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1  <html>  <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction</title>
2  <head><title>GXemul documentation: Introduction</title>  <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
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3  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
4  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7  <b>GXemul documentation:</b></font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
8  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Introduction</b>  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Introduction</b>
9  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
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13  $Id: intro.html,v 1.40 2005/04/27 15:22:17 debug Exp $  $Id: intro.html,v 1.110 2007/04/28 00:12:03 debug Exp $
14    
15  Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.  Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
16    
17  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
# Line 48  SUCH DAMAGE. Line 45  SUCH DAMAGE.
45  <h2>Introduction</h2>  <h2>Introduction</h2>
46    
47  <p>  <p>
48    <table border="0" width="99%"><tr><td valign="top" align="left">
49  <ul>  <ul>
50    <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>    <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
51    <li><a href="#free">Is GXemul Free software?</a>    <li><a href="#free">Is GXemul Free software?</a>
52    <li><a href="#build">How to compile/build the emulator</a>    <li><a href="#build">How to compile/build the emulator</a>
53    <li><a href="#cpus">Which CPU types does GXemul emulate?</a>    <li><a href="#run">How to run the emulator</a>
54      <li><a href="#cpus">Which processor architectures does GXemul emulate?</a>
55      <li><a href="#hosts">Which host architectures are supported?</a>
56    <li><a href="#accuracy">Emulation accuracy</a>    <li><a href="#accuracy">Emulation accuracy</a>
57    <li><a href="#emulmodes">Which machines does GXemul emulate?</a>    <li><a href="#emulmodes">Which machines does GXemul emulate?</a>
   <li><a href="#guestos">Which guest OSes are possible to run?</a>  
58  </ul>  </ul>
59    </td><td valign="center" align="center">
60    <a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
61    <p>NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2 with X11<br>running in GXemul</td></tr></table>
62    
63    
64    
# Line 66  SUCH DAMAGE. Line 67  SUCH DAMAGE.
67  <a name="overview"></a>  <a name="overview"></a>
68  <h3>Overview:</h3>  <h3>Overview:</h3>
69    
70  GXemul is a machine emulator, which can be used to experiment with  GXemul is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. Several
71  binary code for (among others) MIPS-based machines. Several emulation  emulation modes are available. In some modes, processors and surrounding
 modes are available. For some emulation modes, processors and surrounding  
72  hardware components are emulated well enough to let unmodified operating  hardware components are emulated well enough to let unmodified operating
73  systems run as if they were running on a real machine.  systems (e.g. NetBSD) run as if they were running on a real machine.
74    
75  <p>  <p>Devices and processors are not simulated with 100% accuracy. They are
76  It is important to keep in mind that devices and CPUs are not simulated  only ``faked'' well enough to allow guest operating systems to run without
77  with 100% accuracy. They are only "faked" well enough to make operating  complaining too much. Still, the emulator could be of interest for
 systems (eg NetBSD) run. Still, the emulator could be of interest for  
78  academic research and experiments, such as when learning how to write  academic research and experiments, such as when learning how to write
79  operating system code.  operating system code.
80    
81  <p>  <p>The emulator is written in C, does not depend on third-party libraries,
82  The emulator is written in C, does not depend on external libraries (except  and should compile and run on most 64-bit and 32-bit Unix-like systems.
 X11, but that is optional), and should compile and run on most Unix-like  
 systems. If it doesn't, then that is a bug.  
 (You do not need any MIPS compiler toolchain to build or use GXemul.  
 If you need to compile MIPS binaries from sources, then of course you need  
 such a toolchain, but that is completely separate from GXemul. There  
 is a <a href="technical.html#regtest">regression testing</a> framework,  
 which requires that a GNU CC for mips64-unknown-elf or similar is available.  
 For simply building and using the emulator, it is not required.)  
83    
84  <p>  <p>The emulator contains code which tries to emulate the workings of CPUs
85  The emulator contains code which tries to emulate the workings of CPUs and  and surrounding hardware found in real machines, but it does not contain
86  surrounding hardware found in real machines, but it does not contain any  any ROM code. You will need some form of program (in binary form) to run
87  ROM code. You will need some form of program (in binary form) to run in  in the emulator. For many emulation modes, PROM calls are handled by the
 the emulator. For many emulation modes, PROM calls are handled by the  
88  emulator itself, so you do not need to use any ROM image at all.  emulator itself, so you do not need to use any ROM image at all.
89    
90  <p>  <p>You can use pre-compiled kernels (for example NetBSD kernels, or
91  You can use pre-compiled kernels (for example NetBSD kernels, or Linux),  Linux), or other programs that are in binary format, and in some cases
92  or other programs that are in binary format, and in some cases even actual  even actual ROM images. A couple of different file formats are supported
93  ROM images. A couple of different file formats are supported (ELF, a.out,  (ELF, a.out, ECOFF, SREC, and raw binaries).
94  ECOFF, SREC, raw binaries).  
95    <p>If you do not have a kernel as a separate file, but you have a bootable
96    disk image, then it is sometimes possible to boot directly from that
97    image. (This works for example with DECstation emulation, Dreamcast
98    emulation, or when booting from generic ISO9660 CDROM images if the
99    kernel is included in the image as a plain file.)
100    
101    <p>Thanks to (in no specific order) Joachim Buss, Olivier Houchard, Juli
102    Mallett, Juan Romero Pardines, Carl van Schaik, Alec Voropay, Göran
103    Weinholt, Alexander Yurchenko, and everyone else who has provided me with
104    feedback.
105    
106    
107    
108    
109    
# Line 111  ECOFF, SREC, raw binaries). Line 113  ECOFF, SREC, raw binaries).
113  <a name="free"></a>  <a name="free"></a>
114  <h3>Is GXemul Free software?</h3>  <h3>Is GXemul Free software?</h3>
115    
116  Yes. I have released GXemul under a Free license.  Yes. I have released GXemul under a Free license. The code in GXemul is
117  (For a definitions of the four freedoms associated with Free software,  Copyrighted software, it is <i>not</i> public domain. (If this is
118  please read <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">  confusing to you, you might want to read up on the definitions of the
119  http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)  four freedoms associated with Free software, <a
120    href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)
121  <p>  
122  The code in GXemul is Copyrighted software, it is <i>not</i> public  <p>The code I have written is released under a 3-clause BSD-style license
123  domain or anything like that.  (or "revised BSD-style" if one wants to use <a
124    href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/bsd.html">GNU jargon</a>). Apart from
125  <p>  the code I have written, some files are copied from other sources such as
126  The code I have written is released under a 3-clause BSD-style license  NetBSD, for example header files containing symbolic names of bitfields in
127  (or "revised BSD-style" if one wants to use  device registers. They are also covered by similar licenses, but with some
128  <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/bsd.html">GNU jargon</a>).  additional clauses. The main point, however, is that the licenses require
129  Apart from the code I have written, some files are copied from other sources  that the original Copyright and license terms are included when you make a
130  such as NetBSD, for example header files containing symbolic names of  copy or modification.
131  bitfields in device registers. They are also covered by similar licenses,  
132  but with some additional clauses. If you plan to redistribute GXemul  <p>If you plan to redistribute GXemul <i>without</i> supplying the source
133  (for example as a binary package), or reuse code from GXemul,  code, then you need to comply with each individual source file some other
134  then you should check those files for their license terms.  way, for example by writing additional documentation containing copyright
135    notes. I have not done this, since I do not plan on making distributions
136  <p>  without source code. You need to check all individual files for details.
137  (The licenses usually require that the original Copyright and license  The "easiest way out" if you plan to redistribute code from GXemul is, of
138  terms are included when you make a copy or modification. The "easiest way  course, to let it remain open source and simply supply the source code.
139  out" if you plan to redistribute code from GXemul is to simply supply  
140  the source code. You should however check individual files for details.)  <p>In case you want to reuse parts of GXemul, but you need to do that
141    under a different license (e.g. the GPL), then contact me and I might
142    re-license/dual-license files on a case-by-case basis.
143    
144    
145    
# Line 151  Uncompress the .tar.gz distribution file Line 155  Uncompress the .tar.gz distribution file
155          $ <b>make</b>          $ <b>make</b>
156  </pre>  </pre>
157    
158  <p>  <p>This should work on most Unix-like systems. GXemul does not require any
159  This should work on most Unix-like systems. If it doesn't, then  specific libraries to build, however, if you build on a system which does
160  mail me a bug report.  not have X11 libraries installed, some functionality will be lost.
161    
162  <p>  <p>The emulator's performance is highly dependent on both runtime settings
 (Note for Windows users: there is a possibility that some releases  
 and/or snapshots will also work with Cygwin, but I can't promise that.)  
   
 <p>  
 The emulator's performance is highly dependent on both runtime settings  
163  and on compiler settings, so you might want to experiment with different  and on compiler settings, so you might want to experiment with different
164  CC and CFLAGS environment variable values. For example, on a modern PC,  CC and CFLAGS environment variable values. For example, on an AMD Athlon
165  you could try the following:  host, you might want to try setting <tt>CFLAGS</tt> to <tt>-march=athlon</tt>
166  <p>  before running <tt>configure</tt>.
167  <pre>  
168          $ <b>CFLAGS="-mcpu=pentium4 -O3" ./configure</b>  
169          $ <b>make</b>  
170  </pre>  
171    
172    
173    
174    <p><br>
175    <a name="run"></a>
176    <h3>How to run the emulator:</h3>
177    
178    Once you have built GXemul, running it should be rather straight-forward.
179    Running <tt><b>gxemul</b></tt> without arguments (or with the
180    <b><tt>-h</tt></b> or <b><tt>-H</tt></b> command line options) will
181    display a help message.
182    
183  <p>  <p>
184  Run <b>./configure --help</b> to get a list of configure options. (The  To get some ideas about what is possible to run in the emulator, please
185  possible options differ between different releases and snapshots.)  read the section about <a href="guestoses.html">installing "guest"
186    operating systems</a>. If you are interested in using the emulator to
187    develop code on your own, then you should also read the section about
188    <a href="experiments.html#hello">Hello World</a>.
189    
190  <p>  <p>
 Once you have built GXemul, running it should be rather straight-forward.  
191  To exit the emulator, type CTRL-C to enter the  To exit the emulator, type CTRL-C to enter the
192  single-step debugger, and then type <b>quit</b>.  single-step debugger, and then type <tt><b>quit</b></tt>.
193    
194  <p>  <p>
195  If you are starting an emulation by entering settings directly on the  If you are starting an emulation by entering settings directly on the
196  command line, and you are not using the <b>-x</b> option, then all  command line, and you are not using the <tt><b>-x</b></tt> option, then all
197  terminal input and output will go to the main controlling terminal.  terminal input and output will go to the main controlling terminal.
198  CTRL-C is used to break into the debugger, so in order to send CTRL-C to  CTRL-C is used to break into the debugger, so in order to send CTRL-C to
199  the running (emulated) program, you may use CTRL-B.  the running (emulated) program, you may use CTRL-B.
200    (This should be a reasonable compromise to allow the emulator to be usable
201    even on systems without X Windows.)
202    
203  <p>  <p>
204  (This is an ugly hack; there is no way to send an actual CTRL-B to the  There is no way to send an actual CTRL-B to the emulated program, when
205  emulated program, when typing in the main controlling terminal window.  typing in the main controlling terminal window. The solution is to either
206  The solution is to either use configuration files, or use <b>-x</b>. Both  use <a href="configfiles.html">configuration files</a>, or use
207  these solutions cause new xterms to be opened for each emulated serial  <tt><b>-x</b></tt>. Both these solutions cause new xterms to be opened for
208  port. CTRL-B and CTRL-C both have their original meaning in those  each emulated serial port that is written to. CTRL-B and CTRL-C both have
209  xterm windows.)  their original meaning in those xterm windows.
   
210    
211    
212    
# Line 201  xterm windows.) Line 214  xterm windows.)
214    
215  <p><br>  <p><br>
216  <a name="cpus"></a>  <a name="cpus"></a>
217  <h3>Which CPU types does GXemul emulate?</h3>  <h3>Which processor architectures does GXemul emulate?</h3>
   
 <h4>MIPS:</h4>  
   
 Emulation of R4000, which is a 64-bit CPU, was my initial goal. Right  
 now, R2000/R3000-like CPUs are also emulated (32-bit), and emulation of  
 R1x000 (at least the parts that are similar to R4000) is beginning to work  
 as expected. Code targeted for MIPS32 and MIPS64 also often work.  
   
 <p>  
 I have written an experimental dynamic binary translation subsystem.  
 This gives higher total performance than interpreting one instruction at a  
 time and executing it. (If you wish to enable bintrans, add <b>-b</b> to  
 the command line, but keep in mind that it is still experimental.)  
218    
219    The architectures that are emulated well enough to let at least one
220    guest operating system run (per architecture) are ARM, MIPS, PowerPC,
221    and SuperH.
222    
223    <p>Please read the page about <a href="guestoses.html">guest operating
224    systems</a> for more information about the machines and operating systems
225    that can be considered "working" in the emulator.
226    
227    
 <h4>URISC:</h4>  
228    
 I have implemented an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URISC">URISC</a>  
 emulation mode, just for fun. The only instruction available in an URISC  
 machine is "reverse subtract and skip on borrow". (It is probably not  
 worth trying to do bintrans with URISC, because any reasonable URISC  
 program relies on self-modifying code, which is bad for bintrans  
 performance.)  
229    
230    
231    
232    <p><br>
233    <a name="hosts"></a>
234    <h3>Which host architectures are supported?</h3>
235    
236  <h4>Other CPU types:</h4>  GXemul should compile and run on any modern host architecture (64-bit or
237    32-bit word-length).
238    
239  There is some code for 64-bit (and 32-bit) POWER/PowerPC emulation too,  <p>Note: The <a href="translation.html">dynamic translation</a> engine
240  but it only works for "Hello World" and similarly trivial programs. (There  does <i>not</i> require backends for native code generation to be written
241  are some other CPU modes too, but they are working even less.)  for each individual host architecture; the intermediate representation
242    that the dyntrans system uses can be executed on any host architecture.
243    
244    
245    
# Line 244  are some other CPU modes too, but they a Line 249  are some other CPU modes too, but they a
249  <a name="accuracy"></a>  <a name="accuracy"></a>
250  <h3>Emulation accuracy:</h3>  <h3>Emulation accuracy:</h3>
251    
252  GXemul is an instruction-level simulator; things that would happen in  GXemul is an instruction-level emulator; things that would happen in
253  several steps within a real CPU are not taken into account (eg. pipe-line  several steps within a real CPU are not taken into account (e.g. pipe-line
254  stages or out-of-order execution). Still, instruction-level accuracy seems  stalls or out-of-order execution). Still, instruction-level accuracy seems
255  to be enough to be able to run complete guest operating systems inside the  to be enough to be able to run complete guest operating systems inside the
256  emulator.  emulator.
257    
258    <p>The existance of instruction and data caches is "faked" to let
259    operating systems think that they are there, but for all practical
260    purposes, these caches are non-working.
261    
262    <p>The emulator is in general <i>not</i> timing-accurate, neither at the
263    instruction level nor on any higher level. An attempt is made to let
264    emulated clocks run at the same speed as the host (i.e. an emulated timer
265    running at 100 Hz will interrupt around 100 times per real second), but
266    since the host speed may vary, e.g. because of other running processes,
267    there is no guarantee as to how many instructions will be executed in
268    each of these 100 Hz cycles.
269    
270    <p>If the host is very slow, the emulated clocks might even lag behind
271    the real-world clock.
272    
273    
274    
275    
276    
# Line 263  are emulated well enough to run at least Line 284  are emulated well enough to run at least
284    
285  <p>  <p>
286  <ul>  <ul>
287    <li><b>DECstation 5000/200</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;("3max")    <li><b><u>ARM</u></b>
288          <br>Serial controller (including keyboard and mouse), ethernet,    <ul>
289          SCSI, and graphical framebuffers.      <li><b>CATS</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdcatsinstall">NetBSD/cats</a>,
290            <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdcatsinstall">OpenBSD/cats</a>)
291        <li><b>IQ80321</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdevbarminstall">NetBSD/evbarm</a>)
292        <li><b>NetWinder</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdnetwinderinstall">NetBSD/netwinder</a>)
293      </ul>
294    <p>    <p>
295    <li><b>Acer Pica-61</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;(an ARC machine)    <li><b><u>MIPS</u></b>
296          <br>Serial controller, "VGA" text console, and SCSI.    <ul>
297        <li><b>DECstation 5000/200</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a>,
298            <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdpmaxinstall">OpenBSD/pmax</a>,
299            <a href="guestoses.html#ultrixinstall">Ultrix</a>,
300            <a href="guestoses.html#declinux">Linux/DECstation</a>,
301            <a href="guestoses.html#sprite">Sprite</a>)
302        <li><b>Acer Pica-61</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc</a>)
303        <li><b>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, 880</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>)
304        <li><b>Cobalt</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt</a>)
305        <li><b>Malta</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>, Linux/Malta <font color="#0000e0">(<super>*1</super>)</font>)
306        <li><b>Algorithmics P5064</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdalgorinstall">NetBSD/algor</a>)
307        <li><b>SGI O2 (aka IP32)</b> <font color="#0000e0">(<super>*2</super>)</font>
308            (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgi</a>)
309      </ul>
310    <p>    <p>
311    <li><b>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, and 880</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;(HPCmips machines)    <li><b><u>PowerPC</u></b>
312          <br>Framebuffer, keyboard, and a PCMCIA IDE controller.    <ul>
313        <li><b>IBM 6050/6070 (PReP, PowerPC Reference Platform)</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdprepinstall">NetBSD/prep</a>)
314        <li><b>MacPPC (generic "G4" Macintosh)</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#netbsdmacppcinstall">NetBSD/macppc</a>)
315      </ul>
316    <p>    <p>
317    <li><b>Cobalt</b>    <li><b><u>SuperH</u></b>
318          <br>Serial controller and PCI IDE.    <ul>
319        <li><b>Sega Dreamcast</b> (<a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">NetBSD/dreamcast</a>, <a href="dreamcast.html#linux_live_cd">Linux/dreamcast</a>)
320        <li><b>Landisk</b> (<a href="guestoses.html#openbsdlandiskinstall">OpenBSD/landisk</a>)
321      </ul>
322  </ul>  </ul>
323    
324  <p>  <p>
325  There is code in GXemul for emulation of many other machine types;  <small><font color="#0000e0">(<super>*1</super>)</font> =
326  the degree to which these work range from "almost" being able to run  Linux/Malta may be run as a guest OS, however I have not yet found any stable
327  a complete OS, to almost completely unsupported (perhaps just enough  URL to pre-compiled Linux/Malta kernels. Thus, Linux/Malta emulation is not
328  support to output a few boot messages via serial console).  tested for every release of the emulator; sometimes it works, sometimes
329    it doesn't.</small>
330  <p>  
331  In addition to emulating real machines, there is also a "test-machine".  <br><small><font color="#0000e0">(<super>*2</super>)</font> =
332  A test-machine consists of one or more CPUs and a few experimental  SGI O2 emulation is enough for root-on-nfs, but not for disk boot.</small>
333  devices such as:  
334    
335    <p>There is code in GXemul for emulation of many other machine types; the
336    degree to which these work range from almost being able to run a complete
337    OS, to almost completely unsupported (perhaps just enough support to
338    output a few boot messages via serial console).
339    
340    <p>In addition to emulating real machines, there is also a "test-machine".
341    A test-machine consists of one or more CPUs and a few experimental devices
342    such as:
343    
344  <p>  <p>
345  <ul>  <ul>
346    <li>a console I/O device (putchar() and getchar()...)    <li>a console I/O device (putchar() and getchar()...)
347    <li>an inter-processor communication device, for SMP experiments    <li>an inter-processor communication device, for SMP experiments
348    <li>a very simple linear framebuffer device (for graphics output)    <li>a very simple linear framebuffer device (for graphics output)
349      <li>a simple disk controller
350      <li>a simple ethernet controller
351      <li>a real-time clock device
352  </ul>  </ul>
353    
354  <p>  <p>This mode is useful if you wish to run experimental code, but do not
 This mode is useful if you wish to run experimental code, but do not  
355  wish to target any specific real-world machine type, for example for  wish to target any specific real-world machine type, for example for
356  educational purposes.  educational purposes.
357    
358  <p>  <p>You can read more about these experimental devices <a
359  You can read more about these experimental devices  href="experiments.html#expdevices">here</a>.
 <a href="experiments.html#expdevices">here</a>.  
   
   
   
   
   
360    
361    
 <p><br>  
 <a name="guestos"></a>  
 <h3>Which guest OSes are possible to run?</h3>  
   
 This table lists the guest OSes that run well enough to be considered  
 working in the emulator. They can boot from a harddisk image and be  
 interacted with similar to a real machine.  
   
 <p>  
 <center><table border="0">  
         <tr>  
           <td width="10"></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="netbsd-pmax-20040630.png"><img src="netbsd-pmax-20040630_small.png"></a></td>  
           <td width="15"></td>  
           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>  
                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>  
           <td width="30"></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td>  
           <td width="15"></td>  
           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>  
                 <br>Acer Pica-61</td>  
   
         </tr>  
   
         <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>  
   
         <tr>  
           <td></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a></td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a>  
                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">OpenBSD/arc</a>  
                 <br>Acer Pica-61</td>  
         </tr>  
   
         <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>  
   
         <tr>  
           <td></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a></td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td>Ultrix/RISC<br>DECstation 5000/200</td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a></td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td><a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian&nbsp;GNU/Linux</a>&nbsp;<super>*</super>  
                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>  
         </tr>  
   
         <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>  
   
         <tr>  
           <td></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a></td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td><a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">Sprite</a>  
                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a></td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td>Redhat&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<super>*</super>  
                 <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>  
         </tr>  
   
         <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>  
   
         <tr>  
           <td></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2_small.png"></a></td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>  
                 <br>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, 880</td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td align="center"><a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a></td>  
           <td></td>  
           <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a>  
                 <br>Cobalt</td>  
         </tr>  
362    
 </table></center>  
   
   
 <p><br>  
363    
 <super>*</super> Although Linux runs under DECstation emulation, the  
 default 2.4.27 kernel in Debian GNU/Linux does not support keyboards on  
 the 5000/200 (the specific DECstation model being emulated), so when the  
 login prompt is reached you cannot interact with the system. Kaj-Michael  
 Lang has compiled and made available a newer kernel from the current  
 mips-linux development tree. You can find it here: <a  
 href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a  
 href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>  
 This newer kernel supports keyboard input, but it does not have Debian's  
 ethernet patches, so you will not be able to use keyboard/framebuffer  
 <i>and</i> networking at the same time.  
364    
365    
366  </body>  </body>

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