/[gxemul]/trunk/doc/guestoses.html
This is repository of my old source code which isn't updated any more. Go to git.rot13.org for current projects!
ViewVC logotype

Contents of /trunk/doc/guestoses.html

Parent Directory Parent Directory | Revision Log Revision Log


Revision 28 - (show annotations)
Mon Oct 8 16:20:26 2007 UTC (16 years, 6 months ago) by dpavlin
File MIME type: text/html
File size: 81298 byte(s)
++ trunk/HISTORY	(local)
$Id: HISTORY,v 1.1298 2006/07/22 11:27:46 debug Exp $
20060626	Continuing on SPARC emulation (beginning on the 'save'
		instruction, register windows, etc).
20060629	Planning statistics gathering (new -s command line option),
		and renaming speed_tricks to allow_instruction_combinations.
20060630	Some minor manual page updates.
		Various cleanups.
		Implementing the -s command line option.
20060701	FINALLY found the bug which prevented Linux and Ultrix from
		running without the ugly hack in the R2000/R3000 cache isol
		code; it was the phystranslation hint array which was buggy.
		Removing the phystranslation hint code completely, for now.
20060702	Minor dyntrans cleanups; invalidation of physpages now only
		invalidate those parts of a page that have actually been
		translated. (32 parts per page.)
		Some MIPS non-R3000 speed fixes.
		Experimenting with MIPS instruction combination for some
		addiu+bne+sw loops, and sw+sw+sw.
		Adding support (again) for larger-than-4KB pages in MIPS tlbw*.
		Continuing on SPARC emulation: adding load/store instructions.
20060704	Fixing a virtual vs physical page shift bug in the new tlbw*
		implementation. Problem noticed by Jakub Jermar. (Many thanks.)
		Moving rfe and eret to cpu_mips_instr.c, since that is the
		only place that uses them nowadays.
20060705	Removing the BSD license from the "testmachine" include files,
		placing them in the public domain instead; this enables the
		testmachine stuff to be used from projects which are
		incompatible with the BSD license for some reason.
20060707	Adding instruction combinations for the R2000/R3000 L1
		I-cache invalidation code used by NetBSD/pmax 3.0, lui+addiu,
		various branches followed by addiu or nop, and jr ra followed
		by addiu. The time it takes to perform a full NetBSD/pmax R3000
		install on the laptop has dropped from 573 seconds to 539. :-)
20060708	Adding a framebuffer controller device (dev_fbctrl), which so
		far can be used to change the fb resolution during runtime, but
		in the future will also be useful for accelerated block fill/
		copy, and possibly also simplified character output.
		Adding an instruction combination for NetBSD/pmax' strlen.
20060709	Minor fixes: reading raw files in src/file.c wasn't memblock
		aligned, removing buggy multi_sw MIPS instruction combination,
		etc.
20060711	Adding a machine_qemu.c, which contains a "qemu_mips" machine.
		(It mimics QEMU's MIPS machine mode, so that a test kernel
		made for QEMU_MIPS also can run in GXemul... at least to some
		extent.)  Adding a short section about how to run this mode to
		doc/guestoses.html.
20060714	Misc. minor code cleanups.
20060715	Applying a patch which adds getchar() to promemul/yamon.c
		(from Oleksandr Tymoshenko).
		Adding yamon.h from NetBSD, and rewriting yamon.c to use it
		(instead of ugly hardcoded numbers) + some cleanup.
20060716	Found and fixed the bug which broke single-stepping of 64-bit
		programs between 0.4.0 and 0.4.0.1 (caused by too quick
		refactoring and no testing). Hopefully this fix will not
		break too many other things.
20060718	Continuing on the 8253 PIT; it now works with Linux/QEMU_MIPS.
		Re-adding the sw+sw+sw instr comb (the problem was that I had
		ignored endian issues); however, it doesn't seem to give any
		big performance gain.
20060720	Adding a dummy Transputer mode (T414, T800 etc) skeleton (only
		the 'j' and 'ldc' instructions are implemented so far). :-}
20060721	Adding gtreg.h from NetBSD, updating dev_gt.c to use it, plus
		misc. other updates to get Linux 2.6 for evbmips/malta working
		(thanks to Alec Voropay for the details).
		FINALLY found and fixed the bug which made tlbw* for non-R3000
		buggy; it was a reference count problem in the dyntrans core.
20060722	Testing stuff; things seem stable enough for a new release.

==============  RELEASE 0.4.1  ==============


1 <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing and running "guest OSes"</title>
2 <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
3 <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
4 <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5 <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6 <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7 <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
8 <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Installing and running "guest OSes"</b>
9 </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
10
11 <!--
12
13 $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.157 2006/07/22 10:23:39 debug Exp $
14
15 Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved.
16
17 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
19
20 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
24 documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
25 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
26 derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
27
28 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31 ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32 FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33 DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34 OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36 LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37 OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38 SUCH DAMAGE.
39
40 -->
41
42
43 <a href="./">Back to the index</a>
44
45 <p><br>
46 <h2>Installing and running "guest OSes"</h2>
47
48 <p>
49 <ul>
50 <li><a href="#generalnotes">General notes on running "guest OSes"</a>
51 <li><a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax 3.0 or 1.6.2</a>
52 <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc 1.6.2</a>
53 <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips 3.0</a>
54 <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt 2.1</a>
55 <li><a href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips 2.1</a>
56 <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgimips 3.0</a>
57 <li><a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">NetBSD/cats 3.0</a>
58 <li><a href="#netbsdevbarminstall">NetBSD/evbarm 2.1</a>
59 <li><a href="#netbsdprepinstall">NetBSD/prep 2.1</a>
60 <li><a href="#openbsdpmaxinstall">OpenBSD/pmax 2.8-BETA</a>
61 <li><a href="#openbsdcatsinstall">OpenBSD/cats 3.9</a>
62 <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Ultrix/RISC 4.5</a>
63 <li><a href="#sprite">Sprite for DECstation</a>
64 <li><a href="#declinux">Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation</a>
65 <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Redhat Linux for DECstation</a>
66 </ul>
67
68
69
70
71
72
73 <p><br>
74 <a name="generalnotes"></a>
75 <h3>General notes on running "guest OSes":</h3>
76
77 The emulator works well enough to run complete operating systems. These
78 are often refered to as <i>guest</i> operating systems, in contrast to the
79 <i>host</i> operating system which the emulator is running under.
80
81 <p>Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
82 harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
83 using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
84 may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
85 system, the harddisk image looks and acts like a real disk.
86
87 <p>The version numbers of the various operating systems were the latest
88 versions that worked satisfactory with GXemul at the time this page was
89 updated; if new versions have been released since then, they might work as
90 well.
91
92 <p>In addition to the "working" guest operating systems listed above,
93 you might find the following information interesting: (Some of these might
94 not be relevant for this specific release of GXemul.)
95
96 <ul>
97 <li><a href="#mach">Mach/PMAX</a>
98 <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
99 <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">OpenBSD/arc 2.3</a>
100 <li><a href="#debiancats">Debian GNU/Linux for CATS</a>
101 <li><a href="#linux_qemu_mips">Linux/QEMU_MIPS</a>
102 <li><a href="#windows_nt_mips">Windows NT/MIPS</a>
103 <li><a href="#netbsdnetwinderinstall">NetBSD/netwinder 2.1</a>
104 <li><a href="#netbsdmacppcinstall">NetBSD/macppc 3.0</a>
105 </ul>
106
107 <p>Some operating systems are listed with a version number <i>less</i>
108 than what was available at the time of this GXemul release (e.g.
109 NetBSD/prep). The reasons for this is because of incompleteness in
110 GXemul's machine, device, and/or processor implementations.
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118 <p><br>
119 <a name="netbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
120 <h3>NetBSD/pmax:</h3>
121
122 <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a> was the
123 first guest OS that could be
124 <a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-pmax/2004/04/18/0000.html">installed</a>
125 onto a disk image in GXemul. The device emulation of the DECstation
126 5000/200 is reasonably complete; it should be enough to emulate a
127 networked X-windows-capable workstation.
128
129 <p>NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2 works perfectly with X out-of-the-box. Unfortunately,
130 newer NetBSD releases have changed slightly, and nowadays X does not
131 work straight away. (It seems that this has to do with NetBSD switching
132 console system to "WSCONS" somewhere between 1.6.2 and 2.0. I haven't had
133 time to figure out how to make it work; at worst it might require a kernel
134 recompilation.) What this means is that if you want to use emulated X11,
135 then you need to run NetBSD 1.6.2. If you feel that you only need
136 serial-console emulation, then choose the latest NetBSD version available.
137
138 <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
139 <a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
140
141 <p>To install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image in the emulator,
142 follow these instructions:
143
144 <p><ol start="1">
145 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
146 that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
147 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1900000</b>
148
149 </pre>
150 </ol>
151
152 <p>
153 From this point, there are two separate ways to continue the installation.
154 You can either download a CD-ROM iso image (and let the installation
155 program copy files from the CD-ROM image to the harddisk image), or you
156 can install via ftp. For an installation from a CD-ROM image, follow these
157 steps:
158 <p>
159 <ol start="2">
160
161 <li>Download a NetBSD CD-ROM iso image:<pre>
162 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
163 or
164 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/pmaxcd-3.0.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/pmaxcd-3.0.iso</a>
165
166 </pre>
167 <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
168 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd-3.0.iso</b>
169 (or <b>pmaxcd.iso</b>)
170 </pre>
171 and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
172 DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
173 type, and not <tt>rcons</tt>.
174 </ol>
175 <p>
176 For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 and 3 above with these:
177 <p>
178 <ol start="2">
179
180 <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel:<pre>
181 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
182 or
183 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
184
185 </pre>
186 <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
187 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
188 </pre>
189 and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
190 DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
191 type, and not <tt>rcons</tt>. Suitable networking parameters are as
192 follows:<pre>
193 Which device shall I use? [le0]: <b>le0</b>
194 ..
195 Your DNS domain: <b>mydomain.com</b>
196 Your host name: <b>foo</b>
197 Your IPv4 number: <b>10.0.0.1</b>
198 IPv4 Netmask [0xff000000]: <b>0xff000000</b>
199 IPv4 gateway: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
200 IPv4 name server: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
201 </pre>
202 (If using 10.0.0.254 as the nameserver fails, then try entering the
203 IP number of a real-world nameserver instead.)
204 </ol>
205
206 <p>If you want to use a graphical framebuffer during the install, you can
207 add <b><tt>-X -Y2</tt></b> to the command line, and choose <tt>rcons</tt>
208 instead of <tt>vt100</tt> when prompted with which terminal type to use.
209 (By just using <tt><b>-X</b></tt>, you will get a full-size framebuffer
210 window.)
211
212 <p>When the installation is finished, the following command should start
213 NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
214 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
215 </pre>
216
217 <p>If you installed NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2, then try the following to start
218 with a framebuffer:<pre>
219 <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
220 </pre>
221 and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt>startx</tt> to start X windows.
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230 <p><br>
231 <a name="netbsdarcinstall"></a>
232 <h3>NetBSD/arc:</h3>
233
234 It is possible to install and run an old version of <a
235 href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
236 on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
237
238 <p>
239 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
240 <a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
241
242 <p>
243 To install NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 from a CDROM image onto an emulated
244 harddisk image, follow these instructions:
245
246 <p>
247 <ol start="1">
248 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
249 that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
250 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
251
252 </pre>
253 <li>Download a NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 CDROM image, and a generic NetBSD/arc
254 kernel:<pre>
255 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
256 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
257
258 </pre>
259 <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
260 <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img -d bc:arccd.iso \
261 -j arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</b>
262
263 </pre>
264 (Try removing <tt>-x</tt> if you have problems with the xterm.)
265 <p>
266 <li>From now on, you have to use your imagination, as there is no
267 automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc 1.6.2. Here are
268 some tips and hints on how you can proceed with the install:
269 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
270 <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2
271 disklabel -i -I sd0</b> (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
272 '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
273 <b>newfs /dev/sd0a
274 mount /dev/sd0a /mnt
275 cd /mnt
276 for a in /mnt2/arc/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar xzpf $a; done
277 cd dev; sh MAKEDEV all
278 cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;&gt; rc.conf
279 cat > /mnt/etc/fstab
280 /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
281 /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
282 </b>(press ctrl-d)
283 <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
284 halt</b>
285 </pre></td></tr></table>
286 </ol>
287
288 <p>You can now use the generic NetBSD/arc kernel to boot from the harddisk
289 image, using the following command:<pre>
290 <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
291
292 </pre>
293
294 <p>When asked for "<tt>root device: </tt>", enter <b><tt>sd0</tt></b>.
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302 <p><br>
303 <a name="netbsdhpcmipsinstall"></a>
304 <h3>NetBSD/hpcmips:</h3>
305
306 It is possible to install <a
307 href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a> onto a disk
308 image, on an an emulated MobilePro 770, 780, 800, or 880. The emulator
309 treats the different machine models as being almost identical; the most
310 important difference is regarding the framebuffer.
311
312 <p><table border="0">
313 <tr>
314 <td width="80">&nbsp;</td>
315 <td><u>Model:</u></td>
316 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
317 <td><u>Framebuffer size/depth:</u></td>
318 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
319 <td><u>Framebuffer address:</u></td>
320 </tr>
321 <tr>
322 <td></td>
323 <td>MobilePro 770 (<super>*2</super>)</td>
324 <td></td>
325 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
326 <td></td>
327 <td>0xa000000</td>
328 </tr>
329 <tr>
330 <td></td>
331 <td>MobilePro 780</td>
332 <td></td>
333 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
334 <td></td>
335 <td>0xa180100 (<super>*</super>)</td>
336 </tr>
337 <tr>
338 <td></td>
339 <td>MobilePro 800</td>
340 <td></td>
341 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
342 <td></td>
343 <td>0xa000000</td>
344 </tr>
345 <tr>
346 <td></td>
347 <td>MobilePro 880</td>
348 <td></td>
349 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
350 <td></td>
351 <td>0xa0ea600 (<super>*</super>)</td>
352 </tr>
353 </table>
354
355 <p>
356 (<super>*</super>) = not aligned at a page boundary, so it will not work
357 efficiently with the current dyntrans system. Using this mode will still
358 work, but each load and store will be emulated much more slowly than is
359 possible with an aligned framebuffer.
360
361 <p>
362 (<super>*2</super>) = The MobilePro 770's cursor keys work differently
363 than the other models, for some reason. (This is a known bug.)
364
365 <p>
366 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
367 <a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1_small.png"></a>
368 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
369 <a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2_small.png"></a>
370
371 <p>
372 These instructions show an example of how to install
373 NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro 770:
374
375 <p>
376 <ol start="1">
377 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
378 that you will install NetBSD/hpcmips onto:<pre>
379 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
380
381 </pre>
382 <li>Download the NetBSD/hpcmips 3.0 ISO image, and a generic kernel:<pre>
383 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/hpcmipscd-3.0.iso">hpcmipscd-3.0.iso</a>
384
385 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
386
387 </pre>
388 <p>
389 <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
390 <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img \
391 -d b:hpcmipscd-3.0.iso -j hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</b>
392
393 </pre>
394 and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
395 MobilePro 770. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
396 doing the MBR partitioning, and choose to install from CD-ROM.)
397 </ol>
398
399 <p>
400 If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
401 Use the following command line to boot the emulated hpcmips machine:<pre>
402 <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
403
404 </pre>
405
406 <p>If you change your mind at this point regarding which machine type to
407 emulate, you might for example prefer a MobilePro 800, then you can change
408 that at any time. NetBSD/hpcmips is designed to be able to boot on many
409 types, without any need to change the kernel.
410
411 <p>When you have logged in as <tt>root</tt>, you can use <tt>startx</tt> to
412 start X Windows, but there is no mouse support yet so only keyboard input
413 is available. This makes it a bit akward to use X.
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422 <p><br>
423 <a name="netbsdcobaltinstall"></a>
424 <h3>NetBSD/cobalt:</h3>
425
426 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
427 to install, because the Cobalt machines were designed for Linux, and not
428 very flexible. There is no traditional INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt.
429 One way to install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to
430 do it from another (emulated) machine.
431
432 <p>
433 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
434 <a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a>
435
436 <p>
437 The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/cobalt onto a disk
438 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
439
440 <p>
441 <ol>
442 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
443 that you will install NetBSD/cobalt onto:<pre>
444 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
445
446 </pre>
447 <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
448 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
449 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/cobaltcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/cobaltcd.iso</a>
450
451 </pre>
452 <p>
453 <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 according to instructions
454 <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">further up on this page</a>.
455 <p>
456 <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
457 <b>gxemul -e3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d cobaltcd.iso -d nbsd_cobalt.img</b>
458
459 </pre>
460 <li>Log in as root (on the emulated 3MAX machine), and execute the
461 following commands: (adjust according to taste)
462 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
463 <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
464 mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
465 mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
466 cd /mnt2; sh
467 for a in /mnt/cobalt/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
468 exit
469 cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
470 echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
471 echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
472 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
473 </pre></td></tr></table>
474 </ol>
475
476 <p>
477 You should now be able to boot NetBSD/cobalt like this:<pre>
478 <b>gxemul -M128 -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
479 </pre>
480
481 Note that the installation instructions above create a filesystem
482 <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
483 swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
484 generic kernel:<pre>
485 root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0d</b>
486 dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
487 file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
488 init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter here)</i>
489 </pre>
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497 <p><br>
498 <a name="netbsdevbmipsinstall"></a>
499 <h3>NetBSD/evbmips:</h3>
500
501 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a> can run
502 in GXemul on an emulated Malta evaluation board, with a 5Kc (MIPS64) or
503 4Kc (MIPS32) processor. 5Kc is the default.
504
505 <p>
506 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
507 <a href="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta.png"><img src="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta_small.png"></a>
508
509 <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
510 kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
511 image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
512
513 <p>
514 The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbmips onto a disk
515 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
516
517 <p>
518 <ol>
519 <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 according to instructions
520 <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">further up on this page</a>.
521 <p>
522 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
523 that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
524 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
525
526 </pre>
527 <li>Download the generic kernel and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
528 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
529 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbmips-mipselcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbmips-mipselcd.iso</a>
530
531 </pre>
532 <p>
533 <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
534 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d nbsd_malta.img -d evbmips-mipselcd.iso</b>
535
536 </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
537 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
538 <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
539 mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
540 mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
541 cd /mnt2; sh
542 for a in /mnt/evbmips-mipsel/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
543 exit
544 cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
545 echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
546 echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
547 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
548 </pre></td></tr></table>
549 </ol>
550
551 <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbmips using this command:<pre>
552 <b>gxemul -e malta -d nbsd_malta.img netbsd-MALTA.gz</b>
553 </pre>
554
555 <p>NOTE: To select a 4Kc (MIPS32) CPU instead of the default 5Kc
556 (MIPS64) CPU, add <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> to the command line. With NetBSD
557 2.1, however, there will be little or no difference in functionality, as
558 NetBSD still runs in 32-bit mode on 64-bit MIPS CPUs. There are two things
559 that differ:<ol>
560 <li>The dynamic translation core runs faster when emulating 32-bit
561 processors, so <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> might make things go faster.
562 <li>4Kc only has 16 TLB entries, whereas 5Kc has 48. This makes 4Kc
563 emulation slower in general, because there are more TLB misses.
564 </ol>
565
566 <p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
567 <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
568 swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
569 generic kernel:<pre>
570 root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
571 dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
572 file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
573 init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter here)</i>
574 </pre>
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582 <p><br>
583 <a name="netbsdsgimips"></a>
584 <h3>NetBSD/sgimips:</h3>
585
586 <p>
587 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
588 <a href="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0.png"><img src="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0_small.png"></a>
589
590 <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a> can run
591 in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32). However, GXemul does not yet
592 emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have mailed Adaptec
593 several times, asking for documentation, but never received any reply.)
594 NetBSD can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't use SCSI.
595
596 <p>For a simple test with the ramdisk/install kernel, try
597 dowloading<pre>
598 <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
599
600 </pre>and run&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><tt>gxemul -x -e o2 netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt></b>.
601
602 <p>It is possible to set up an environment for netbooting the emulated SGI
603 machine off of another emulated machine. Performing this setup is quite
604 time consuming, but necessary:
605
606 <p>
607 <ol>
608 <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
609 This needs to have a 750 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
610 <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 from CDROM</a>.
611 (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
612 <p>
613 <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
614 Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
615 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
616 </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
617 inside the emulator:
618 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
619 <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
620 echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
621 echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
622 echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate
623 echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports
624 echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
625 echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
626 echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
627 echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
628 printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams
629 echo "bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -d 4 -h 10.0.0.2" &gt;&gt; /etc/inetd.conf
630 cat &gt;&gt; /etc/bootptab
631 client:\
632 :ht=ether:\
633 :ha=102030000010:\
634 :sm=255.0.0.0:\
635 :lg=10.0.0.254:\
636 :ip=10.0.0.1:\
637 :rp=/tftpboot:
638 </b>(press CTRL-D)
639 <b>echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" &gt; /etc/ethers
640 echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
641 reboot</b>
642 </pre></td></tr></table>
643 <li>Start the DECstation emulation again, and download the
644 NetBSD/sgimips distribution sets:<br>(NOTE: This
645 takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
646 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
647 <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.se.netbsd.org</b>
648 (log in as anonymous...)
649 <b>cd /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/sgimips/binary/sets
650 mget base.tgz comp.tgz etc.tgz games.tgz man.tgz misc.tgz text.tgz
651 quit
652 sh
653 for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; rm -f $a; done
654 echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
655 echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
656 dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32768
657 halt</b>
658 </pre></td></tr></table>
659 <li>Download the NetBSD/sgimips GENERIC and INSTALL kernels:<pre>
660 <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</a>
661 <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
662
663 </pre>
664 <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
665 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
666 <font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for running NetBSD/sgimips diskless with
667 ! a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.</font>
668
669 <b> net(
670 add_remote("localhost:12444") </b>! the server<b>
671 local_port(12445) </b>! the client<b>
672 )
673
674 machine(
675 name("client machine")
676 serial_nr(1)
677
678 type("sgi")
679 subtype("o2")
680
681 load("netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz")</b>
682 ! load("netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz")<b>
683 )
684 </b>
685 </pre></td></tr></table>
686 ... and another configuration file for the server,
687 <tt>config_server</tt>:
688 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
689 <b> net(
690 local_port(12444) </b>! the server<b>
691 add_remote("localhost:12445") </b>! the client<b>
692 )
693
694 machine(
695 name("nfs server")
696 serial_nr(2)
697
698 type("dec")
699 subtype("5000/200")
700
701 disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
702 )
703 </b>
704 </pre></td></tr></table>
705 <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the NetBSD/sgimips
706 "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
707 in one xterm:
708 <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
709
710 and then, in another xterm:
711 <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
712
713 </pre>
714 <li>In the NetBSD/sgimips window, choose "<tt>x: Exit Install System</tt>"
715 in the installer's main menu, and then type:<pre>
716 <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254</b>
717 <b>mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt</b>
718 <b>cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt</b>
719 <b>halt</b>
720 </pre>Then, once the client machine has halted, log in as <tt>root</tt>
721 on the server machine and type <tt><b>reboot</b></tt>.
722 <p>
723 <li>Once everything has been set up correctly, change
724 <tt>netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt> in <tt>config_client</tt> to
725 <tt>netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</tt> (the GENERIC kernel).
726 </ol>
727
728 <p>You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
729 run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client machine
730 actually does on the network.
731
732 <p>It should now be possible to boot NetBSD/sgimips using the NetBSD/pmax
733 nfs server, using the following commands: (NOTE! Execute these two
734 commands in separate xterms!)<pre>
735 <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
736 <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
737 </pre>
738
739 <p>When asked for "<tt>root device:</tt>" etc. on the client machine, enter
740 the following values:<pre>
741 root device: <b>mec0</b>
742 dump device: <b>(leave blank)</b>
743 file system (default generic): <b>(leave blank)</b>
744 ..
745 init path (default /sbin/init): <b>(leave blank)</b>
746 Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh: <b>(leave blank)</b>
747 Terminal type? [unknown] <b>xterm</b>
748 ..
749 # <b>exit</b> (to leave the single-user shell)
750 </pre>
751
752 <p>Note: Netbooting like this is very slow, so you need a lot of patience.
753 For example, when NetBSD says "<tt>nfs_boot: trying DHCP/BOOTP</tt>",
754 there will be a long pause, even on a very fast host machine. The reason
755 for this is mostly because the emulator doesn't deal with timing issues
756 very well, but also because NetBSD tries IPv6 first, before falling back
757 to IPv4.
758
759
760
761
762
763
764 <p><br>
765 <a name="netbsdcatsinstall"></a>
766 <h3>NetBSD/cats:</h3>
767
768 It is possible to install and run
769 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cats/">NetBSD/cats</a> in GXemul.
770
771 <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
772 <a href="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
773
774 <p>
775 To install NetBSD/cats onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
776
777 <p>
778 <ol start="1">
779 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
780 that you will install NetBSD/cats onto:<pre>
781 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
782
783 </pre>
784 <li>Download the NetBSD/cats 3.0 ISO image and the generic and install kernels:<pre>
785 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/catscd-3.0.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/catscd-3.0.iso</a>
786 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</a>
787 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
788
789 </pre>
790 <p>
791 <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
792 <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d catscd-3.0.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
793
794 </pre>
795 and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
796 CATS from CDROM.
797 </ol>
798
799 <p>Alternatively, to install from FTP, you can skip downloading the ISO,
800 and start the install without <tt>-d catscd-3.0.iso</tt>. Suitable network
801 settings are IP 10.0.0.1, gateway/default route 10.0.0.254, netmask
802 255.0.0.0, nameserver 10.0.0.254.
803
804 <p>If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
805 Use the following command line to boot the emulated CATS machine:<pre>
806 <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</b>
807
808 </pre>
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816 <p><br>
817 <a name="netbsdevbarminstall"></a>
818 <h3>NetBSD/evbarm:</h3>
819
820 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbarm/">NetBSD/evbarm</a> can
821 run in GXemul on an emulated IQ80321 evaluation board.
822
823 <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
824 <a href="20060218-netbsd-evbarm.png"><img src="20060218-netbsd-evbarm_small.png"></a>
825
826 <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
827 kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/evbarm distribution onto a disk
828 image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
829
830 <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbarm onto a disk
831 image, from an emulated CATS machine:
832
833 <p>
834 <ol>
835 <li>Install NetBSD/cats 3.0 according to instructions
836 <a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">further up on this page</a>.
837 <p>
838 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
839 that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
840 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_iq80321.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
841
842 </pre>
843 <li>Download an IQ80321 kernel with wdc support, and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
844 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel/netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz">netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz</a>
845 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbarmcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbarmcd.iso</a>
846
847 </pre>
848 <p>
849 <li>The first step is to copy the .tgz files we want onto the CATS
850 machine's harddisk. Start the CATS machine like this:<pre>
851 <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d evbarmcd.iso netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</b>
852
853 </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
854 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
855 <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt; cd /root; cp /mnt/evbarm/binary/sets/[bcegmt]* .
856 sync; halt</b>
857 </pre></td></tr></table>
858 <p>
859 <li>Now let's extract the files onto the IQ80321's disk image. Start the
860 CATS machine again, with the following command line:<pre>
861 <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d nbsd_iq80321.img netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</b>
862
863 </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
864 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
865 <b>disklabel -I -i wd1</b>
866 (enter suitable commands, e.g. <i>a, 4.2BSD, 1c, 750M, b,
867 swap, a, 200M, P, W, y, Q</i>)
868 <b>newfs /dev/wd1a; mount /dev/wd1a /mnt; cd /mnt; sh
869 for a in /root/[bcegmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
870 exit
871 cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
872 echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
873 echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" &gt; fstab
874 echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" &gt;&gt; fstab
875 cd /; umount /mnt; sync; halt</b>
876 </pre></td></tr></table>
877 </ol>
878
879 <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbarm using this command:<pre>
880 <b>gxemul -xEiq80321 -d nbsd_iq80321.img netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz</b>
881 </pre>
882
883
884
885
886
887
888 <p><br>
889 <a name="netbsdprepinstall"></a>
890 <h3>NetBSD/prep:</h3>
891
892 It is possible to install and run
893 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a> 2.1 in GXemul
894 on an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machine. (NetBSD 3.0 uses the wdc
895 controller in a way which isn't implemented in GXemul yet.)
896
897 <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
898 <a href="20051123-netbsd-prep.png"><img src="20051123-netbsd-prep_small.png"></a>
899
900 <p>To install NetBSD/prep onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
901
902 <p>
903 <ol start="1">
904 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
905 that you will install NetBSD/prep onto:<pre>
906 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_prep.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1000000</b>
907
908 </pre>
909 <li>Download the NetBSD/prep 2.1 ISO image and the generic kernel:<pre>
910 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/prepcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/prepcd.iso</a>
911 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
912
913 </pre>
914 <p>
915 <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
916 <b>gxemul -x -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img -d rdb:prepcd.iso -j prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
917
918 </pre>
919 <p>
920 <li>Installation is a bit unsmooth, possibly due to bugs in GXemul,
921 possibly due to bugs in NetBSD itself; others have been having
922 problems on real hardware: <a href="http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-prep/2005/11/25/0004.html">http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-prep/2005/11/25/0004.html</a>.
923 Creating an MBR slice and a disklabel with sysinst bugs out, so
924 some things have to be done manually:<p>
925 At "<tt>(I)nstall, (S)hell, or (H)alt</tt>", choose
926 <tt><b><u>s</u></b></tt>.
927 <br><tt># <b><u>fdisk -u wd0</u></b></tt>
928 <br><tt>Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks? [n]</tt>
929 (just press <b>ENTER</b>)
930 <br><tt>Which partition do you want to change?: [none] <b><u>0</u></b></tt>
931 <br><tt>sysid: ... </tt> (just press <B>ENTER</b>)
932 <br><tt>start: ... <b><u>1cyl</u></b></tt>
933 <br><tt>size: ... </tt> (just press <B>ENTER</b>)
934 <br><tt>Which partition do you want to change?: [none]</tt> (press <b>ENTER</b>)
935 <br><tt>Should we write new partition table? [n] <b><u>y</u></b></tt>
936 <br><tt># <b><u>disklabel -I -i wd0</u></b></tt>
937 <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>a</u></b></tt>
938 <br><tt>Filesystem type [?] [unused]: <b><u>4.2BSD</u></b></tt>
939 <br><tt>Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>1c</u></b></tt>
940 <br><tt>Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>900M</u></b></tt>
941 <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>b</u></b></tt>
942 <br><tt>Filesystem type [?] [unused]: <b><u>swap</u></b></tt>
943 <br><tt>Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>a</u></b></tt>
944 <br><tt>Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>$</u></b></tt>
945 <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>W</u></b></tt>
946 <br><tt>Label disk [n]? <b><u>y</u></b></tt>
947 <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>Q</u></b></tt>
948 <br><tt># <b><u>newfs wd0a</u></b></tt>
949 <br><tt># <b><u>sysinst</u></b></tt>
950 <br>Choose to install onto <b>wd0</b>. Choose
951 "<tt>a: Edit the MBR partition table</tt>"
952 when presented with that option.
953 <br>Choose the 'a' partition/slice,
954 set the 'e' ("active") and 'f' ("install") fields to <b>Yes</b>,
955 and then choose "<tt>x: Partition table OK</tt>".
956 <br>Choose "<tt>b: Use existing partition sizes</tt>" in the next
957 menu.
958 <br>Select partition 'a' and press ENTER. Set field 'k' (mount point)
959 to '<tt><b>/</b></tt>'.
960 <br>Get out of the partitioner by selecting
961 "<tt>x: Partition sizes ok</tt>" twice.
962 <br>At "<tt>Write outside MBR partition? [n]:</tt>", just press
963 <b>ENTER</b>.
964 <br>Install from CD-ROM, device <b>wd1c</b>.
965 </ol>
966
967 <p>If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
968 Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
969 <b>gxemul -x -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
970
971 </pre>
972
973 <p>When asked which the root device is, type <tt><b>wd0</b></tt> and
974 just press ENTER to select the default values for dump device, file
975 system type, and init path.
976
977
978
979
980
981
982 <p><br>
983 <a name="openbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
984 <h3>OpenBSD/pmax:</h3>
985
986 Installing <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a> is
987 a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax. You should first read the <a
988 href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">section above</a> on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
989 before continuing here. If you have never installed OpenBSD on any
990 architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this. If, on
991 the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then this should be no
992 problem for you.
993
994 <p>
995 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
996 <a href="20040710-openbsd-pmax.png"><img src="20040710-openbsd-pmax_small.png"></a>
997 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
998 <a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a>
999
1000 <p>
1001 OpenBSD/pmax died at release 2.8 of OpenBSD, so you should be
1002 aware of the fact that this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD
1003 system.
1004
1005 <p>
1006 Following these instructions <i>might</i> work. If not, then use
1007 common sense and imagination to modify them as you see fit.
1008
1009 <p>
1010 <ol>
1011 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
1012 that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
1013 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=900000000</b>
1014
1015 </pre>
1016 <li>Download the entire pmax directory from the ftp server: (approx. 99 MB)<pre>
1017 <b>wget -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/</a></b>
1018
1019 </pre>
1020
1021 <li>Execute the following commands:
1022 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1023 <b>mv ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/simpleroot28.fs.gz .
1024 gunzip simpleroot28.fs.gz
1025 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b> &lt;--- make sure
1026 </pre></td></tr></table>
1027 <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
1028 (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
1029 already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
1030 to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
1031 <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
1032 <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b> <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
1033
1034 </pre>
1035 <li>Start the emulator with all three (!) disk images:<pre>
1036 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
1037
1038 </pre>
1039 (If you add <tt>-X</tt>, you will run with the graphical
1040 framebuffer. This is <i>REALLY</i> slow because the console has to
1041 scroll a lot during the install. I don't recommend it.)
1042 <p>
1043 <li>Go on with the installation as you would do if you were installing on a real machine.
1044 If you are not used to the OpenBSD installer, then this will most likely
1045 be a very uncomfortable experience. Some important things to keep in mind are:
1046 <ul>
1047 <li>rz0 is the rootdisk you wish to install onto.
1048 <li>rz1 is the simpleroot image.
1049 <li>rz2 is the CDROM containing the "install sets".
1050 <li>When asked for the "<b>root device?</b>", enter <b>rz1</b>.
1051 <li>At "<b>Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh:</b>", press enter.
1052 <li>At the # prompt, do the following:<pre>
1053 <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b> (and mark the filesystem as clean)
1054 <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
1055 <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
1056 <b>./install</b>
1057
1058 </pre>
1059 and proceed with the install. Good luck. :-)
1060 <li>Answer "<b>y</b>" when asked if you wish to configure the network.
1061 (See the section about installing NetBSD/pmax for suitable
1062 network settings.)
1063 <li>Install from "<b>c</b>" (cdrom), choose "<b>rz2</b>" as the cdrom device, and "<b>/</b>" as
1064 the directory containing the install sets.
1065 </ul>
1066 <p>
1067 <li>For some unknown reason, the install script does not set the root
1068 password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
1069 need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
1070 the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!<pre>
1071 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
1072 </pre>
1073 While you are at it, you might want to extract the X11 install sets
1074 as well, as the installer seems to ignore them too. (Perhaps due to a bug
1075 in the installer, perhaps because of the way I used mkisofs.)
1076 <p>
1077 Execute the following commands in the emulator:
1078 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1079 <b>fsck /dev/rz0a
1080 mount /
1081 passwd root
1082
1083 cd /; mount -t cd9660 /dev/rz2c /mnt; sh
1084 for a in /mnt/[xX]*; do tar zxvf $a; done
1085 ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin/Xcfbpmax /usr/X11R6/bin/X
1086 ln -s /dev/fb0 /dev/mouse
1087 echo /usr/X11R6/lib &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf
1088 ldconfig
1089
1090 sync
1091 halt</b>
1092 </pre></td></tr></table>
1093 </ol>
1094
1095 <p>
1096 NOTE: It is also possible to install via ftp instead of using a CDROM image.
1097 This is not much less awkward, you still need the simpleroot filesystem
1098 image, and you still have to manually add the X11 install sets and set the
1099 root password, and so on.
1100
1101 <p>
1102 Once you have completed the installation procedure, the following command
1103 will let you boot from the new rootdisk image:
1104 <pre>
1105 <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
1106 </pre>
1107
1108 <p>
1109 (Normally, you would be asked about which root device to use (<tt>rz0</tt>),
1110 but using <b><tt>-o '-aN'</tt></b> supresses that.)
1111
1112 <p>
1113 When asked for which terminal type to use, when logging in as root,
1114 enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are using the graphical framebuffer,
1115 <b><tt>vt100</tt></b> for text-mode.
1116 <br>Use <b><tt>startx</tt></b> to start X windows.
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126 <p><br>
1127 <a name="openbsdcatsinstall"></a>
1128 <h3>OpenBSD/cats:</h3>
1129
1130 It is possible to install and run
1131 <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">OpenBSD/cats</a>
1132 in GXemul.
1133
1134 <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1135 <a href="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
1136
1137 <p>To install OpenBSD/cats onto an emulated harddisk image,
1138 follow these instructions:
1139
1140 <p>
1141 <ol>
1142 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
1143 that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
1144 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1900000</b>
1145
1146 </pre>
1147 <li>Download the entire cats directory from the ftp server:<pre>
1148 <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/cats/">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/cats/</a></b>
1149 <b>cp ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/cats/bsd .</b>
1150 <b>cp ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/cats/bsd.rd .</b>
1151
1152 </pre>
1153 (Replace ftp.openbsd.org with a server closer to you, for
1154 increased download speed.)
1155 <p>
1156 <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
1157 (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
1158 already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
1159 to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
1160 <b>mkisofs -allow-lowercase -o openbsd_cats_3.9.iso ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
1161 <b>rm -rf ftp.openbsd.org</b> <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
1162
1163 </pre>
1164 <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
1165 <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img -d openbsd_cats_3.9.iso bsd.rd</b>
1166
1167 </pre>
1168 and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
1169 on a real CATS. (Install onto <tt>wd0</tt>, don't configure the
1170 network, install from CD.)
1171 </ol>
1172
1173 <p>(Although it <i>is</i> possible to configure the network, IPv4 address
1174 10.0.0.1, netmask 255.0.0.0, gateway/default route 10.0.0.254, and
1175 nameserver 10.0.0.254, the userland NAT-like networking layer is not
1176 stable enough yet to support a full install via ftp.)
1177
1178 <p><b>NOTE:</b> Make sure that you <tt>sync</tt> and <tt>reboot</tt>
1179 correctly once the installation is finished, or the <tt>/dev</tt> nodes
1180 may not have been written correctly to disk.
1181
1182 <p>Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
1183 boot from the harddisk image:
1184
1185 <p><pre>
1186 <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img bsd</b>
1187
1188 </pre>
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196 <p><br>
1197 <a name="ultrixinstall"></a>
1198 <h3>Ultrix/RISC:</h3>
1199
1200 Ultrix 4.x can run in GXemul on an emulated DECstation 5000/200.
1201 (Ultrix was the native OS for these machines, but NetBSD/pmax is
1202 also usable.)
1203
1204 <p>
1205 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1206 <a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.png"></a>
1207 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1208 <a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.png"></a>
1209
1210 <p>
1211 The following instructions should let you install Ultrix onto a disk image:
1212
1213 <ol>
1214 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
1215 that Ultrix installs itself onto:<pre>
1216 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=rootdisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=800000</b>
1217
1218 </pre>
1219 <li>Place your Ultrix installation media in your CDROM drive.
1220 (On FreeBSD and similar systems, it is called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>.
1221 Replace that with the name of your CDROM drive, or the name of a
1222 .iso image file.) Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
1223 <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
1224
1225 </pre>
1226 <li>Once the first stage of the installation is done (restoring the root
1227 filesystem), you need to restart the emulator, booting from the
1228 new rootdisk, to continue the installation process.
1229 This is done by removing the bootflag ('<tt>b</tt>') from the second
1230 diskimage argument:<pre>
1231 <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
1232
1233 </pre>
1234 </ol>
1235
1236 <p>
1237 When the installation is completed, the following command should start
1238 Ultrix from the harddisk image:<pre>
1239 <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
1240 </pre>
1241
1242 <p>If you have a very fast host machine, you might experience a weird
1243 timer related bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is
1244 triggered when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine
1245 was capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add
1246 <b><tt>-I33000000</tt></b> to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million
1247 instructions per emulated second. (When using <tt><b>-CR4400</b></tt>,
1248 <b><tt>-I16000000</tt></b> should be used instead.)
1249
1250 <p>
1251 You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
1252 dual-headed workstation) or even <b><tt>-Z3</tt></b> (tripple-headed), and
1253 also the <b><tt>-Y2</tt></b> option for scaling down the framebuffer
1254 windows by a factor 2x2.
1255 There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> option for supplying names of X11
1256 displays to use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated
1257 tripple-headed workstation, on three different displays (<tt>remote1:0.0</tt>,
1258 <tt>localhost:0.0</tt>, and <tt>remote2:0.0</tt>), using no scaledown:<pre>
1259 <b>gxemul -N -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
1260 -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost:0.0 -z remote2:0.0</b>
1261 </pre>
1262
1263 <p>
1264 The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
1265 GXemul on an Alpha 21164PC, with displays on a Sun Ultra1 (to the left),
1266 on the Alpha itself (in the middle), and on an HP700/RX X-terminal (8-bit
1267 color depth, running off the Alpha) to the right.
1268
1269 <p>
1270 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1271 <a href="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead.jpg"><img src="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead_small.jpg"></a>
1272
1273 <p>
1274 The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
1275 there is no way yet to set the scaledown factor on a per-window basis, so
1276 the scaledown factor affects all windows.
1277
1278 <p>
1279 (If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
1280 compiled your own <tt>/vmunix</tt>, then it will not contain support for
1281 multiple graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel,
1282 <tt><b>-j genvmunix</b></tt>, whenever you are running the emulator with a
1283 different setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
1284
1285 <p>
1286 A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
1287 to Ultrix, so that is possible to run as well. If you are unsuccessful
1288 in installing Ultrix or OSF/1 directly in the emulator, you can always
1289 install it on your real machine onto a real SCSI disk, and then copy the
1290 contents of that SCSI disk into a file (using <b><tt>dd(1)</tt></b>), and use
1291 that file as a disk image file in the emulator.
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298 <p><br>
1299 <a name="sprite"></a>
1300 <h3>Sprite for DECstation:</h3>
1301
1302 Sprite was a research operating system at the University of Berkeley.
1303 The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS, <a href="http://www.tuhs.org">www.tuhs.org</a>)
1304 has made available a copy of a Sprite harddisk image for a DECstation 5000/200.
1305 If you want to find out more about Sprite in general, read
1306 <a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">
1307 http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html</a>.
1308
1309 <p>
1310 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1311 <a href="20040711-sprite-1.png"><img src="20040711-sprite-1_small.png"></a>
1312 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1313 <a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a>
1314
1315 <p>
1316 The following instructions should let you run Sprite in the emulator:
1317
1318 <p>
1319 <ol>
1320 <li>Download the Sprite harddisk image:<pre>
1321 <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt</a>
1322 83973120 bytes, MD5 = ec84eeeb20fe77b758370d5e312e4a5e
1323
1324 </pre>
1325 <li>Start the emulator with the following command line:<pre>
1326 <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -M128 -d ds5000.bt -j vmsprite -o ''</b>
1327
1328 </pre>
1329 </ol>
1330
1331 <p>
1332 The first time you boot up with the disk image, you will be asked a number
1333 of questions regarding network settings. If you feel like entering correct
1334 values, then you should use the following:
1335 <p>
1336
1337 <pre>
1338 Your machine's Ethernet address: 10:20:30:00:00:10
1339 Your machine's IP: 10.0.0.1
1340 Subnet mask: 0xff000000
1341 Gateway's Ethernet address: 60:50:40:30:20:10
1342 Gateway's IP: 10.0.0.254
1343 </pre>
1344
1345 <p>
1346 Unfortunately, at the end of <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt</a>,
1347 the following sad statement can be found:
1348 <pre>
1349 The bootable Sprite image is meant to be a demonstration of Sprite, not
1350 a robust Sprite system. There are several missing things, such as
1351 floating point and network support.
1352 </pre>
1353
1354 <p>Once you are logged in as root, running <b><tt>xinit</tt></b> will
1355 start the X11 environment.
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362 <p><br>
1363 <a name="declinux"></a>
1364 <h3>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation:</h3>
1365
1366 It is possible to run Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in the emulator,
1367 on an emulated 5000/200 ("3max"). Although the Debian project has released
1368 install ramdisk kernels for this purpose, these do not always work:
1369 <ul>
1370 <li>Serial console output doesn't work too well in GXemul. Linux
1371 oopses randomly, which may be due to bugs in GXemul, but may
1372 also be due to bugs in the serial controller code in Linux.
1373 (The speed at which serial interrupts are generated can be
1374 lowered with the <tt>-U</tt> command line option, but it only
1375 reduces the risk, it doesn't take away the oopses completely.)
1376 <li>Old install kernels supported the graphical framebuffer on the
1377 3max, but not the keyboard.
1378 <li>For quite some time, the MIPS linux cvs tree had support for the
1379 keyboard, but it did <i>not</i> include Debian's patches for
1380 networking. (Perhaps this has been fixed now, I don't know.)
1381 </ul>
1382
1383 <p>David Muse has made available a precompiled install kernel which
1384 has support for framebuffer, keyboard, and networking, which works
1385 pretty well. Thanks David. :-)
1386
1387 <p>
1388 The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation
1389 onto a harddisk image:
1390
1391 <p>
1392 <ol>
1393 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
1394 that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
1395 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3300000</b>
1396
1397 </pre>
1398 <li>Download David Muse' install kernel, and a Debian Netinstall CD-ROM:<pre>
1399 <a href="http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31">http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31</a>
1400 <a href="http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/3.1_r0a/mipsel/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso">http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/3.1_r0a/mipsel/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso</a>
1401
1402 </pre>
1403 <p>
1404 <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
1405 <b>gxemul -X -e3max -d debian_pmax.img -d debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
1406 </pre>
1407
1408 <p>If everything goes well, you will see Linux' boot messages, and then
1409 arrive at the language chooser.
1410
1411 <p>
1412 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-1.png"><img src="debian-1-small.png"></a>
1413 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-2.png"><img src="debian-2-small.png"></a>
1414 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-3.png"><img src="debian-3-small.png"></a>
1415 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-4.png"><img src="debian-4-small.png"></a>
1416
1417 <p>There will be a warning about the keyboard
1418 layout. Don't mind this. Continue, and then select <b>Detect
1419 and mount CD-ROM</b> in the next menu.
1420
1421 <p>
1422 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-5.png"><img src="debian-5-small.png"></a>
1423 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-6.png"><img src="debian-6-small.png"></a>
1424 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-7.png"><img src="debian-7-small.png"></a>
1425 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-8.png"><img src="debian-8-small.png"></a>
1426
1427 <p>
1428 There will also be a warning about lack of loadable modules. Don't
1429 mind this either, continue anyway by choosing <b>Yes</b>.
1430 <p>
1431 When you reach the network configuration part of the install, choose
1432 <b>Configure network manually</b> and enter the following values:<pre>
1433 IP address: <b>10.0.0.1</b>
1434 Netmask: <b>255.0.0.0</b>
1435 Gateway: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
1436 Name server addresses: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
1437
1438 </pre>
1439 <p>Choose <b>Erase entire disk</b> in the partitioner.
1440
1441 <p>Wait for the base system to be installed. This takes almost forever,
1442 so you can go fetch several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolt_Cola">Jolts</a>
1443 or cups of coffee in the meanwhile.
1444
1445 <p>
1446 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-9.png"><img src="debian-9-small.png"></a>
1447 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-10.png"><img src="debian-10-small.png"></a>
1448 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-11.png"><img src="debian-11-small.png"></a>
1449 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-12.png"><img src="debian-12-small.png"></a>
1450
1451 <p>Congratulations! The first phase of the installation is now completed.
1452 Reboot using the following command line:<pre>
1453 <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
1454
1455 </pre>
1456 <p>The post-install step takes quite some time as well. A perfect opportunity
1457 for more coffee.
1458
1459 <p>When asked about "Apt configuration", choose <b>http</b> as the method
1460 to use for accessing the Debian archive.
1461
1462 <p>
1463 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-13.png"><img src="debian-13-small.png"></a>
1464 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-14.png"><img src="debian-14-small.png"></a>
1465 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-15.png"><img src="debian-15-small.png"></a>
1466
1467 <p>Downloading the packages takes almost forever. Be patient.
1468
1469 <p>Congratulations (again)! You are now fully done with the installation.
1470
1471 </ol>
1472
1473 <p><br>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation is now installed and ready to be used.
1474 Use this command to boot from the installed disk image:<pre>
1475 <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
1476
1477 </pre>
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485 <p><br>
1486 <a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
1487 <h3>Redhat Linux for DECstation:</h3>
1488
1489
1490 <p>
1491 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1492 <a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a>
1493
1494 <p>
1495 The following steps should let you run Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:
1496
1497 <p>
1498 <ol>
1499 <li>Download a kernel. David Muse' Debian-install kernel works fine:<pre>
1500 <a href="http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31">http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31</a>
1501
1502 </pre>
1503 <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
1504 <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/</a>
1505 <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
1506 19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
1507
1508 </pre>
1509 <li>Create a disk image which will contain the Redhat filesystem:<pre>
1510 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=redhat_mips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
1511
1512 </pre>
1513 <li>This is the tricky part: on redhat_mips.img, you need to create an MS-DOS
1514 (!) partition table, and then an ext2 partition. This is what Linux
1515 will then see as /dev/sda1.
1516 <p>I recommend you run fdisk and mke2fs and untar the archive from within
1517 Debian/DECstation or <a href="#debiancats">Debian/CATS</a> running
1518 inside the emulator. (Alternatively, if you are on a Linux host,
1519 you could use a loopback mount, or similar. This might require
1520 root access. See e.g.
1521 <a href="http://www.mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/index.php/Disk%20Images%20Under%20Linux">http://www.mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/index.php/Disk%20Images%20Under%20Linux</a>.)
1522 <p>
1523 In order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
1524 Change<pre>
1525 /dev/root / nfs defaults 1 1
1526 #/dev/sdc1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
1527 none /proc proc defaults 0 0
1528 none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622 0 0
1529
1530 </pre>to<pre>
1531 #/dev/root / nfs defaults 1 1
1532 /dev/sda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
1533 none /proc proc defaults 0 0
1534 none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622 0 0
1535
1536 </pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
1537 </ol>
1538
1539 <p>To boot Redhat linux from the disk image, use the following command line:<pre>
1540 <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o "root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat_mips.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
1541
1542 </pre>
1543 If you need to boot into single user mode, change options to
1544 <tt><b>-o "root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh"</b></tt>.
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552 <p><br>
1553 <hr>
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561 <p><br>
1562 <a name="mach"></a>
1563 <h3>Mach/PMAX:</h3>
1564
1565 Read the following link if you want to know more about Mach in general:
1566 <a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">
1567 http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html</a>
1568
1569 <p>
1570 <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Mach for DECstation requires some files
1571 (called 'startup' and 'emulator') which I haven't been able to find
1572 on the web. Without these, Mach will not get very far. These
1573 installation instructions are preliminary.
1574 </font>
1575
1576 <p>
1577 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1578 <a href="20041018-mach_pmax.png"><img src="20041018-mach_pmax_small.png"></a>
1579
1580 <p>
1581 The following steps should let you experiment with running Mach
1582 for DECstation in the emulator:
1583
1584 <p>
1585 <ol>
1586 <li>Compile gxemul with cache emulation: (<b>NOTE: --enable-caches</b>)<pre>
1587 <b>./configure --enable-caches; make</b>
1588
1589 </pre>
1590 <li>Download the pmax binary distribution for Mach 3.0:<pre>
1591 <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/</a>
1592 <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
1593 7263343 bytes, md5 = f9d76c240a6e169921a1df99ad560cc0
1594
1595 </pre>
1596 <li>Extract the Mach kernel:<pre>
1597 <b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
1598
1599 </pre>
1600 <li>Create an empty disk image:<pre>
1601 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=1 count=512 seek=400000000</b>
1602
1603 </pre>
1604 <li>Load the contents of pmax.tar.Z onto the disk image. This is
1605 complicated, and should be described in more detail some time.
1606 For now, use your imagination. (For example using OpenBSD/pmax:
1607 <i>disklabel -E rz1; newfs -O /dev/rz1a;
1608 mount /dev/rz1a /mnt; cd /mnt; download pmax.tar.Z using ftp;
1609 tar xzvf pmax.tar.Z; mv pmax_mach/* .; rmdir pmax_mach;
1610 mkdir mach_servers;
1611 cd mach_servers;
1612 cp ../etc/mach_init .;
1613 cp ../tests/test_service startup;
1614 dd if=/dev/zero of=paging_file bs=65536 count=400;
1615 cd /; sync; umount /mnt</i>)
1616 <p>
1617 <li>Start the emulator with the following command:<pre>
1618 <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
1619 pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
1620
1621 </pre>
1622 </ol>
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630 <p><br>
1631 <a name="openbsdsgiinstall"></a>
1632 <h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>
1633
1634 <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
1635 can (almost) run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
1636
1637 <p>
1638 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1639 <a href="20050617-openbsd-sgi.png"><img src="20050617-openbsd-sgi_small.png"></a>
1640
1641 <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded all the way with
1642 this yet, and this shows/triggers many bugs in the emulator, but some of
1643 it works.</font>
1644
1645 <p>GXemul does not yet emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have
1646 mailed Adaptec several times, asking for documentation, but never received
1647 any reply.) OpenBSD/sgi can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't
1648 use SCSI. For a simple test with the ramdisk (install) kernel, try dowloading<pre>
1649 <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd.rd">bsd.rd</a>
1650
1651 </pre>and run <b><tt>gxemul -xeo2 bsd.rd</tt></b>.
1652
1653 <p>It might also be possible to netboot. Another emulated machine must
1654 then be used as the nfs root server, and the emulated O2 machine must boot
1655 as a <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=diskless&amp;manpath=OpenBSD+Current&amp;format=html">diskless</a>
1656 client. Performing this setup is quite time consuming, but necessary:
1657
1658 <p>
1659 <ol>
1660 <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
1661 This needs to have a 800 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
1662 <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 from CDROM</a>.
1663 (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
1664 <p>
1665 <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
1666 Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
1667 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
1668 </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
1669 inside the emulator:
1670 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1671 <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1672 echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1673 echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
1674 echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate
1675 echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports
1676 echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1677 echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1678 echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1679 echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1680 printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams
1681 echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" &gt; /etc/ethers
1682 echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
1683 reboot</b>
1684 </pre></td></tr></table>
1685 <li>Start the DECstation emulation again, and enter the following
1686 commands to download the OpenBSD/sgi distribution:<br>(NOTE: This
1687 takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
1688 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1689 <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
1690 (log in as anonymous...)
1691 <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi
1692 mget b*tgz c*tgz e* g* m*
1693 quit
1694 sh
1695 for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
1696 echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
1697 rm *.tgz
1698 dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32768
1699 halt</b>
1700 </pre></td></tr></table>
1701 <li>Download the OpenBSD/sgi GENERIC and RAMDISK kernels:<pre>
1702 <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd</a>
1703 <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
1704
1705 </pre>
1706 <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
1707 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1708 <font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
1709 ! a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
1710 !
1711 ! This config file is for the client.</font>
1712
1713 <b> net(
1714 add_remote("localhost:12444") </b>! the server<b>
1715 local_port(12445) </b>! the client<b>
1716 )
1717
1718 machine(
1719 name("client machine")
1720 serial_nr(1)
1721
1722 type("sgi")
1723 subtype("o2")
1724
1725 </b>! load("bsd")<b>
1726 load("bsd.rd")
1727 )
1728 </b>
1729 </pre></td></tr></table>
1730 ... and another configuration file for the server,
1731 <tt>config_server</tt>:
1732 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1733 <b> net(
1734 local_port(12444) </b>! the server<b>
1735 add_remote("localhost:12445") </b>! the client<b>
1736 )
1737
1738 machine(
1739 name("nfs server")
1740 serial_nr(2)
1741
1742 type("dec")
1743 subtype("5000/200")
1744
1745 disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
1746 )
1747 </b>
1748 </pre></td></tr></table>
1749 <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the OpenBSD/sgi
1750 "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
1751 in one xterm:
1752 <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
1753
1754 and then, in another xterm:
1755 <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
1756
1757 </pre>
1758 <li>In the OpenBSD/sgi window, choose "<tt>s</tt>" (for Shell), and type:
1759 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1760 <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254
1761 mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt
1762 cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt
1763 halt</b>
1764 </pre></td></tr></table>
1765 You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
1766 run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client
1767 machine actually does on the network. The <tt>MAKEDEV</tt> script
1768 takes almost forever, so be patient.
1769 </ol>
1770
1771
1772 <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Everything up to this point should work.
1773 However, the next step (in gray) doesn't actually work:</font>
1774
1775 <p><font color="#888888">Once everything has been set up correctly, change
1776 <tt>bsd.rd</tt> in <tt>config_client</tt> to just <tt>bsd</tt> (the GENERIC
1777 kernel). It should now be possible to boot OpenBSD/sgi using the NetBSD/pmax
1778 nfs server. (When asked for "<tt>root device :</tt>" on the OpenBSD machine,
1779 enter <tt><b>mec0</b></tt>.)</font>
1780
1781 <p><font color="#ff0000">But it doesn't work. Probably because GXemul's
1782 implementation of the mec (ethernet card used in the O2) is too much of
1783 a quick hack. For now, use the <tt>bsd.rd</tt> kernel, and (at every
1784 boot) type:</font><pre>
1785 <b>s</b> (for Shell)
1786 <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254</b>
1787 <b>mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt</b>
1788 <b>cd /mnt; usr/sbin/chroot .</b>
1789 <b>sh etc/rc</b>
1790 </pre>
1791
1792 <p><font color="#ff0000">This will not cause OpenBSD to be booted
1793 normally, but at least a few basic things will work.
1794 By the way, the emulator performs so poorly, that you will have time to
1795 fetch several cups of coffee for each of the steps above.</font>
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805 <p><br>
1806 <a name="openbsdarcinstall"></a>
1807 <h3>OpenBSD/arc:</h3>
1808
1809 It is (almost) possible to install and run OpenBSD/arc on an emulated Acer
1810 PICA-61 in the emulator.
1811
1812 <p><font color="#e00000">Earlier, I had this guest OS listed as
1813 officially working in the emulator, but for several reasons, it has
1814 been moved down here to the "informative-but-not-really-working"
1815 section.</font>
1816
1817 <p>
1818 <ul>
1819 <li>The last OpenBSD/arc release was 2.3. This means that it is very
1820 old, it would not give a fair picture of what OpenBSD is (if you
1821 are just looking to find out what it is like), and it is not
1822 worth experimenting with it. See
1823 <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html</a>
1824 for more information.
1825 <li>OpenBSD/arc was (if I understood things correctly) never really
1826 stable, even on real hardare. Problems with too small an interrupt
1827 stack. Bugs are triggered in the emulator that have to do with
1828 issues such as this.
1829 </ul>
1830
1831 <p>
1832 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1833 <a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
1834
1835 <p>
1836 <font color="#e00000">Currently, I don't test for every release whether
1837 or not OpenBSD/arc can be installed. Releases prior to 0.3.7
1838 (but probably <i>not</i> 0.3.7) should work. Anyway, here are the
1839 old installation instructions:</font>
1840
1841 <p>To install OpenBSD/arc onto an emulated harddisk image, follow these
1842 instructions:
1843
1844 <p>
1845 <ol>
1846 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
1847 that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
1848 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
1849
1850 </pre>
1851 <li>Download the entire arc directory from the ftp server: (approx. 75 MB)<pre>
1852 <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>
1853
1854 </pre>
1855
1856 <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
1857 (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
1858 already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
1859 to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
1860 <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
1861
1862 </pre>
1863 <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
1864 <b>gxemul -e pica -X -d obsd_arc.img -d b:openbsd_arc_2.3.iso -j 2.3/arc/bsd.rd</b>
1865
1866 </pre>
1867 and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
1868 on a real Acer PICA-61. (Answer 'no' when asked if you want to
1869 configure networking, and then install from CD-ROM.)
1870 </ol>
1871
1872 <p>
1873 Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
1874 boot from the harddisk image:
1875 <p>
1876 <pre>
1877 <b>gxemul -X -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>
1878
1879 </pre>
1880
1881 The system is very sensitive to (I think) kernel stack overflow, so it
1882 crashes easily. If I remember correctly from mailing lists, this also
1883 happened on real hardware.
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895 <p><br>
1896 <a name="debiancats"></a>
1897 <h3>Debian GNU/Linux for CATS:</h3>
1898
1899 Debian GNU/Linux for CATS (ARM) could <i>theoretically</i> run in GXemul,
1900 however:
1901
1902 <ul>
1903 <li>The DEC 21143 NIC is not emulated well enough for Linux to accept it.
1904 <li>Development of Debian for CATS seems to have died? The latest
1905 install kernel is quite old.
1906 </ul>
1907
1908 <p><font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
1909
1910 <p>The following installation instructions would theoretically work:
1911
1912 <p>
1913 <ol>
1914 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
1915 that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
1916 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3300000</b>
1917
1918 </pre>
1919 <li>Download the tftpboot install kernel:<pre>
1920 <a href="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/oldstable/main/disks-arm/current/cats/tftpboot.img">http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/oldstable/main/disks-arm/current/cats/tftpboot.img</a>
1921
1922 </pre>
1923 <li>Start the installation using the following command line:<pre>
1924 <b>gxemul -XEcats -d debian_cats.img tftpboot.img</b>
1925
1926 </pre>
1927 </ol>
1928
1929 <p>It doesn't work, though, because the NIC isn't working well enough.
1930
1931 <p>The only use of Debian/CATS in the emulator right now is as a way to
1932 manipulate Linux disk images, if you are on a non-Linux host. By choosing
1933 "Execute a shell" in the installer's menu, you can have access to tools such as
1934 fdisk and mke2fs, which are useful for creating Linux paritions on disk images.
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943 <p><br>
1944 <a name="linux_qemu_mips"></a>
1945 <h3>Linux/QEMU_MIPS:</h3>
1946
1947 I've added a semi-bogus machine mode which tries to
1948 mimic the MIPS machine mode used in Fabrice Bellard's
1949 <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/">QEMU</a>.
1950
1951 <p>Follow these steps to download and run the Linux/QEMU_MIPS test
1952 ramdisk kernel:
1953
1954 <p><ol>
1955 <li>Download <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/mips-test-0.1.tar.gz">mips-test-0.1.tar.gz</a>
1956 from <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/download.html">http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/download.html</a>,
1957 and extract its contents (<tt>tar zxvf mips-test-0.1.tar.gz</tt>).
1958 <p>
1959 <li>Test it in GXemul using the following command line:<pre>
1960 <b>gxemul -E qemu_mips -o 'console=ttyS0 root=/dev/ram
1961 rd_start=0x80800000 rd_size=10000000 init=/bin/sh'
1962 0x80800000:mips-test/initrd mips-test/vmlinux-r1</b>
1963
1964 </pre>
1965 </ol>
1966
1967 <p><i>"QEMU is a FAST! processor emulator"</i> according to <a
1968 href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html">http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html</a>.
1969 Sometimes QEMU is faster than GXemul, sometimes it is the other way
1970 around. A quick (and quite unfair) test on my laptop (1.8 GHz Turion ML32,
1971 I think, in AMD64 mode) comparing QEMU 0.8.1 installed as a binary package
1972 from FreeBSD ports with GXemul gave the following result:
1973
1974 <p><pre>
1975 <b>while true; do ls -l > /dev/null; echo -n .; done</b>
1976 (80 x 36 dots)
1977 QEMU 0.8.1: 13 min 48 sec
1978 GXemul 20060711: 7 min 54 sec
1979 GXemul 0.4.1: 4 min 59 sec
1980
1981 <b>while true; do /usr/bin/md5sum /usr/bin/* > /dev/null; echo -n .; done</b>
1982 (80 dots)
1983 QEMU 0.8.1: 2 min 9 sec
1984 GXemul 20060711: 8 min 49 sec
1985 GXemul 0.4.1: 6 min 54 sec
1986
1987 <b>while true; do grep hej lib/libtextwrap.so.1 > /dev/null; echo -n .; done</b>
1988 (80 dots)
1989 QEMU 0.8.1: 10 min 5 sec
1990 GXemul 20060711: 3 min 8 sec
1991 GXemul 0.4.1: 1 min 42 sec
1992 </pre>
1993
1994 <p>The commands were run inside the emulators, using the ramdisk kernel
1995 mentioned above. (For GXemul, 2006-07-11 was the date when the QEMU_MIPS
1996 mode was added. Performance has since gotten a bit better in general, for
1997 non-R3000 MIPS emulation.)
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006 <p><br>
2007 <a name="windows_nt_mips"></a>
2008 <h3>Windows NT/MIPS:</h3>
2009
2010 Old versions of Windows NT could run on MIPS hardware, e.g.
2011 the PICA 61. It is theoretically possible that the emulation provided by
2012 GXemul some day could be stable/complete enough to emulate
2013 such hardware well enough to fool Windows NT into thinking
2014 that it is running on a real machine.
2015 <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
2016
2017 <p>Something like this would be done to install
2018 Windows NT onto a disk image:
2019
2020 <ol>
2021 <li>Put a "Windows NT 4.0 for MIPS" CDROM (or similar) into
2022 your CDROM drive. (On FreeBSD systems, it is
2023 usually called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt> or similar. Change
2024 that to whatever the CDROM is called on your system,
2025 or the name of a raw .iso image. I have tried this
2026 with the Swedish version, but it might work with
2027 other versions too.)
2028 <p>
2029 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
2030 that you will install Windows NT onto:<pre>
2031 $ <b><tt>dd if=/dev/zero of=winnt_test.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</tt></b>
2032
2033 </pre>
2034 <li>Run the ARC installer, to partition the disk image:<pre>
2035 $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\ARCINST</tt></b>
2036 </pre>
2037 Note that <tt>ARCINST</tt> <i>almost</i> works, but not quite.
2038 <p>
2039 <li>Run the SETUP program:<pre>
2040 $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\SETUPLDR</tt></b>
2041 </pre>
2042 </ol>
2043
2044 <p><tt>SETUPLDR</tt> manages to load some drivers from the cdrom,
2045 but then it crashes because of incomplete emulation of some hardware devices.
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053 <p><br>
2054 <a name="netbsdnetwinderinstall"></a>
2055 <h3>NetBSD/netwinder:</h3>
2056
2057 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/netwinder/">NetBSD/netwinder</a>
2058 could possibly run in GXemul.
2059 <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
2060
2061 <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
2062 kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk
2063 image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
2064
2065 <p>
2066 The following instructions will let you install the NetBSD/netwinder
2067 distribution onto a disk image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
2068
2069 <p>
2070 <ol>
2071 <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 according to instructions
2072 <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">further up on this page</a>.
2073 <p>
2074 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
2075 that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
2076 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_netwinder.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
2077
2078 </pre>
2079 <li>Download the generic kernel and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
2080 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
2081 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/netwindercd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/netwindercd.iso</a>
2082
2083 </pre>
2084 <p>
2085 <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
2086 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d nbsd_netwinder.img -d netwinder.iso</b>
2087
2088 </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
2089 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
2090 <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
2091 mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
2092 mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
2093 cd /mnt2; sh
2094 for a in /mnt/netwinder/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
2095 exit
2096 cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
2097 echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
2098 echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
2099 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
2100 </pre></td></tr></table>
2101 </ol>
2102
2103 <p>NetBSD/netwinder is now installed on the disk image. But actually
2104 running it does <b>not work yet</b>. Sorry.
2105
2106 <p>Something like the following command line would be used to start
2107 NetBSD, if it worked:<pre>
2108 <b>gxemul -E netwinder -d nbsd_netwinder.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
2109 </pre>
2110
2111 <p>Note: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
2112 <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
2113 swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
2114 generic kernel:<pre>
2115 root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
2116 dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
2117 file system (default generic): <i>(just press enter)</i>
2118 init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter)</i>
2119 </pre>
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128 <p><br>
2129 <a name="netbsdmacppcinstall"></a>
2130 <h3>NetBSD/macppc:</h3>
2131
2132 It is <font color="#ff0000"><b>ALMOST</b></font> possible to install and run
2133 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/">NetBSD/macppc</a> in GXemul
2134 on an emulated generic PowerPC machine. No specific Machintosh model
2135 is emulated, but it is enough to for NetBSD to recognize it.
2136
2137 <p>To install NetBSD/macppc onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
2138
2139 <p>
2140 <ol start="1">
2141 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
2142 that you will install NetBSD/macppc onto:<pre>
2143 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_macppc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
2144
2145 </pre>
2146 <li>Download the NetBSD/macppc 3.0 ISO image and a generic kernel:<pre>
2147 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/macppccd-3.0.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/macppccd-3.0.iso</a>
2148 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/macppc/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/macppc/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</a>
2149
2150 </pre>
2151 <p>
2152 <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
2153 <b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img -d b:macppccd-3.0.iso -j macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
2154
2155 </pre>
2156 </ol>
2157
2158 <p>If everything worked, NetBSD/macppc should now be installed on the disk image.
2159
2160 <p><font color="#ff0000"><b>2006-02-26:</b></font> That's it. The installation
2161 succeeds, but it is not possible to start from the newly installed disk.
2162 /sbin/init dies, so the following command doesn't really work yet:
2163
2164 <p>Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
2165 <b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</b>
2166
2167 </pre>
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173 </p>
2174
2175 </body>
2176 </html>

  ViewVC Help
Powered by ViewVC 1.1.26