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$Id: HISTORY,v 1.777 2005/06/12 12:31:52 debug Exp $
==============  RELEASE 0.3.3.1  ==============

20050609	Adding simple MIPS IPIs (to dev_mp).
20050611	Adding an ugly hack to track down low-reference bugs
		(define TRACE_NULL_CRASHES, or configure --tracenull).
		Other minor updates.
20050612	Adding a dummy evbmips mode.

==============  RELEASE 0.3.3.2  ==============


1 <html>
2 <head><title>GXemul documentation: Installing and running "guest OSes"</title>
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9 <b>GXemul documentation:</b></font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
10 <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Installing and running "guest OSes"</b>
11 </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
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13 <!--
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15 $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.50 2005/06/11 11:53:33 debug Exp $
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17 Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved.
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20 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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24 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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43
44 <a href="./">Back to the index</a>
45
46 <p><br>
47 <h2>Installing and running "guest OSes"</h2>
48
49 <p>
50 <ul>
51 <li><a href="#generalnotes">General notes on running "guest OSes"</a>
52 <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">Installing NetBSD/pmax in GXemul</a>
53 <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">Installing NetBSD/arc in GXemul</a>
54 <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">Installing NetBSD/hpcmips in GXemul</a>
55 <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">Installing NetBSD/cobalt in GXemul</a>
56 <!--
57 <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">Running NetBSD/sgimips in GXemul</a>
58 -->
59 <li><a href="#openbsdinstall">Installing OpenBSD/pmax in GXemul</a>
60 <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">Installing OpenBSD/arc in GXemul</a>
61 <!--
62 <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">Running OpenBSD/sgi in GXemul</a>
63 -->
64 <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Installing Ultrix/RISC in GXemul</a>
65 <li><a href="#sprite">Running Sprite for DECstation in GXemul</a>
66 <li><a href="#declinux">Installing Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in GXemul</a>
67 <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Running Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul</a>
68 <li><a href="#mach">Running Mach/PMAX in GXemul</a>
69 </ul>
70
71
72
73
74
75
76 <p><br>
77 <a name="generalnotes"></a>
78 <h3>General notes on running "guest OSes":</h3>
79
80 The emulator works well enough to run complete operating systems. These
81 are often refered to as "guest" operating systems.
82
83 <p>
84 Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
85 harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
86 using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
87 may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
88 system, the harddisk image looks and acts like a real disk.
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97 <p><br>
98 <a name="netbsdinstall"></a>
99 <h3>Installing NetBSD/pmax in GXemul:</h3>
100
101 <p>
102 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
103 <a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
104
105 <p>
106 To install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image in the emulator, follow these
107 instructions:
108
109 <p>
110 <ol start="1">
111 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
112 that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
113 $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=1900000000</b>
114
115 </pre>
116 </ol>
117
118 <p>
119 From this point, there are two separate ways to continue the installation.
120 You can either download a CD-ROM iso image (and let the installation
121 program copy files from the CD-ROM image to the harddisk image), or you
122 can install via ftp. For an installation from a CD-ROM image, follow these
123 steps:
124 <p>
125 <ol start="2">
126
127 <li>Download a NetBSD CD-ROM iso image:<pre>
128 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
129 or
130 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/pmaxcd.iso</a>
131
132 </pre>
133 <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
134 $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd.iso</b>
135 </pre>
136 </ol>
137 <p>
138 For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 and 3 above with these:
139 <p>
140 <ol start="2">
141
142 <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel, and gunzip it:<pre>
143 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
144 or
145 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
146
147 $ <b>gunzip netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
148
149 </pre>
150 <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
151 $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL</b>
152 </pre>
153 </ol>
154
155 <p>
156 (If you don't want to use a graphical framebuffer during the install,
157 you can remove <b>-X</b> from the command line, but then make sure you
158 choose 'vt100' when prompted with which terminal type to use, and not
159 'rcons'.)
160
161 <p>
162 Then proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
163 DECstation. If you are installing from the network, then suitable networking
164 parameters are as follows:<pre>
165 Which device shall I use? [le0]: <b>le0</b>
166 ..
167 Your DNS domain: <b>mydomain.com</b>
168 Your host name: <b>foo</b>
169 Your IPv4 number: <b>10.0.0.1</b>
170 IPv4 Netmask [0xff000000]: <b>0xff000000</b>
171 IPv4 gateway: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
172 IPv4 name server: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
173 </pre>
174
175 <p>
176 (If using 10.0.0.254 as the nameserver fails, then try entering the
177 IP number of a real-world nameserver instead.)
178
179 <p>
180 When the installation is completed, the following command should start
181 NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
182 $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
183 </pre>
184
185 <p>
186 Use <b>startx</b> to start X windows.
187
188 <p>
189 <font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</font> For some reason, NetBSD 2.0 doesn't
190 work with X out-of-the-box on pmax. It seems that this has to do with a
191 switch to WSCONS. For now, if you want X, then try NetBSD 1.6.2.
192
193 <p>
194 If you want to run without the X framebuffer, use this instead:<pre>
195 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
196 </pre>
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204 <p><br>
205 <a name="netbsdarcinstall"></a>
206 <h3>Installing NetBSD/arc in GXemul:</h3>
207
208 It is possible to run NetBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
209
210 <p>
211 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
212 <a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
213
214 <p>
215 To install NetBSD/arc from a CDROM image onto an emulated harddisk image,
216 follow these instructions:
217
218 <p>
219 <ol start="1">
220 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
221 that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
222 $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
223
224 </pre>
225 <li>Download a NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 CDROM image from ftp:<pre>
226 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
227
228 </pre>
229 <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
230 $ <b>gxemul -E arc -e pica -x -b -d nbsd_arc.img -d bc:arccd.iso \
231 -j arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</b>
232
233 </pre>
234 (Try removing <tt>-x</tt> if you have problems with the xterm.)
235 <p>
236 <li>From now on, you have to use your imagination, as there is no
237 automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc. Here are some tips
238 and hints on how you can proceed with the install:<pre>
239 $ <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2</b>
240 $ <b>disklabel -i -I sd0</b> (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
241 '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
242 $ <b>newfs /dev/sd0a</b>
243 $ <b>mount /dev/sd0a /mnt</b>
244 $ <b>cd /mnt</b>
245 $ <b>for a in /mnt2/arc/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar xzpf $a; done</b>
246 $ <b>cd dev; sh MAKEDEV all</b>
247 $ <b>cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;&gt; rc.conf</b>
248 $ <b>cat > /mnt/etc/fstab</b>
249 /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
250 /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
251 (ctrl-d)
252 $ <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2</b>
253 $ <b>halt</b>
254
255 </pre>
256 <li>Download a generic NetBSD/arc kernel,
257 and gunzip it:<pre>
258 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
259
260 </pre>
261 </ol>
262
263 <p>
264 You can now use the generic NetBSD/arc kernel to boot from the harddisk
265 image, using the following command:
266 <p>
267 <pre>
268 $ <b>gxemul -E arc -e pica -xb -d nbsd_arc.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
269
270 </pre>
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279 <p><br>
280 <a name="netbsdhpcmipsinstall"></a>
281 <h3>Installing NetBSD/hpcmips in GXemul:</h3>
282
283 It is possible to install NetBSD/hpcmips onto a disk image, on an an
284 emulated MobilePro 770, 780, 800, or 880. The emulator treats the
285 different machine models as being almost identical; the most important
286 difference is regarding the framebuffer.
287
288 <p>
289 <table border="0">
290 <tr>
291 <td width="80">&nbsp;</td>
292 <td><u>Model:</u></td>
293 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
294 <td><u>Framebuffer size/depth:</u></td>
295 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
296 <td><u>Framebuffer address:</u></td>
297 </tr>
298 <tr>
299 <td></td>
300 <td>MobilePro 770 (<super>*2</super>)</td>
301 <td></td>
302 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
303 <td></td>
304 <td>0xa000000</td>
305 </tr>
306 <tr>
307 <td></td>
308 <td>MobilePro 780</td>
309 <td></td>
310 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
311 <td></td>
312 <td>0xa180100 (<super>*</super>)</td>
313 </tr>
314 <tr>
315 <td></td>
316 <td>MobilePro 800</td>
317 <td></td>
318 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
319 <td></td>
320 <td>0xa000000</td>
321 </tr>
322 <tr>
323 <td></td>
324 <td>MobilePro 880</td>
325 <td></td>
326 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
327 <td></td>
328 <td>0xa0ea600 (<super>*</super>)</td>
329 </tr>
330 </table>
331
332 <p>
333 (<super>*</super>) = not aligned at a 4 KB boundary, so it will not work
334 efficiently with the current bintrans system. Using this mode will still
335 work, but each load and store will be emulated much more slowly than is
336 possible with an aligned framebuffer.
337
338 <p>
339 (<super>*2</super>) = The MobilePro 770's cursor keys work differently
340 than the other models, for some reason. (This is a known bug.)
341
342 <p>
343 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
344 <a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1_small.png"></a>
345 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
346 <a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2_small.png"></a>
347
348 <p>
349 These instructions show an example of how to install
350 NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro 800:
351
352 <p>
353 <ol start="1">
354 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
355 that you will install NetBSD/hpcmips onto:<pre>
356 $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1990000</b>
357
358 </pre>
359 <li>Download the NetBSD 2.0 for hpcmips ISO image:<pre>
360 <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/hpcmipscd.iso">hpcmipscd.iso</a>
361
362 </pre>(You may want to choose a mirror closer to you, if .se is slow.)
363 <p>
364 <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
365 $ <b>gxemul -E hpc -e mobilepro800 -b -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img \
366 -d b:hpcmipscd.iso -j hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</b>
367
368 </pre>
369 and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
370 MobilePro 800. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
371 doing the MBR partitioning, and choose wd1d (not cd0c) as the
372 CDROM device to install from.)
373 </ol>
374
375 <p>
376 If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
377 GXemul does not (yet) support reading the kernel directly from the
378 disk image, so you need to download a generic kernel separately:<pre>
379 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
380
381 </pre>
382
383 <p>
384 Once you have gunziped the generic kernel, you can now use it to boot from
385 the harddisk image, using the following command:<pre>
386 $ <b>gxemul -E hpc -e mobilepro800 -b -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
387
388 </pre>
389
390 <p>
391 When you have logged in as root, you can use <b>startx</b> to start X
392 Windows. (Note: There is no mouse support yet; you can only use
393 keyboard input.)
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402 <p><br>
403 <a name="netbsdcobaltinstall"></a>
404 <h3>Installing NetBSD/cobalt in GXemul:</h3>
405
406 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
407 to install, because the Cobalt machines were designed for Linux, and not
408 very flexible. There is no INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt. One way to
409 install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to do it from
410 another (emulated) machine.
411
412 <p>
413 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
414 <a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a>
415
416 <p>
417 The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/cobalt onto a disk
418 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
419
420 <p>
421 <ol>
422 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
423 that you will install NetBSD/cobalt onto:<pre>
424 $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1999000</b>
425
426 </pre>
427 <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt (and gunzip it) and
428 the 2.0 ISO image:<pre>
429 <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
430 <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/cobaltcd.iso">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/cobaltcd.iso</a>
431
432 </pre>(You may want to choose a mirror closer to you, if .se is slow.)
433 <p>
434 <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0 according to instructions further up
435 on this page.
436 <p>
437 <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
438 $ <b>gxemul -b -Edec -e3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d cobaltcd.iso -d nbsd_cobalt.img</b>
439
440 </pre>
441 <li>Log in as root (on the emulated 3MAX machine), and execute the
442 following commands: (adjust according to taste)<pre>
443 # <b>newfs /dev/sd1c</b>
444 # <b>mount /dev/cd0c /mnt</b>
445 # <b>mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2</b>
446 # <b>cd /mnt2; sh</b>
447 # <b>for a in /mnt/cobalt/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done</b>
448 # <b>exit</b>
449 # <b>cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc</b>
450 # <b>echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf</b>
451 # <b>echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab</b>
452 # <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
453 </pre>
454 </ol>
455
456 <p>
457 You should now be able to boot NetBSD/cobalt like this:<pre>
458 $ <b>gxemul -b -M128 -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
459 </pre>
460
461 Note that the installation instructions above create a filesystem
462 <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
463 swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
464 generic kernel:<pre>
465 root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0d</b>
466 dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
467 file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
468 init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter here)</i>
469 </pre>
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477 <!--
478
479 <p><br>
480 <a name="netbsdsgimips"></a>
481 <h3>Running NetBSD/sgimips in GXemul:</h3>
482
483 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
484 can theoretically run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
485
486 <p>
487 <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded with this yet.</font>
488
489 <p>
490 See the section on <a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">how to run OpenBSD/sgi</a>
491 for more information.
492
493 <p>
494 TODO...
495
496 <pre>
497 cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.se.netbsd.org
498 ..
499 cd pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/sets
500 mget *.tgz
501 exit
502 sh
503 for a in etc.tgz base.tgz comp.tgz; do tar zxvfp $a; done
504
505 </pre>
506
507 -->
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515 <p><br>
516 <a name="openbsdinstall"></a>
517 <h3>Installing OpenBSD/pmax in GXemul:</h3>
518
519 Installing OpenBSD/pmax is a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax.
520 You should first read the section above on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
521 before continuing here. If you have never installed OpenBSD on any
522 architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this.
523 If, on the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then
524 this should be no problem for you.
525
526 <p>
527 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
528 <a href="20040710-openbsd-pmax.png"><img src="20040710-openbsd-pmax_small.png"></a>
529 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
530 <a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a>
531
532 <p>
533 OpenBSD/pmax died at release 2.8 of OpenBSD, so you should be
534 aware of the fact that this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD
535 system.
536
537 <p>
538 Following these instructions <i>might</i> work. If not, then use
539 common sense and imagination to modify them as you see fit.
540
541 <p>
542 <ol>
543 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
544 that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
545 $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=900000000</b>
546
547 </pre>
548 <li>Download the entire pmax directory from the ftp server: (approx. 99 MB)<pre>
549 $ <b>wget -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/</a></b>
550
551 </pre>
552
553 <li>Execute the following commands:<pre>
554 $ <b>mv ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/simpleroot28.fs.gz .</b>
555 $ <b>gunzip simpleroot28.fs.gz</b>
556 $ <b>chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b> &lt;--- make sure
557
558 </pre>
559 <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
560 I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
561 already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
562 to install it in order to do this.<pre>
563 $ <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
564
565 </pre>
566 <li>Start the emulator with all three (!) disk images:<pre>
567 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
568
569 </pre>
570 (If you add <tt><b>-X</b></tt>, you will run with the graphical
571 framebuffer. This is <i>REALLY</i> slow because the console has to
572 scroll a lot during the install. I don't recommend it.)
573 <p>
574 <li>Go on with the installation as you would do if you were installing on a real machine.
575 If you are not used to the OpenBSD installer, then this will most likely
576 be a very uncomfortable experience. Some important things to keep in mind are:
577 <ul>
578 <li>rz0 is the rootdisk you wish to install onto.
579 <li>rz1 is the simpleroot image.
580 <li>rz2 is the CDROM containing the "install sets".
581 <li>When asked for the "<b>root device?</b>", enter <b>rz1</b>.
582 <li>At "<b>Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh:</b>", press enter.
583 <li>At the # prompt, do the following:<pre>
584 $ <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b> (and mark the filesystem as clean)
585 $ <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
586 $ <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
587 $ <b>./install</b>
588
589 </pre>
590 and proceed with the install. Good luck. :-)
591 <li>Answer "<b>y</b>" when asked if you wish to configure the network.
592 (See the section about installing NetBSD/pmax for suitable
593 network settings.)
594 <li>Install from "<b>c</b>" (cdrom), choose "<b>rz2</b>" as the cdrom device, and "<b>/</b>" as
595 the directory containing the install sets.
596 </ul>
597 <p>
598 <li>
599 For some unknown reason, the install script does not set the root
600 password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
601 need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
602 the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!
603 <pre>
604 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
605 </pre>
606 While you are at it, you might want to extract the X11 install sets
607 as well, as the installer seems to ignore them too. (Perhaps due to a bug
608 in the installer, perhaps because of the way I used mkisofs.)
609 <p>
610 Execute the following commands in the emulator:
611 <pre>
612 # <b>fsck /dev/rz0a</b>
613 # <b>mount /</b>
614 # <b>passwd root</b>
615
616 # <b>cd /; mount -t cd9660 /dev/rz2c /mnt; sh</b>
617 # <b>for a in /mnt/[xX]*; do tar zxvf $a; done</b>
618 # <b>ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin/Xcfbpmax /usr/X11R6/bin/X</b>
619 # <b>ln -s /dev/fb0 /dev/mouse</b>
620 # <b>echo /usr/X11R6/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf</b>
621 # <b>ldconfig</b>
622
623 # <b>sync</b>
624 # <b>halt</b>
625 </pre>
626 </ol>
627
628 <p>
629 NOTE: It is also possible to install via ftp instead of using a CDROM image.
630 This is not much less awkward, you still need the simpleroot filesystem
631 image, and you still have to manually add the X11 install sets and set the
632 root password, and so on.
633
634 <p>
635 Once you have completed the installation procedure, the following command
636 will let you boot from the new rootdisk image:
637 <pre>
638 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -X -M64 -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
639 </pre>
640
641 <p>
642 (Normally, you would be asked about which root device to use (<tt>rz0</tt>),
643 but using <b><tt>-o '-aN'</tt></b> supresses that.)
644
645 <p>
646 When asked for which terminal type to use, when logging in as root,
647 enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are using the graphical framebuffer,
648 <b><tt>vt100</tt></b> for text-mode.
649 <br>Use <b><tt>startx</tt></b> to start X windows.
650
651
652
653
654
655
656 <p><br>
657 <a name="openbsdarcinstall"></a>
658 <h3>Installing OpenBSD/arc in GXemul:</h3>
659
660 It is possible to run OpenBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the
661 emulator.
662
663 <p>
664 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
665 <a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
666
667 <p>
668 (You should be aware of the fact that OpenBSD for the ARC platform died at
669 release 2.3, so this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD system.
670 See
671 <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html</a>
672 for more information.)
673
674 <p>
675 To install OpenBSD/arc onto an emulated harddisk image, follow these
676 instructions:
677
678 <p>
679 <ol>
680 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
681 that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
682 $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
683
684 </pre>
685 <li>Download the entire arc directory from the ftp server: (approx. 75 MB)<pre>
686 $ <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>
687
688 </pre>
689
690 <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
691 I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
692 already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
693 to install it in order to do this.<pre>
694 $ <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
695
696 </pre>
697 <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
698 $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E arc -e pica -d obsd_arc.img -d b:openbsd_arc_2.3.iso -j 2.3/arc/bsd.rd</b>
699
700 </pre>
701 and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
702 on a real Acer PICA-61. (Answer 'no' when asked if you want to
703 configure networking, and then install from CD-ROM.)
704 </ol>
705
706 <p>
707 Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
708 boot from the harddisk image:
709 <p>
710 <pre>
711 $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E arc -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>
712
713 </pre>
714
715
716
717
718
719 <!--
720
721 <p><br>
722 <a name="openbsdsgiinstall"></a>
723 <h3>Running OpenBSD/sgi in GXemul:</h3>
724
725 <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
726 can theoretically run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
727
728 <p>
729 <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded with this yet.</font>
730
731 <p>
732 GXemul does not yet emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2, so
733 another emulated machine must be used as the nfs root server, and the
734 emulated O2 machine must boot as a
735 <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=diskless&manpath=OpenBSD+Current&format=html">diskless</a>
736 client. Performing this setup is very time consuming, but necessary.
737
738 <p>
739 <ol>
740 <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0 from CDROM</a>
741 (or install some other similar OS) inside the emulator. This will
742 be the "nfs server" machine. Create a 600 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt>
743 partition during the installation.
744 <p>
745 <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.<pre>
746 # <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
747 # <b>echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
748 # <b>echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
749 # <b>echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate</b>
750 # <b>echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports</b>
751 # <b>echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
752 # <b>echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
753 # <b>echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
754 # <b>echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
755 # <b>printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams</b>
756 # <b>echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts</b>
757
758 Reboot. Then download the OpenBSD/sgi distribution: (NOTE: This
759 takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
760
761 # <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
762 ...
763 <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi</b>
764 <b>mget *</b>
765
766 # <b>sh</b>
767 # <b>for a in base* etc* misc*; do tar vzxfp $a; done</b>
768 # <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=16384</b>
769
770 </pre>
771 <p>
772 <li>Create a configuration file along these lines:<pre>
773 <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
774 !
775 ! Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
776 ! a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
777 !
778 ! Change the filenames to suit your setup.</font>
779
780 <b>emul(
781 net()
782
783 machine(
784 name("client machine")
785 type("sgi")
786 subtype("ip32")
787 bintrans(yes)
788 load("openbsd-sgi-20050202-bsd")
789 start_paused(yes)
790 )
791
792 machine(
793 name("nfs server")
794 type("dec")
795 subtype("5000/200")
796 bintrans(yes)
797 disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
798 )
799 )</b>
800
801 </pre>
802 <li>Boot the nfs server and the OpenBSD/sgi client machine like this:<pre>
803 $ <b>gxemul @myconf</b>
804
805 </pre>
806 You might want to log in as root on the server machine, and
807 run <b>tcpdump -lnvv</b> or similar, to see that what the client
808 machine actually does on the network.
809 <p>
810 The OpenBSD box ("client machine") will be paused, so when you
811 are ready to unpause it, press CTRL-C in the main GXemul
812 window and use the <b>focus</b> and <b>pause</b> commands to
813 unpause the main CPU in that machine, and then <b>continue</b>
814 to resume execution.
815 <p>
816 When asked for "root device :", enter <b>mec0</b>.
817 </ol>
818
819 <p>
820 TODO...
821
822 -->
823
824
825
826
827
828 <p><br>
829 <a name="ultrixinstall"></a>
830 <h3>Installing Ultrix/RISC in GXemul:</h3>
831
832 Ultrix 4.x can run in GXemul on an emulated DECstation 5000/200.
833
834 <p>
835 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
836 <a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.gif"></a>
837 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
838 <a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a>
839
840 <p>
841 The following instructions should let you install Ultrix onto a disk image:
842
843 <ol>
844 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
845 that Ultrix installs itself onto:<pre>
846 $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=rootdisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=800000</b>
847
848 </pre>
849 <li>Place your Ultrix installation media in your CDROM drive.
850 (On FreeBSD and similar systems, it is called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>.
851 Replace that with the name of your CDROM drive, or the name of a
852 .iso image file.) Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
853 $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
854
855 </pre>
856 <li>Once the first stage of the installation is done (restoring the root
857 filesystem), you need to restart the emulator, booting from the
858 new rootdisk, to continue the installation process.
859 This is done by removing the bootflag ('<tt>b</tt>') from the second
860 diskimage argument:<pre>
861 $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
862
863 </pre>
864 </ol>
865
866 <p>
867 When the installation is completed, the following command should start
868 Ultrix from the harddisk image:<pre>
869 $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
870 </pre>
871
872 <p>
873 Ultrix mostly seems to work with dynamic binary translation (enabled by
874 the <b><tt>-b</tt></b> command line option). If you have a very fast
875 host machine, and use bintrans, you might experience a weird timer related
876 bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is triggered
877 when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine was
878 capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add <b><tt>-I33000000</tt></b>
879 to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million instructions per emulated
880 second. (When using <tt><b>-CR4400</b></tt>, <b><tt>-I16000000</tt></b>
881 should be used instead.)
882
883 <p>
884 You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
885 dual-headed workstation) or even <b><tt>-Z3</tt></b> (tripple-headed), and
886 also the <b><tt>-Y2</tt></b> option for scaling down the framebuffer
887 windows by a factor 2x2.
888 There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> option for supplying names of X11
889 displays to use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated
890 tripple-headed workstation, on three different displays (<tt>remote1:0.0</tt>,
891 <tt>localhost:0.0</tt>, and <tt>remote2:0.0</tt>), using no scaledown:<pre>
892 $ <b>gxemul -M64 -bN -E dec -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
893 -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost:0.0 -z remote2:0.0</b>
894 </pre>
895
896 <p>
897 The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
898 GXemul on an Alpha 21164PC, with displays on a Sun Ultra1 (to the left),
899 on the Alpha itself (in the middle), and on an HP700/RX X-terminal (8-bit
900 color depth, running off the Alpha) to the right.
901
902 <p>
903 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
904 <a href="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead.jpg"><img src="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead_small.jpg"></a>
905
906 <p>
907 The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
908 there is no way yet to set the scaledown factor on a per-window basis, so
909 the scaledown factor affects all windows.
910
911 <p>
912 (If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
913 compiled your own <tt>/vmunix</tt>, then it will not contain support for
914 multiple graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel,
915 <tt><b>-j genvmunix</b></tt>, whenever you are running the emulator with a
916 different setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
917
918 <p>
919 A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
920 to Ultrix, so that is possible to run as well. If you are unsuccessful
921 in installing Ultrix or OSF/1 directly in the emulator, you can always
922 install it on your real machine onto a real SCSI disk, and then copy the
923 contents of that SCSI disk into a file (using <b><tt>dd(1)</tt></b>), and use
924 that file as a disk image file in the emulator.
925
926
927
928
929
930
931 <p><br>
932 <a name="sprite"></a>
933 <h3>Running Sprite for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>
934
935 Sprite was a research operating system at the University of Berkeley.
936 The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS, <a href="http://www.tuhs.org">www.tuhs.org</a>)
937 has made available a copy of a Sprite harddisk image for a DECstation 5000/200.
938 If you want to find out more about Sprite in general, read
939 <a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">
940 http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html</a>.
941
942 <p>
943 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
944 <a href="20040711-sprite-1.png"><img src="20040711-sprite-1_small.png"></a>
945 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
946 <a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a>
947
948 <p>
949 The following instructions should let you run Sprite in the emulator:
950
951 <p>
952 <ol>
953 <li>Download the Sprite harddisk image using ftp or http:<pre>
954 <a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/">http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite</a>/<a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ds5000.bt</a>
955 or <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt</a>
956 83973120 bytes, MD5 = ec84eeeb20fe77b758370d5e312e4a5e
957
958 </pre>
959 <li>Start the emulator with the following command line:<pre>
960 $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -M128 -d ds5000.bt -j vmsprite -o ''</b>
961
962 </pre>
963 </ol>
964
965 <p>
966 The first time you boot up with the disk image, you will be asked a number
967 of questions regarding network settings. If you feel like entering correct
968 values, then you should use the following:
969 <p>
970
971 <pre>
972 Your machine's Ethernet address: 10:20:30:40:50:60
973 Your machine's IP: 10.0.0.1
974 Subnet mask: 0xff000000
975 Gateway's Ethernet address: 60:50:40:30:20:10
976 Gateway's IP: 10.0.0.254
977 </pre>
978
979 <p>
980 Unfortunately, at the end of <a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt">
981 http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt</a>, the
982 following sad statement can be found:
983 <pre>
984 The bootable Sprite image is meant to be a demonstration of Sprite, not
985 a robust Sprite system. There are several missing things, such as
986 floating point and network support.
987 </pre>
988
989 <p>
990 Once you are logged in as root, running <b>xinit</b> will start the X11
991 environment.
992
993
994
995
996
997 <p><br>
998 <a name="declinux"></a>
999 <h3>Installing Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>
1000
1001 <font color="#ef0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
1002 unstable. During my tests, even pressing the wrong key during the install
1003 (for example the wrong cursor key) can cause a kernel Oops.
1004 I <i>think</i> this has to do with interrupts from the serial controller.
1005 Hopefully using the <tt><b>-U</b></tt> command line option will reduce the
1006 risk for such crashes. (I haven't had time to come up with a clean
1007 solution to this yet; it feels like a buffer overflow in Linux' serial
1008 driver for the 5000/200, but it is also likely that it is a bug in GXemul.)
1009 </font>
1010
1011 <p>
1012 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1013 <a href="20041212-debian_1.png"><img src="20041212-debian_1_small.gif"></a>
1014 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1015 <a href="20041212-debian_2.png"><img src="20041212-debian_2_small.gif"></a>
1016 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1017 <a href="20041213-debian_3.png"><img src="20041213-debian_3_small.gif"></a>
1018 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1019 <a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a>
1020
1021 <p>
1022 The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation
1023 onto a harddisk image:
1024
1025 <p>
1026 <ol>
1027 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
1028 that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
1029 $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
1030
1031 </pre>
1032 <li>Download an install kernel:<pre>
1033 <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
1034 <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
1035 or
1036 <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/</a>
1037 <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
1038
1039 </pre>
1040 depending on whether you want to install Debian "Testing" or
1041 "Unstable".
1042 <p>
1043 <li>For a text-mode installation, start the emulator like this:<pre>
1044 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img -O boot.img</b>
1045
1046 </pre>
1047 </ol>
1048
1049 <p>
1050 Debian GNU/Linux on DECstation works reasonably fine with dynamic
1051 binary translation, enabled by the <b><tt>-b</tt></b> command line option.
1052 (Without this option, the emulator might be less buggy, but also too slow
1053 to be useful when running Linux as a guest OS.)
1054
1055 <p>
1056 (If you want to, you can try <b>-X</b> instead of <b>-o 'console=ttyS3'</b> on
1057 the command line. This will cause Linux to use the graphical framebuffer.
1058 Unfortunately, Linux does not seem to have a driver for the DZ11 keyboard
1059 controller yet, so you cannot interact with the system. You will see the
1060 penguin in the upper lefthand corner while booting, and nicely rendered Unicode
1061 characters, but that's about it.)
1062
1063 <p>
1064 You need to enter some values during the installation procedure, for example
1065 network settings. The following should work:
1066 <p>
1067 <pre>
1068 DHCP: No, choose "Configure network manually"
1069 IP address: 10.0.0.1
1070 Netmask: 255.0.0.0
1071 Gateway: 10.0.0.254
1072 Name server addresses: 10.0.0.254
1073 </pre>
1074
1075 <p>
1076 <ol start="4">
1077 <li>Once the first phase of the install has finished, the following command
1078 should let you boot into Debian, and perform post-install
1079 configuration:<pre>
1080 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
1081
1082 </pre>
1083 </ol>
1084
1085 <p>
1086 It seems that there's a problem with getting a login prompt on serial
1087 console (at least when I've done test installs), so when the installation
1088 is finished and you're supposed to get a login prompt, you need to press
1089 CTRL-C and type <b>quit</b>, and then:
1090
1091 <p>
1092 <ol start="5">
1093 <li>Download a normal kernel (<i>not</i> a RAMDISK kernel):<pre>
1094 <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
1095 <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
1096
1097 </pre>
1098 <li>Boot Debian using the following command line:<pre>
1099 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o \
1100 'console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh' \
1101 -d debian.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
1102
1103 </pre>
1104 You'll enter single-user mode. You need to add a line to
1105 /etc/inittab, to enable logins via serial console.<pre>
1106 sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'T3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS3 9600 vt100' >> /etc/inittab</b>
1107 sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'ttyS3' >> /etc/securetty</b>
1108 sh-2.05b# <b>sync; umount /</b>
1109 </pre>
1110 </ol>
1111
1112 <p>
1113 The system should now be ready for everyday use.
1114
1115 <p>
1116 Use this command to boot from the completely installed disk image:<pre>
1117 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
1118
1119 </pre>
1120
1121 <p>
1122 [&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-19:</font>&nbsp;
1123 Kaj-Michael Lang noticed that the current CVS-version of
1124 <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a> has
1125 support for keyboards now, on DECstation 5000/200, so it is
1126 possible to run Debian GNU/Linux with framebuffer/keyboard.
1127 (Add <b><tt>-X</tt></b> (or <b><tt>-XY2</tt></b>) and remove the
1128 <b><tt>console=ttyS3</tt></b> option.) He has made a kernel available here:
1129 <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">
1130 http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
1131 It has other problems (ethernet doesn't seem to work, for
1132 example), but at least it doesn't Oops that often.&nbsp;]
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139 <p><br>
1140 <a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
1141 <h3>Running Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>
1142
1143 <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
1144 unstable. Read the note about <b><tt>-U</tt></b> in the section on how to
1145 install Debian.
1146 </font>
1147
1148 <p>
1149 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1150 <a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a>
1151
1152 <p>
1153 The following steps should let you run Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:
1154
1155 <p>
1156 <ol>
1157 <li>Download a kernel. This is a Debian kernel, but it works fine:<pre>
1158 <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
1159 <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
1160
1161 </pre>
1162 <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
1163 <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/</a>
1164 <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
1165 19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
1166
1167 </pre>
1168 <li>This is the tricky part: Create an ext2 filesystem image called redhat.img using
1169 the filesystem tree you just downloaded. The disk image should have a MS-DOS
1170 partition table (!), and then one or more ext2 partitions.
1171 (Use loopback mount, or similar. This is probably easiest to do on a Linux host.)
1172 However, in order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
1173 Change<pre>
1174 /dev/root / nfs defaults 1 1
1175 #/dev/sdc1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
1176 none /proc proc defaults 0 0
1177 none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622 0 0
1178
1179 </pre>to<pre>
1180 #/dev/root / nfs defaults 1 1
1181 /dev/sda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
1182 none /proc proc defaults 0 0
1183 none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622 0 0
1184
1185 </pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
1186 <p>
1187 <li>To boot Linux, start the emulator like this:<pre>
1188 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M128 -o \
1189 "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
1190
1191 </pre>
1192 </ol>
1193
1194 <p>
1195 If you need to boot into single user mode, try the following:<pre>
1196 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -o "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh" \
1197 -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
1198
1199 </pre>
1200
1201 <p>
1202 Redhat Linux on DECstation in R3000 mode should work fine with dynamic binary
1203 translation (enabled by the <b>-b</b> command line option).
1204
1205 <p>
1206 NOTE: You can add <b>-X</b> and remove <b>console=ttyS3</b> from the command
1207 line, if you want to use a graphical framebuffer. Unfortunately, Linux
1208 doesn't have support for keyboards on DECstation 5000/200 yet, so you cannot
1209 actually interact with the sytem. :-(
1210
1211 <p>
1212 [&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-22:</font>&nbsp;
1213 Read the 2005-01-19 update in the Debian section above, and then, if
1214 you do not need ethernet support, try Kaj-Michael Lang's kernel compiled
1215 from <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a>' CVS.
1216 <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">
1217 http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
1218 It should work with framebuffer/keyboard.&nbsp;]
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225 <p><br>
1226 <a name="mach"></a>
1227 <h3>Running Mach/PMAX in GXemul:</h3>
1228
1229 Read the following link if you want to know more about Mach in general:
1230 <a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">
1231 http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html</a>
1232
1233 <p>
1234 <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Mach for DECstation requires some files
1235 (called 'startup' and 'emulator') which I haven't been able to find
1236 on the web. Without these, Mach will not get very far. These
1237 installation instructions are preliminary.
1238 </font>
1239
1240 <p>
1241 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1242 <a href="20041018-mach_pmax.png"><img src="20041018-mach_pmax_small.png"></a>
1243
1244 <p>
1245 The following steps should let you experiment with running Mach
1246 for DECstation in the emulator:
1247
1248 <p>
1249 <ol>
1250 <li>Compile gxemul with cache emulation: (<b>NOTE: --enable-caches</b>)<pre>
1251 $ <b>./configure --enable-caches; make</b>
1252
1253 </pre>
1254 <li>Download the pmax binary distribution for Mach 3.0:<pre>
1255 <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
1256 7263343 bytes, md5 = f9d76c240a6e169921a1df99ad560cc0
1257
1258 </pre>
1259 <li>Extract the Mach kernel:<pre>
1260 $ <b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
1261
1262 </pre>
1263 <li>Create an empty disk image:<pre>
1264 $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=1 count=512 seek=400000000</b>
1265
1266 </pre>
1267 <li>Load the contents of pmax.tar.Z onto the disk image. This is
1268 complicated, and should be described in more detail some time.
1269 For now, use your imagination. (For example using OpenBSD/pmax:
1270 <i>disklabel -E rz1; newfs -O /dev/rz1a;
1271 mount /dev/rz1a /mnt; cd /mnt; download pmax.tar.Z using ftp;
1272 tar xzvf pmax.tar.Z; mv pmax_mach/* .; rmdir pmax_mach;
1273 mkdir mach_servers;
1274 cd mach_servers;
1275 cp ../etc/mach_init .;
1276 cp ../tests/test_service startup;
1277 dd if=/dev/zero of=paging_file bs=65536 count=400;
1278 cd /; sync; umount /mnt</i>)
1279 <p>
1280 <li>Start the emulator with the following command:<pre>
1281 $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
1282 pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
1283
1284 </pre>
1285 </ol>
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294 </p>
1295
1296 </body>
1297 </html>

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