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1  <html>  <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction</title>
2  <head><title>GXemul documentation: Introduction</title>  <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
3  </head>  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
4  <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5  <p>  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6  <table width="100%">  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7    <tr><td width="100%" bgcolor="#808070"><font color="#ffffe0" size="6">  <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b></font>
8    <b>GXemul documentation: Introduction</b></font></td></tr>  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Introduction</b>
9  </table>  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
 <p>  
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10    
11  <!--  <!--
12    
13  $Id: intro.html,v 1.30 2005/04/07 15:43:15 debug Exp $  $Id: intro.html,v 1.66 2005/11/23 22:03:24 debug Exp $
14    
15  Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.  Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
16    
# Line 50  SUCH DAMAGE. Line 47  SUCH DAMAGE.
47  <p>  <p>
48  <ul>  <ul>
49    <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>    <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
50    <li><a href="#free">Is GXemul free software?</a>    <li><a href="#free">Is GXemul Free software?</a>
51    <li><a href="#build">How to compile/build the emulator</a>    <li><a href="#build">How to compile/build the emulator</a>
52      <li><a href="#run">How to run the emulator</a>
53    <li><a href="#cpus">Which CPU types does GXemul emulate?</a>    <li><a href="#cpus">Which CPU types does GXemul emulate?</a>
54    <li><a href="#accuracy">Emulation accuracy</a>    <li><a href="#accuracy">Emulation accuracy</a>
55    <li><a href="#emulmodes">Which machines does GXemul emulate?</a>    <li><a href="#emulmodes">Which machines does GXemul emulate?</a>
56    <li><a href="#guestos">Which guest OSes are possible to run?</a>    <li><a href="#guestos">Which guest OSes are possible to run in GXemul?</a>
57  </ul>  </ul>
58    
59    
# Line 66  SUCH DAMAGE. Line 64  SUCH DAMAGE.
64  <a name="overview"></a>  <a name="overview"></a>
65  <h3>Overview:</h3>  <h3>Overview:</h3>
66    
67  GXemul is a machine emulator, which can be used to experiment with  GXemul is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. Several
68  binary code for (among others) MIPS-based machines. Several emulation  emulation modes are available. In some modes, processors and surrounding
 modes are available. For some emulation modes, processors and surrounding  
69  hardware components are emulated well enough to let unmodified operating  hardware components are emulated well enough to let unmodified operating
70  systems run as if they were running on a real machine.  systems (e.g. NetBSD) run as if they were running on a real machine.
71    
72  <p>  <p>The processor architecture best emulated by GXemul is MIPS, but other
73  It is important to keep in mind that devices and CPUs are not really  architectures such as ARM and PowerPC are also partially emulated.
 emulated correctly, they are only "faked" well enough to make eg. NetBSD  
 run. Still, the emulator could be of interest for academic research and  
 experiments, such as when learning how to write an OS for a real machine,  
 or profiling SMP, memory, or system call usage.  
74    
75  <p>  <p>Devices and CPUs are not simulated with 100% accuracy. They are only
76  The emulator is written in C, does not depend on external libraries (except  ``faked'' well enough to allow guest operating systems run without
77  X11, but that is optional), and should compile and run on most Unix-like  complaining too much. Still, the emulator could be of interest for
78  systems. If it doesn't, then that is a bug.  academic research and experiments, such as when learning how to write
79    operating system code.
80  <p>  
81  The emulator contains code which tries to emulate the workings of CPUs and  <p>The emulator is written in C, does not depend on third-party libraries
82  surrounding hardware found in real machines, but it does not contain any  (except X11, but that is optional), and should compile and run on most
83  ROM code. You will need some form of program (in binary form) to run in  Unix-like systems.
84  the emulator. For many emulation modes, PROM calls are handled by the  
85    <p>The emulator contains code which tries to emulate the workings of CPUs
86    and surrounding hardware found in real machines, but it does not contain
87    any ROM code. You will need some form of program (in binary form) to run
88    in the emulator. For many emulation modes, PROM calls are handled by the
89  emulator itself, so you do not need to use any ROM image at all.  emulator itself, so you do not need to use any ROM image at all.
90    
91  <p>  <p>You can use pre-compiled kernels (for example NetBSD kernels, or
92  You can use pre-compiled kernels (for example NetBSD kernels, or Linux),  Linux), or other programs that are in binary format, and in some cases
93  or other programs that are in binary format, and in some cases even actual  even actual ROM images. A couple of different file formats are supported
94  ROM images. A couple of different file formats are supported (ELF, a.out,  (ELF, a.out, ECOFF, SREC, and raw binaries).
95  ECOFF, SREC, raw binaries).  
96    <p>If you do not have a kernel as a separate file, but you have a bootable
97    disk image, then it is sometimes possible to boot directly from that
98    image. (This works for example with DECstation emulation, or when booting
99    from ISO9660 CDROM images.)
100    
101    
102    
 <p>  
 (You do not need any MIPS compiler toolchain to build or use GXemul.  
 If you need to compile MIPS binaries from sources, then of course you need  
 such a toolchain, but that is completely separate from GXemul. There  
 is a <a href="technical.html#regtest">regression testing</a> framework,  
 which requires that a GNU CC for mips64-unknown-elf or similar is available.  
 For simply building and using the emulator, it is not required.)  
103    
104    
105    
# Line 111  For simply building and using the emulat Line 107  For simply building and using the emulat
107    
108  <p><br>  <p><br>
109  <a name="free"></a>  <a name="free"></a>
110  <h3>Is GXemul free software?</h3>  <h3>Is GXemul Free software?</h3>
111    
112  Yes. I have released GXemul under a free license.  Yes. I have released GXemul under a Free license. The code in GXemul is
113  (For a definitions of the four freedoms associated with free software,  Copyrighted software, it is <i>not</i> public domain. (If this is
114  please read <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">  confusing to you, you might want to read up on the definitions of the
115  http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)  four freedoms associated with Free software, <a
116    href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)
117    
118    <p>The code I have written is released under a 3-clause BSD-style license
119    (or "revised BSD-style" if one wants to use <a
120    href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/bsd.html">GNU jargon</a>). Apart from
121    the code I have written, some files are copied from other sources such as
122    NetBSD, for example header files containing symbolic names of bitfields in
123    device registers. They are also covered by similar licenses, but with some
124    additional clauses. The main point, however, is that the licenses require
125    that the original Copyright and license terms are included when you make a
126    copy or modification.
127    
128    <p>If you plan to redistribute GXemul <i>without</i> supplying the source
129    code, then you need to comply with each individual source file some other
130    way, for example by writing additional documentation containing copyright
131    notes. I have not done this, since I do not plan on making distributions
132    without source code. You need to check all individual files for details.
133    The "easiest way out" if you plan to redistribute code from GXemul is, of
134    course, to let it remain open source and simply supply the source code.
135    
136    <p>(If a stable, unmodified release of GXemul is packaged into binary form,
137    and it is clear which version of GXemul was used to build the package,
138    then it can be argued that the source code is available, just not in that
139    specific package. Common sense should be used in this case, and not
140    pedanticism.)
141    
 <p>  
 The code I have written is released under a 3-clause BSD-style license  
 (or "revised BSD-style" if one wants to use  
 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/bsd.html">GNU jargon</a>.)  
 Apart from the code I have written, some files are copied from other sources  
 such as NetBSD, for example header files containing symbolic names of  
 bitfields in device registers. They are also covered by similar licenses,  
 but with some additional clauses. If you plan to redistribute GXemul  
 (for example as a binary package), or reuse code from GXemul,  
 then you should check those files for their license terms.  
   
 <p>  
 (The licenses usually require that the original Copyright and license  
 terms are included when you make a copy or modification. The "easiest way  
 out" if you plan to redistribute code from GXemul is to simply supply  
 the source code. You should however check individual files for details.)  
142    
143    
144    
# Line 149  Uncompress the .tar.gz distribution file Line 154  Uncompress the .tar.gz distribution file
154          $ <b>make</b>          $ <b>make</b>
155  </pre>  </pre>
156    
157  <p>  <p>This should work on most Unix-like systems. If it doesn't, then
 This should work on most Unix-like systems. If it doesn't, then please  
158  mail me a bug report.  mail me a bug report.
159    
160  <p>  <p>The emulator's performance is highly dependent on both runtime settings
 (Note for Windows users: there is a possibility that some releases  
 and/or snapshots will also work with Cygwin, but I can't promise that.)  
   
 <p>  
 The emulator's performance is highly dependent on both runtime settings  
161  and on compiler settings, so you might want to experiment with different  and on compiler settings, so you might want to experiment with different
162  CC and CFLAGS environment variable values. For example, on a modern PC,  CC and CFLAGS environment variable values. For example, on an AMD Athlon
163  you could try the following:  host, you might want to try setting <tt>CFLAGS</tt> to <tt>-march=athlon
164  <p>  -O3</tt> before running <tt>configure</tt>.
165  <pre>  
166          $ <b>CFLAGS="-mcpu=pentium4 -O3" ./configure</b>  
167          $ <b>make</b>  
168  </pre>  
169    
170    
171    
172    <p><br>
173    <a name="run"></a>
174    <h3>How to run the emulator:</h3>
175    
176    Once you have built GXemul, running it should be rather straight-forward.
177    Running <tt><b>gxemul</b></tt> without arguments (or with the
178    <b><tt>-h</tt></b> or <b><tt>-H</tt></b> command line options) will
179    display a help message.
180    
181  <p>  <p>
182  Run <b>./configure --help</b> to get a list of configure options. (The  To get some ideas about what is possible to run in the emulator, please
183  possible options differ between different releases and snapshots.)  read the section about <a href="guestoses.html">installing "guest"
184    operating systems</a>. If you are interested in using the emulator to
185    develop code on your own, then you should also read the section about
186    <a href="experiments.html#hello">Hello World</a>.
187    
188  <p>  <p>
 Once you have built GXemul, running it should be rather straight-forward.  
189  To exit the emulator, type CTRL-C to enter the  To exit the emulator, type CTRL-C to enter the
190  single-step debugger, and then type <b>quit</b>. By typing CTRL-B instead,  single-step debugger, and then type <tt><b>quit</b></tt>.
 a CTRL-C is sent to the emulated program.  
191    
192    <p>
193    If you are starting an emulation by entering settings directly on the
194    command line, and you are not using the <tt><b>-x</b></tt> option, then all
195    terminal input and output will go to the main controlling terminal.
196    CTRL-C is used to break into the debugger, so in order to send CTRL-C to
197    the running (emulated) program, you may use CTRL-B.
198    (This should be a reasonable compromise to allow the emulator to be usable
199    even on systems without X Windows.)
200    
201    <p>
202    There is no way to send an actual CTRL-B to the emulated program, when
203    typing in the main controlling terminal window. The solution is to either
204    use <a href="configfiles.html">configuration files</a>, or use
205    <tt><b>-x</b></tt>. Both these solutions cause new xterms to be opened for
206    each emulated serial port that is written to. CTRL-B and CTRL-C both have
207    their original meaning in those xterm windows.
208    
209    
210    
# Line 189  a CTRL-C is sent to the emulated program Line 216  a CTRL-C is sent to the emulated program
216    
217  <h4>MIPS:</h4>  <h4>MIPS:</h4>
218    
219  Emulation of R4000, which is a 64-bit CPU, was my initial goal. Right  Emulation of R4000, which is a 64-bit CPU, was my initial goal.
220  now, R2000/R3000-like CPUs are also emulated (32-bit), and emulation of  R2000/R3000-like CPUs (32-bit), R1x000, and generic MIPS32/MIPS64-style
221  R1x000 (at least the parts that are similar to R4000) is beginning to work  CPUs are also emulated, and are hopefully almost as stable as the R4000
222  as expected. Code targeted for MIPS32 and MIPS64 also often work.  emulation. Several guest operating systems for MIPS can run inside
223    the emulator.
 <p>  
 I have written an experimental dynamic binary translation subsystem.  
 This gives higher total performance than interpreting one instruction at a  
 time and executing it. (If you wish to enable bintrans, add <b>-b</b> to  
 the command line, but keep in mind that it is still experimental.)  
   
   
224    
225  <h4>URISC:</h4>  <p>(For MIPS emulation, I have written an experimental dynamic binary
226    translation subsystem, for Alpha and i386 hosts. This gives higher total
227    performance than interpreting one instruction at a time and executing it.
228    If you wish to disable bintrans, add <b>-B</b> to the command line.)
229    
230  I have implemented an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URISC">URISC</a>  <h4>ARM:</h4>
 emulation mode, just for fun. The only instruction available in an URISC  
 machine is "reverse subtract and skip on borrow". (It is probably not  
 worth trying to do bintrans with URISC, because any reasonable URISC  
 program relies on self-modifying code, which is bad for bintrans  
 performance.)  
231    
232    ARM emulation is good enough to run NetBSD/cats 2.1 and OpenBSD/cats 3.8,
233    but it is not as tested or fine-tuned as the MIPS emulation mode.
234    
235    <h4>PowerPC:</h4>
236    
237    PowerPC emulation is still in its beginning stages, but good enough
238    to run NetBSD/prep 2.1.
239    
240  <h4>Other CPU types:</h4>  <p>Non-MIPS emulation modes use dynamic translation, but not recompilation
241    into native code. This makes it possible to run on any host platform.
 There is some code for 64-bit (and 32-bit) POWER/PowerPC emulation too,  
 but it only works for "Hello World" and similarly trivial programs. (There  
 are some other CPU modes too, but they are working even less.)  
242    
243    
244    
# Line 228  are some other CPU modes too, but they a Line 248  are some other CPU modes too, but they a
248  <a name="accuracy"></a>  <a name="accuracy"></a>
249  <h3>Emulation accuracy:</h3>  <h3>Emulation accuracy:</h3>
250    
251  GXemul is an instruction-level simulator; things that would happen in  GXemul is an instruction-level emulator; things that would happen in
252  several steps within a real CPU are not taken into account (eg. pipe-line  several steps within a real CPU are not taken into account (eg. pipe-line
253  stages or out-of-order execution). Still, instruction-level accuracy seems  stalls or out-of-order execution). Still, instruction-level accuracy seems
254  to be enough to be able to run complete guest operating systems inside the  to be enough to be able to run complete guest operating systems inside the
255  emulator.  emulator.
256    
257    <p>Caches are by default not emulated. In some cases, the existance of
258    caches is "faked" to let operating systems think that they are there.
259    (There is some old code for R2000/R3000 caches, but it has probably
260    suffered from bitrot by now.)
261    
262    <p>The emulator is <i>not</i> timing-accurate. It can be run in a
263    "deterministic" mode, <tt><b>-D</b></tt>. The meaning of deterministic is
264    simply that running two emulations with the same settings will result in
265    identical runs. Obviously, this requires that no user interaction is
266    taking place, and that clock speeds are fixed with the <tt><b>-I</b></tt>
267    option. (Deterministic in this case does <i>not</i> mean that the
268    emulation will be identical to some actual real-world machine.)
269    
270    <p><font color="#ff0000">(Oops/TODO: User interaction means <i>both</i>
271    input to the emulated program/OS, and interacting with the emulator
272    itself. Breaking into the debugger and then continuing execution may
273    affect when/how interrupts occur.)</font>
274    
275    
276    
277    
278    
# Line 242  emulator. Line 281  emulator.
281  <a name="emulmodes"></a>  <a name="emulmodes"></a>
282  <h3>Which machines does GXemul emulate?</h3>  <h3>Which machines does GXemul emulate?</h3>
283    
284  A few different machine types are emulated. The machine types that are  A few different machine types are emulated. The following machine types
285  emulated best at the moment are:  are emulated well enough to run at least one "guest OS":
286    
287  <p>  <p>
288  <ul>  <ul>
289    <li><b>DECstation 5000/200</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;("pmax")    <li><b><u>MIPS</u></b>
290          <br>(Serial controller (including keyboard and mouse), ethernet,    <ul>
291          SCSI, and graphical framebuffers.)      <li><b>DECstation 5000/200</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;("3max")
292        <p>
293        <li><b>Acer Pica-61</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;(an ARC machine)
294        <p>
295        <li><b>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, and 880</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;(HPCmips machines)
296        <p>
297        <li><b>Cobalt</b>
298        <p>
299        <li><b>Malta</b> (evbmips)
300        <p>
301        <li><b>SGI O2 ("IP32")</b>
302            <br><small>(Enough for root-on-nfs, but not for disk boot.)</small>
303      </ul>
304    <p>    <p>
305    <li><b>Acer Pica-61</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;(an ARC machine)    <li><b><u>ARM</u></b>
306          <br>(Serial controller, "VGA" text console, and SCSI.)    <ul>
307        <li><b>CATS</b>
308      </ul>
309    <p>    <p>
310    <li><b>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, and 880</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;(HPCmips machines)    <li><b><u>PowerPC</u></b>
311          <br>(Framebuffer, keyboard, and a PCMCIA IDE controller.)    <ul>
312        <li><b>PReP (PowerPC Reference Platform)</b>
313      </ul>
314  </ul>  </ul>
315    
316  <p>  <p>There is code in GXemul for emulation of many other machine types; the
317  There is code in GXemul for emulation of many other machine types;  degree to which these work range from almost being able to run a complete
318  the degree to which these work range from "almost" being able to run  OS, to almost completely unsupported (perhaps just enough support to
319  a complete OS, to almost completely unsupported (perhaps just enough  output a few boot messages via serial console).
320  support to output a few boot messages via serial console).  
321    <p>In addition to emulating real machines, there is also a "test-machine".
322  <p>  A test-machine consists of one or more CPUs and a few experimental devices
323  In addition to specific machine types, a "test-machine" can be emulated.  such as:
 A test-machine consists of one or more CPUs and a few experimental  
 devices such as:  
324    
325  <p>  <p>
326  <ul>  <ul>
327    <li>a console I/O device (putchar() and getchar()...)    <li>a console I/O device (putchar() and getchar()...)
328    <li>an inter-processor communication device, for SMP experiments    <li>an inter-processor communication device, for SMP experiments
329    <li>a very simple linear framebuffer device (for graphics output)    <li>a very simple linear framebuffer device (for graphics output)
330      <li>a simple SCSI disk controller
331      <li>a simple ethernet controller
332  </ul>  </ul>
333    
334  <p>  <p>This mode is useful if you wish to run experimental code, but do not
 This mode is useful if you wish to run experimental code, but do not  
335  wish to target any specific real-world machine type, for example for  wish to target any specific real-world machine type, for example for
336  educational purposes.  educational purposes.
337    
338  <p>  <p>You can read more about these experimental devices <a
339  You can read more about these experimental devices  href="experiments.html#expdevices">here</a>.
 <a href="experiments.html#expdevices">here</a>.  
340    
341    
342    
# Line 293  You can read more about these experiment Line 346  You can read more about these experiment
346    
347  <p><br>  <p><br>
348  <a name="guestos"></a>  <a name="guestos"></a>
349  <h3>Which guest OSes are possible to run?</h3>  <h3>Which guest OSes are possible to run in GXemul?</h3>
350    
351  This table sums up the guest OSes that run well enough to be considered  This table lists the guest OSes that run well enough to be considered
352  working in the emulator. They can boot from a harddisk image and be  working in the emulator. They can boot from a harddisk image and be
353  interacted with similar to a real machine:  interacted with similar to a real machine.
   
 <p><br>  
  <center>  
   <table border="0">  
     <tr><td>  
       <table border="0">  
         <tr><td align="center">  
           <table border="0">  
             <tr>  
               <td valign="top"><b><u>Guest&nbsp;OS:</u></b></td>  
               <td width="15">&nbsp;</td>  
               <td valign="top"><b><u>Emulation&nbsp;mode:</u></b></td>  
               <td width="35">&nbsp;</td>  
               <td valign="top"><b><u>Guest&nbsp;OS:</u></b></td>  
               <td width="15">&nbsp;</td>  
               <td valign="top"><b><u>Emulation&nbsp;mode:</u></b></td>  
             </tr>  
   
             <tr>  
               <td height="1"></td>  
             </tr>  
   
             <tr>  
               <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a></td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top">DECstation</td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a></td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top">ARC&nbsp;(Acer&nbsp;Pica)</td>  
             </tr>  
   
             <tr>  
               <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a></td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top">DECstation</td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">OpenBSD/arc</a></td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top">ARC (Acer Pica)</td>  
             </tr>  
   
             <tr>  
               <td valign="top">Ultrix/RISC</td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top">DECstation</td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">Sprite</a></td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top">DECstation</td>  
             </tr>  
   
             <tr>  
               <td valign="top">Redhat&nbsp;Linux<super>*</super></td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top">DECstation</td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian&nbsp;GNU/Linux</a><super>*</super></td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top">DECstation</td>  
             </tr>  
   
             <tr>  
               <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a></td>  
               <td></td>  
               <td valign="top">NEC MobilePro</td>  
             </tr>  
           </table>  
         </td></tr>  
   
         <tr><td height="15">&nbsp;</td></tr>  
   
         <tr><td>  
           <center>  
             <table border="0">  
               <tr>  
                 <td width=160 align=center><a href="netbsd-pmax-20040630.png"><img src="netbsd-pmax-20040630_small.png"></a></td>  
                 <td width=160 align=center><a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a></td>  
                 <td width=160 align=center><a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a></td>  
               </tr>  
               <tr>  
                 <td align=center>NetBSD/pmax&nbsp;1.6.2</td>  
                 <td align=center>OpenBSD/pmax&nbsp;2.8</td>  
                 <td align=center>Ultrix&nbsp;4.5</td>  
               </tr>  
               <tr>  
                 <td height=10>&nbsp;</td>  
               </tr>  
               <tr>  
                 <td width=160 align=center><a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td>  
                 <td width=160 align=center><a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td>  
                 <td width=160 align=center><a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a></td>  
               </tr>  
               <tr>  
                 <td align=center>NetBSD/arc&nbsp;1.6.2</td>  
                 <td align=center>OpenBSD/arc&nbsp;2.3</td>  
                 <td align=center>Sprite</td>  
               </tr>  
               <tr>  
                 <td height=10>&nbsp;</td>  
               </tr>  
               <tr>  
                 <td width=160 align=center><a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a></td>  
                 <td width=160 align=center><a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a></td>  
                 <td width=160 align=center><a href="20050331-netbsd-hpcmips.png"><img src="20050331-netbsd-hpcmips_small.png"></a></td>  
               </tr>  
               <tr>  
                 <td align=center>Redhat&nbsp;Linux<super>*</super></td>  
                 <td align=center>Debian&nbsp;GNU/Linux<super>*</super></td>  
                 <td align=center>NetBSD/hpcmips</td>  
               </tr>  
             </table>  
           </center>  
         </td></tr>  
       </table>  
     </td></tr>  
   </table>  
  </center>  
   
 <p><br>  
   
 (<super>*</super> Although Linux runs under DECstation emulation, the  
 default kernel in Debian GNU/Linux does not support keyboards on the 5000/200  
 (the specific DECstation model being emulated), so when the login prompt  
 is reached you cannot interact with the system.  
 Kaj-Michael Lang has compiled and made available a newer kernel from the  
 current mips-linux development tree. You can find it here:  
 <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>  
 This newer kernel supports keyboard input, but it does not have Debian's  
 ethernet patches, so you will not be able to use keyboard/framebuffer  
 <i>and</i> networking at the same time.)  
   
354    
355  <p>  <p>
356  It is non-trivial to get a specific operating system or OS kernel to  <center><table border="0">
357  run in the emulator, so don't expect the list above to grow too quickly.          <tr>
358              <td width="10"></td>
359  <p>            <td align="center"><a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a></td>
360  There is no guarantee that anything specific will run in the emulator, but            <td width="15"></td>
361  NetBSD is a good starting point for someone who wants to experiment.            <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>
362                    <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
363              <td width="30"></td>
364              <td align="center"><a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td>
365              <td width="15"></td>
366              <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
367                    <br>Acer Pica-61</td>
368    
369            </tr>
370    
371            <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
372    
373            <tr>
374              <td></td>
375              <td align="center"><a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a></td>
376              <td></td>
377              <td><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a>
378                    <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
379              <td></td>
380              <td align="center"><a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td>
381              <td></td>
382              <td><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">OpenBSD/arc</a>
383                    <br>Acer Pica-61</td>
384            </tr>
385    
386            <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
387    
388            <tr>
389              <td></td>
390              <td align="center"><a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a></td>
391              <td></td>
392              <td>Ultrix/RISC<br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
393              <td></td>
394              <td align="center"><a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a></td>
395              <td></td>
396              <td><a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian&nbsp;GNU/Linux</a>&nbsp;<super>*</super>
397                    <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
398            </tr>
399    
400            <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
401    
402            <tr>
403              <td></td>
404              <td align="center"><a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a></td>
405              <td></td>
406              <td><a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">Sprite</a>
407                    <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
408              <td></td>
409              <td align="center"><a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a></td>
410              <td></td>
411              <td>Redhat&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<super>*</super>
412                    <br>DECstation 5000/200</td>
413            </tr>
414    
415            <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
416    
417            <tr>
418              <td></td>
419              <td align="center"><a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2_small.png"></a></td>
420              <td></td>
421              <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>
422                    <br>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, 880</td>
423              <td></td>
424              <td align="center"><a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a></td>
425              <td></td>
426              <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a>
427                    <br>Cobalt</td>
428            </tr>
429    
430            <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
431    
432            <tr>
433              <td></td>
434              <td align="center"><a href="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot.png"><img src="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot_small.png"></a></td>
435              <td></td>
436              <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
437                    <br>SGI O2 ("IP32")</td>
438              <td></td>
439              <td align="center"><a href="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta.png"><img src="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta_small.png"></a></td>
440              <td></td>
441              <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a>
442                    <br>5Kc (and 4Kc) Malta<br>evaluation boards</td>
443              <td></td>
444            </tr>
445    
446            <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
447    
448            <tr>
449              <td></td>
450              <td align="center"><a href="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a></td>
451              <td></td>
452              <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cats/">NetBSD/cats</a>
453                    <br>CATS</td>
454              <td></td>
455              <td align="center"><a href="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a></td>
456              <td></td>
457              <td><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">OpenBSD/cats</a>
458                    <br>CATS</td>
459              <td></td>
460            </tr>
461    
462            <tr><td height="10"></td></tr>
463    
464            <tr>
465              <td></td>
466              <td align="center"><a href="20051123-netbsd-prep.png"><img src="20051123-netbsd-prep_small.png"></a></td>
467              <td></td>
468              <td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a>
469                    <br>PReP</td>
470              <td></td>
471            </tr>
472    
473    </table></center>
474    
475    
476    <p><br>
477    
478    <super>*</super> Although Linux runs under DECstation emulation, the
479    default 2.4.27 kernel in Debian GNU/Linux does not support keyboards on
480    the 5000/200 (the specific DECstation model being emulated), so when the
481    login prompt is reached you cannot interact with the system. Kaj-Michael
482    Lang has compiled and made available a newer kernel from the current
483    mips-linux development tree. You can find it here: <a
484    href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a
485    href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
486    This newer kernel supports keyboard input, but it does not have Debian's
487    ethernet patches, so you will not be able to use keyboard/framebuffer
488    <i>and</i> networking at the same time.
489    
 </p>  
490    
491  </body>  </body>
492  </html>  </html>

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