interacted with :-)
		Converting the CPC700 controller (PCI and interrupt controller
		for PM/PPC) to the new interrupt system.
20070129	Fixing MACE ISA interrupts (SGI IP32 emulation). Both NetBSD/
		sgimips' and OpenBSD/sgi's ramdisk kernels can now be
		interacted with again.
20070130	Moving out the MIPS multi_lw and _sw instruction combinations
		so that they are auto-generated at compile time instead.
20070131	Adding detection of amd64/x86_64 hosts in the configure script,
		for doing initial experiments (again :-) with native code
		generation.
		Adding a -k command line option to set the size of the dyntrans
		cache, and a -B command line option to disable native code
		generation, even if GXemul was compiled with support for
		native code generation for the specific host CPU architecture.
20070201	Experimenting with a skeleton for native code generation.
		Changing the default behaviour, so that native code generation
		is now disabled by default, and has to be enabled by using
		-b on the command line.
20070202	Continuing the native code generation experiments.
		Making PCI interrupts work for Footbridge again.
20070203	More native code generation experiments.
		Removing most of the native code generation experimental code,
		it does not make sense to include any quick hacks like this.
		Minor cleanup/removal of some more legacy MIPS interrupt code.
20070204	Making i80321 interrupts work again (for NetBSD/evbarm etc.),
		and fixing the timer at 100 Hz.
20070206	Experimenting with removing the wdc interrupt slowness hack.
20070207	Lowering the number of dyntrans TLB entries for MIPS from
		192 to 128, resulting in a minor speed improvement.
		Minor optimization to the code invalidation routine in
		cpu_dyntrans.c.
20070208	Increasing (experimentally) the nr of dyntrans instructions per
		loop from 60 to 120.
20070210	Commenting out (experimentally) the dyntrans_device_danger
		detection in memory_rw.c.
		Changing the testmips and baremips machines to use a revision 2
		MIPS64 CPU by default, instead of revision 1.
		Removing the dummy i960, IA64, x86, AVR32, and HP PA-RISC
		files, the PC bios emulation, and the Olivetti M700 (ARC) and
		db64360 emulation modes.
20070211	Adding an "mp" demo to the demos directory, which tests the
		SMP functionality of the testmips machine.
		Fixing PReP interrupts some more. NetBSD/prep now boots again.
20070216	Adding a "nop workaround" for booting Mach/PMAX to the
		documentation; thanks to Artur Bujdoso for the values.
		Converting more of the MacPPC interrupt stuff to the new
		system.
		Beginning to convert BeBox interrupts to the new system.
		PPC603e should NOT have the PPC_NO_DEC flag! Removing it.
		Correcting BeBox clock speed (it was set to 100 in the NetBSD
		bootinfo block, but should be 33000000/4), allowing NetBSD
		to start without using the (incorrect) PPC_NO_DEC hack.
20070217	Implementing (slow) AltiVec vector loads and stores, allowing
		NetBSD/macppc to finally boot using the GENERIC kernel :-)
		Updating the documentation with install instructions for
		NetBSD/macppc.
20070218-19	Regression testing for the release.

==============  RELEASE 0.4.4  ==============


1 dpavlin 32 <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Networking</title>
2     <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
3     <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
4     <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5     <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6     <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7     <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
8     <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Networking</b>
9     </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
10    
11     <!--
12    
13 dpavlin 34 $Id: networking.html,v 1.4 2006/12/30 13:30:51 debug Exp $
14 dpavlin 32
15 dpavlin 34 Copyright (C) 2003-2007 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved.
16 dpavlin 32
17     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18     modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
19    
20     1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22     2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
24     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
25     3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
26     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
27    
28     THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29     ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30     IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31     ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32     FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33     DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34     OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35     HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36     LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37     OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38     SUCH DAMAGE.
39    
40     -->
41    
42    
43     <a href="./">Back to the index</a>
44    
45     <p><br>
46     <h2>Networking</h2>
47    
48     <p>
49     <ul>
50     <li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a>
51     <li><a href="#multihost">Network across multiple hosts</a>
52     <li><a href="#direct_example_1">Direct-access example 1: udp_snoop</a>
53     </ul>
54    
55    
56    
57    
58    
59    
60    
61     <p><br>
62     <a name="intro"></a>
63     <h3>Introduction:</h3>
64    
65     GXemul's current networking layer supports two modes:
66    
67     <p><ol>
68     <li>A NAT-like layer, which allows guest OSes to access the outside
69     internet world (IPv4 only, so far). When only one machine is being
70     emulated, the following default values apply to the guest OS:<pre>
71     IPv4 address: 10.0.0.1
72     Netmask: 255.0.0.0
73     Gateway / default route: 10.0.0.254
74     Nameserver: 10.0.0.254
75     </pre>To the outside world, it will seem as if the host is doing all the
76     networking, since the emulator is just a normal user process
77     on the host.
78     <p>
79     <li>A direct-access layer, allowing external tools to read/write raw
80     ethernet packages from/to the emulator.
81     </ol>
82    
83     <p><i>NOTE:</i> Both these modes have problems. The NAT-like layer is very
84     "hackish" and was only meant as a proof-of-concept, to see if networking
85     like this would work with e.g. NetBSD as a guest OS. (If you are
86     interested in the technical details, and the reasons why NAT networking is
87     implemented this way, you might want to read the <a
88     href="technical.html#net"> networking section in the technical
89     documentation</a>.) Because of the obvious limitations with the NAT
90     approach, I have also included support for direct packet access, but this
91     is not designed for security or anything like that.
92    
93     <p><font color="#ff0000">Use the networking features at your own risk.
94     </font>
95    
96    
97     <p>The emulated machine must of course have a NIC which is emulated
98     sufficiently. At the moment, the following NICs should work:
99     <ul>
100     <li><tt><b>ether</b></tt>, the "fake" experimental ethernet device
101     (documented <a href="experiments.html#expdevices_ether">here</a>)
102     <li><tt><b>le</b></tt>, Turbochannel Lance Ethernet, as used in
103     DECstation 5000/200 ("3max")
104     <li><tt><b>mec</b></tt>, the SGI O2's ethernet controller
105     <li><tt><b>dec21143</b></tt>, Digital's 21143 NIC (known as <tt>dc</tt>
106     in OpenBSD, or <tt>tlp</tt> in NetBSD)
107     </ul>
108    
109    
110    
111    
112    
113    
114    
115     <p><br>
116     <a name="multihost"></a>
117     <h3>Network across multiple hosts:</h3>
118    
119     <p>The way to emulate a network of multiple emulated machines, whether
120     they are actually running on the same physical host, or on multiple hosts,
121     is to use <a href="configfiles.html">configuration files</a>, and the
122     "direct-access" method of networking.
123    
124     <p>Although it <i>is</i> possible to have more than one machine per
125     configuration file, I strongly recommend against it. Please use one
126     configuration file for one emulated machine.
127    
128     <p>Here is a simple example:
129    
130     <p><table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td width="40">&nbsp;</td>
131     <td><pre>
132     <font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for a
133     ! "client" machine, netbooting
134     ! of another machine.</font>
135    
136     <b>net(</b>
137     <b>local_port(15000)</b>
138     <b>add_remote(<font color="#ff003f">"localhost:15001"</font>)</b>
139     <b>)</b>
140     <b>machine(</b>
141     <b>name(<font color="#ff003f">"client machine"</font>)</b>
142     <b>serial_nr(1)</b> <font color="#2020cf">! 10.0.0.1</font>
143    
144     <b>type(<font color="#ff003f">"sgi"</font>)</b>
145     <b>subtype(<font color="#ff003f">"o2"</font>)</b>
146     <b>load(<font color="#ff003f">"netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz"</font>)</b>
147     <b>)</b>
148     </pre></td><td width="20">&nbsp;</td><td><pre>
149     <font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for the
150     ! "server" machine.</font>
151    
152     <b>net(</b>
153     <b>local_port(15001)</b>
154     <b>add_remote(<font color="#ff003f">"localhost:15000"</font>)</b>
155     <b>)</b>
156     <b>machine(</b>
157     <b>name(<font color="#ff003f">"nfs server"</font>)</b>
158     <b>serial_nr(2)</b> <font color="#2020cf">! 10.0.0.2</font>
159    
160     <b>type(<font color="#ff003f">"dec"</font>)</b>
161     <b>subtype(<font color="#ff003f">"3max"</font>)</b>
162     <b>disk(<font color="#ff003f">"nbsd_pmax.img"</font>)</b>
163     <b>)</b>
164     </pre></td><td width="20">&nbsp;</td></tr></table>
165    
166     <p>This example creates a network using the default settings (10.0.0.0/8),
167     but it also uses the direct-access networking mode to allow the network
168     to be connected to other emulator instances. <tt>local_port(15000)</tt>
169     means that anything coming in to UDP port 15000 on the host is added to
170     the network. All ethernet packets on the network are also sent out to all
171     other connected machines (those added with <tt>add_remote()</tt>).
172    
173     <p>As you can see in the example, this is a configuration file for
174     netbooting a NetBSD/sgimips diskless machine, with a NetBSD/pmax machine
175     acting as the nfs server. Note that the nfs server has ports 15000 and
176     15001 reversed, compared to the client!
177    
178     <p>"<tt>localhost</tt>" can be changed to the Internet hostname of a
179     remote machine, to run the simulation across a physical network.
180    
181     <p><font color="#ff0000"><b>NOTE:</b> There is no error checking or
182     security checking of any kind. All UDP packets arriving at the input port
183     are added to the emulated ethernet. This is not very good of course; use
184     this feature at your own risk.</font>
185    
186    
187    
188    
189    
190     <p><br>
191     <a name="direct_example_1"></a>
192     <h3>Direct-access example 1: udp_snoop:</h3>
193    
194     The most basic example of how the simple direct-access system works is a small
195     program in the <tt>experiments/</tt> directory, <tt>udp_snoop</tt>, which simply
196     dumps incoming UDP packets to the terminal, in hex and ASCII.
197    
198     <p>The easiest way to test the example is to download a <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">
199     NetBSD/pmax INSTALL kernel</a>, and start the emulator with a configuration file
200     looking something like this:
201    
202     <pre>
203     net(
204     add_remote("localhost:12300")
205     )
206    
207     machine(
208     subtype(3max)
209     load("netbsd-INSTALL.gz")
210     )
211     </pre>
212    
213     <p>In addition to the machine section, you can see that there is also a
214     <tt>net()</tt> section. It defaults to emulating a 10.0.0.0/8 IPv4 NATed
215     network, but there is also an additional "raw output", to UDP port 12300.
216    
217     <p>Now, do the following:
218     <ul>
219     <li>Start the emulator with the configuration file, i.e.
220     <tt><b>gxemul @testconfig</b></tt>.
221     <li>Start <tt><b>udp_snoop 12300</b></tt> in another terminal.
222     <li>Inside emulated NetBSD/pmax, type <tt><b>ifconfig le0 10.0.0.1</b></tt>.
223     </ul>
224    
225     <p>This should be enough to see broadcast messages from the guest OS which
226     are not directed to the gateway. It might look like this:
227    
228     <pre>
229     $ ./udp_snoop 12300
230     ff ff ff ff ff ff 10 20 30 00 00 10 08 06 00 01 ....... 0.......
231     08 00 06 04 00 01 10 20 30 00 00 10 0a 00 00 02 ....... 0.......
232     00 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
233     00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ............
234    
235     33 33 ff 00 00 10 10 20 30 00 00 10 86 dd 60 00 33..... 0.....`.
236     00 00 00 20 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ... ............
237     00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
238     00 01 ff 00 00 10 3a 00 01 00 05 02 00 00 83 00 ......:.........
239     80 83 00 00 00 00 ff 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
240     00 01 ff 00 00 10 ......
241     ...
242     </pre>
243    
244    
245    
246    
247     </p>
248    
249     </body>
250     </html>
251    
252    

  ViewVC Help
Powered by ViewVC 1.1.26