4 |
<table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr> |
<table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr> |
5 |
<td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr> |
<td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr> |
6 |
<td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6"> |
<td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6"> |
7 |
<b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br> |
<b>GXemul:</b></font> |
8 |
<font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Miscellaneous</b> |
<font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Miscellaneous</b> |
9 |
</font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p> |
</font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p> |
10 |
|
|
11 |
<!-- |
<!-- |
12 |
|
|
13 |
$Id: misc.html,v 1.70 2007/06/15 06:26:20 debug Exp $ |
$Id: misc.html,v 1.73 2007/06/23 16:59:35 debug Exp $ |
14 |
|
|
15 |
Copyright (C) 2003-2007 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved. |
Copyright (C) 2003-2007 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved. |
16 |
|
|
113 |
<p> |
<p> |
114 |
<li>Caches. There is no cache emulation in GXemul right now. Caches |
<li>Caches. There is no cache emulation in GXemul right now. Caches |
115 |
for R2000/R3000 are faked well enough to run NetBSD, Ultrix, etc |
for R2000/R3000 are faked well enough to run NetBSD, Ultrix, etc |
116 |
in the DECstation emulation mode, but other than that, cache |
in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECstation">DECstation</a> |
117 |
operations are treated as nops. |
emulation mode, but other than that, cache operations are treated as nops. |
118 |
</ul> |
</ul> |
119 |
|
|
120 |
<p>The bottom line is that GXemul can be useful as yet another way to test |
<p>The bottom line is that GXemul can be useful as yet another way to test |
139 |
then compile into object format, and then you need to link this |
then compile into object format, and then you need to link this |
140 |
into an executable image. This is much closer to how things work |
into an executable image. This is much closer to how things work |
141 |
in real life than running assembly language listings in a simulator |
in real life than running assembly language listings in a simulator |
142 |
(e.g. SPIM). |
(e.g. <a href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~larus/spim.html">SPIM</a>). |
143 |
<p> |
<p> |
144 |
<li><b>(-)</b> GXemul does not simulate out-of-order |
<li><b>(-)</b> GXemul does not simulate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-order_execution">out-of-order |
145 |
execution, penalties related to instruction scheduling, or |
execution</a>, penalties related to instruction scheduling, or |
146 |
load-delays, so it cannot be used to create optimizing compilers |
load-delays, so it cannot be used to create optimizing compilers |
147 |
that take advantage of such processor features. GXemul keeps |
that take advantage of such processor features. GXemul keeps |
148 |
track of the number of instructions executed, but that's it. |
track of the number of instructions executed, and that's it. |
149 |
</ul> |
</ul> |
150 |
|
|
151 |
|
|
162 |
to get a list of possible options. |
to get a list of possible options. |
163 |
|
|
164 |
<p> |
<p> |
165 |
Here are some examples. If you want to run a NetBSD/pmax kernel on an |
Here are some examples. If you want to run a <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a> |
166 |
emulated DECstation machine, you would use a command line such as this: |
kernel on an emulated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECstation">DECstation</a> |
167 |
|
machine, you would use a command line such as this: |
168 |
<pre> |
<pre> |
169 |
$ <b>gxemul -e 3max -d pmax_diskimage.fs netbsd-pmax-INSTALL</b> |
$ <b>gxemul -e 3max -d pmax_diskimage.fs netbsd-pmax-INSTALL</b> |
170 |
</pre> |
</pre> |
500 |
|
|
501 |
<p> |
<p> |
502 |
<h4>Dumping the PROM on a DECstation 5000/125:</h4> |
<h4>Dumping the PROM on a DECstation 5000/125:</h4> |
503 |
|
|
504 |
The image first needs to be extracted from the machine. There are |
The image first needs to be extracted from the machine. There are |
505 |
several ways to do this. |
several ways to do this. |
506 |
|
|
507 |
<ul> |
<ul> |
508 |
<li>Use hardware to read the PROM chip(s) directly. Not easy if you |
<li>Use hardware to read the PROM chip(s) directly. Not easy if you |
509 |
don't have such a hardware reader. |
don't have such a hardware reader. |
514 |
<li>Hook up a serial console and dump using the PROM's own dump |
<li>Hook up a serial console and dump using the PROM's own dump |
515 |
command. |
command. |
516 |
</ul> |
</ul> |
517 |
<p> |
|
518 |
The easiest way is to hook up a serial console. The terminal must be |
<p>The easiest way is to hook up a serial console. The terminal must be |
519 |
able to capture output to a file. |
able to capture output to a file. |
520 |
<p> |
|
521 |
These are approximately the commands that I used: |
<p>These are approximately the commands that I used: |
522 |
<pre> |
<pre> |
523 |
>><b>cnfg</b> <i>Show machine configuration</i> |
>><b>cnfg</b> <i>Show machine configuration</i> |
524 |
|
|
528 |
|
|
529 |
>><b>e -x 0xbfc00000:0xbfffffff</b> <i>Dump the PROM data</i> |
>><b>e -x 0xbfc00000:0xbfffffff</b> <i>Dump the PROM data</i> |
530 |
</pre> |
</pre> |
531 |
<p> |
|
532 |
Remember that DECstations are little endian, so if the dump data |
<p>Remember that DECstations are little endian, so if the dump data |
533 |
looks like this: |
looks like this: |
534 |
<pre> |
<pre> |
535 |
bfc00000: 0x0bf0007e |
bfc00000: 0x0bf0007e |
536 |
</pre> |
</pre> |
537 |
then the bytes in memory are actually 0x7e, 0x00, 0xf0, and 0x0b. |
then the bytes in memory are actually 0x7e, 0x00, 0xf0, and 0x0b. |
538 |
<p> |
|
539 |
At 9600 bps, about 10KB can be dumped per minute, so it takes a while. |
<p>At 9600 bps, about 10KB can be dumped per minute, so it takes a while. |
540 |
Once enough of the PROM has been dumped, you can press CTRL-C to break out. |
Once enough of the PROM has been dumped, you can press CTRL-C to break out. |
541 |
Then, restore the more environment variable: |
Then, restore the more environment variable: |
542 |
<pre> |
<pre> |
543 |
>><b>setenv more 24</b> |
>><b>setenv more 24</b> |
544 |
</pre> |
</pre> |
545 |
<p> |
|
546 |
Now, convert the data you just saved (little-endian words -> bytes), |
<p>Now, convert the data you just saved (little-endian words -> bytes), |
547 |
and store in a file. Let's call this file DECstation5000_125_promdump.bin. |
and store in a file. Let's call this file DECstation5000_125_promdump.bin. |
548 |
<pre> |
<pre> |
549 |
$ <b>decprom_dump_txt_to_bin DECstation5000_125_promdump.txt DECstation5000_125_promdump.bin</b> |
$ <b>decprom_dump_txt_to_bin DECstation5000_125_promdump.txt DECstation5000_125_promdump.bin</b> |
550 |
</pre> |
</pre> |
551 |
|
|
552 |
This binary image can now be used in the emulator: |
This binary image can now be used in the emulator: |
553 |
<pre> |
<pre> |
554 |
$ <b>gxemul -e 3min -Q -M128 -q 0xbfc00000:DECstation5000_125_promdump.bin</b> |
$ <b>gxemul -e 3min -Q -M128 -q 0xbfc00000:DECstation5000_125_promdump.bin</b> |