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This is repository of my old source code which isn't updated any more. Go to git.rot13.org for current projects!

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-revision 4 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:18:00 2007 UTC
+revision 12 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:18:38 2007 UTC
 Line 1
- <html>
+ <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing and running "guest OSes"</title>
- <head><title>GXemul documentation: Installing and running "guest OSes"</title>
+ <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
- </head>
  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
- <b>GXemul documentation:</b></font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b></font>
  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Installing and running "guest OSes"</b>
  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
- <!-- The first 10 lines are cut away by the homepage updating script.  -->
  <!--
- $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.35 2005/04/27 15:32:40 debug Exp $
+ $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.87 2005/08/16 09:16:25 debug Exp $
  Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
-Line 42 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
+Line 39 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
  -->
  <a href="./">Back to the index</a>
  <p><br>
-Line 50 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
+Line 48 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
  <p>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#generalnotes">General notes on running "guest OSes"</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">Installing NetBSD/pmax in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">Installing NetBSD/arc in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">Installing NetBSD/hpcmips in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">Installing NetBSD/cobalt in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt</a>
- <!--
+   <li><a href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">Running NetBSD/sgimips in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
- -->
+   <li><a href="#openbsdinstall">OpenBSD/pmax</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdinstall">Installing OpenBSD/pmax in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">OpenBSD/arc</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">Installing OpenBSD/arc in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Ultrix/RISC</a>
- <!--
+   <li><a href="#sprite">Sprite for DECstation</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">Running OpenBSD/sgi in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#declinux">Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation</a>
- -->
+   <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Redhat Linux for DECstation</a>
-   <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Installing Ultrix/RISC in GXemul</a>
+ </ul>
-   <li><a href="#sprite">Running Sprite for DECstation in GXemul</a>
-   <li><a href="#declinux">Installing Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in GXemul</a>
+ <p>In addition to the "working" guest operating systems listed above,
-   <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Running Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul</a>
+ you might find the following information interesting:
-   <li><a href="#mach">Running Mach/PMAX in GXemul</a>
+ <ul>
+   <li><a href="#mach">Mach/PMAX</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
  </ul>
 Line 97 
 system, the harddisk image looks and act
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing NetBSD/pmax in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/pmax:</h3>
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="netbsd-pmax-20040630.png"><img src="netbsd-pmax-20040630_small.png"></a>
+ <a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
- <p>
+ <p>To install <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>
- To install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image in the emulator, follow these
+ onto a harddisk image in the emulator, follow these instructions:
- instructions:
- <p>
+ <p><ol start="1">
- <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=1900000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=1900000000</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 128 
 steps:
+Line 126 
 steps:
    <li>Download a NetBSD CD-ROM iso image:<pre>
          <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
          or
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/pmaxcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd.iso</b>
  </pre>
+         and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
+         DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
+         type, and not <tt>rcons</tt>.
  </ol>
  <p>
  For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 and 3 above with these:
  <p>
  <ol start="2">
-   <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel, and gunzip it:<pre>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel:<pre>
          <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
          or
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
-         $ <b>gunzip netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
  </pre>
- </ol>
+         and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
+         DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
- <p>
+         type, and not <tt>rcons</tt>. Suitable networking parameters are as
- (If you don't want to use a graphical framebuffer during the install,
+         follows:<pre>
- you can remove <b>-X</b> from the command line, but then make sure you
- choose 'vt100' when prompted with which terminal type to use, and not
- 'rcons'.)
- <p>
- Then proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
- DECstation. If you are installing from the network, then suitable networking
- parameters are as follows:<pre>
          Which device shall I use? [le0]: <b>le0</b>
          ..
          Your DNS domain: <b>mydomain.com</b>
-Line 172 
 parameters are as follows:<pre>
+Line 163 
 parameters are as follows:<pre>
          IPv4 gateway: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
          IPv4 name server: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
  </pre>
+         (If using 10.0.0.254 as the nameserver fails, then try entering the
+         IP number of a real-world nameserver instead.)
+ </ol>
- <p>
+ <p>If you want to use a graphical framebuffer during the install, you can
- (If using 10.0.0.254 as the nameserver fails, then try entering the
+ add <b><tt>-X -Y2</tt></b> to the command line, and choose <tt>rcons</tt>
- IP number of a real-world nameserver instead.)
+ instead of <tt>vt100</tt> when prompted with which terminal type to use.
+ (By just using <tt><b>-X</b></tt>, you will get a full-size framebuffer
+ window.)
- <p>
+ <p>When the installation is finished, the following command should start
- When the installation is completed, the following command should start
  NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</font> For some reason, NetBSD 2.0.2
- Use <b>startx</b> to start X windows.
+ doesn't work with X out-of-the-box on pmax. It seems that this has to do
+ with NetBSD switching console system to "WSCONS" somewhere between 1.6.2
- <p>
+ and 2.0. For now, if you want X, then try NetBSD 1.6.2.
- <font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</font> For some reason, NetBSD 2.0 doesn't
- work with X out-of-the-box on pmax. It seems that this has to do with a
- switch to WSCONS. For now, if you want X, then try NetBSD 1.6.2.
- <p>
+ <p>With NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2, try the following to start with a framebuffer:<pre>
- If you want to run without the X framebuffer, use this instead:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>
+ and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt>startx</tt> to start X windows.
-Line 204 
 If you want to run without the X framebu
+Line 197 
 If you want to run without the X framebu
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdarcinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing NetBSD/arc in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/arc:</h3>
- It is possible to run NetBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
+ It is possible to run <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
+ on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-Line 220 
 follow these instructions:
+Line 215 
 follow these instructions:
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download a NetBSD/arc CDROM image from ftp:<pre>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 CDROM image, and a generic NetBSD/arc
+         kernel:<pre>
          <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
- </pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-   <li>Download a NetBSD/arc installation (ramdisk) kernel,
-         and gunzip it:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E arc -e pica -b -d nbsd_arc.img -d arccd.iso netbsd.RAMDISK</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img -d bc:arccd.iso \
+           -j arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</b>
  </pre>
+         (Try removing <tt>-x</tt> if you have problems with the xterm.)
+     <p>
    <li>From now on, you have to use your imagination, as there is no
          automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc. Here are some tips
-         and hints on how you can proceed with the install:<pre>
+         and hints on how you can proceed with the install:
-         $ <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2</b>
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
-         $ <b>disklabel -i -I sd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
+ <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2
-             '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
+ disklabel -i -I sd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
-         $ <b>newfs /dev/sd0a</b>
+     '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
-         $ <b>mount /dev/sd0a /mnt</b>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0a
-         $ <b>cd /mnt</b>
+ mount /dev/sd0a /mnt
-         $ <b>for a in /mnt2/arc/binary/sets/*.tgz; do tar xvzpf $a; done</b>
+ cd /mnt
-         $ <b>cd dev; sh MAKEDEV all</b>
+ for a in /mnt2/arc/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar xzpf $a; done
-         $ <b>cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;&gt; rc.conf</b>
+ cd dev; sh MAKEDEV all
-         $ <b>cat > /mnt/etc/fstab</b>
+ cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;&gt; rc.conf
-             /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
+ cat > /mnt/etc/fstab
-             /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
+ /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
-             (ctrl-d)
+ /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
-         $ <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2</b>
+ </b>(press ctrl-d)<b>
-         $ <b>halt</b>
+ <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
+ halt</b>
- </pre>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
-   <li>Download a generic NetBSD/arc kernel,
-         and gunzip it:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
- </pre>
  </ol>
- <p>
+ <p>You can now use the generic NetBSD/arc kernel to boot from the harddisk
- You can now use the generic NetBSD/arc kernel to boot from the harddisk
+ image, using the following command:<pre>
- image, using the following command:
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
- <p>
- <pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E arc -e pica -b -d nbsd_arc.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>When asked for "<tt>root device: </tt>", enter <b><tt>sd0</tt></b>.
- Using <b>-b</b> (enabling dynamic binary translation), as in the instructions
- above, is not 100% stable. If you experiment weird crashes, try removing that
- option and try again.
-Line 285 
 option and try again.
+Line 269 
 option and try again.
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdhpcmipsinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing NetBSD/hpcmips in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/hpcmips:</h3>
- It is possible to install NetBSD/hpcmips onto a disk image, on an an
+ It is possible to install <a
- emulated MobilePro 770, 780, 800, or 880. The emulator treats the
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a> onto a disk
- different machine models as being almost identical; the most important
+ image, on an an emulated MobilePro 770, 780, 800, or 880. The emulator
- difference is regarding the framebuffer.
+ treats the different machine models as being almost identical; the most
+ important difference is regarding the framebuffer.
- <p>
+ <p><table border="0">
- <table border="0">
          <tr>
                  <td width="80">&nbsp;</td>
                  <td><u>Model:</u></td>
-Line 354 
 than the other models, for some reason.
+Line 338 
 than the other models, for some reason.
  <p>
  These instructions show an example of how to install
- NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro 800:
+ NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro 770:
  <p>
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that you will install NetBSD/hpcmips onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1990000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1990000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the installation kernel (and gunzip it) and an ISO
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/hpcmips 2.0.2 ISO image, and a generic kernel:<pre>
-         image of NetBSD 2.0 for hpcmips:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/hpcmipscd.iso">hpcmipscd.iso</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz">netbsd.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/hpcmipscd.iso">hpcmipscd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
- </pre>(You may want to choose a mirror closer to you, if .se is slow.)
+ </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E hpc -e mobilepro800 -b -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img -d hpcmipscd.iso netbsd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -A -d nbsd_hpcmips.img  \
+           -d b:hpcmipscd.iso -j hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
-         MobilePro 800. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
+         MobilePro 770. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
          doing the MBR partitioning, and choose wd1d (not cd0c) as the
          CDROM device to install from.)
  </ol>
  <p>
  If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
- GXemul does not (yet) support reading the kernel directly from the
+ Use the following command line to boot the emulated hpcmips machine:<pre>
- disk image, so you need to download a generic kernel separately:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>If you change your mind at this point regarding which machine type to
- Once you have gunziped the generic kernel, you can now use it to boot from
+ emulate, you might for example prefer a MobilePro 800, then you can change
- the harddisk image, using the following command:<pre>
+ that at any time. NetBSD/hpcmips is designed to be able to boot on many
-         $ <b>gxemul -E hpc -e mobilepro800 -b -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
+ types, without any need to change the kernel.
- </pre>
+ <p>When you have logged in as <tt>root</tt>, you can use <tt>startx</tt> to
+ start X Windows, but there is no mouse support yet so only keyboard input
- <p>
+ is available. This makes it a bit akward to use X.
- When you have logged in as root, you can use <b>startx</b> to start X
- Windows. (Note: There is no mouse support yet; you can only use
- keyboard input.)
-Line 409 
 keyboard input.)
+Line 390 
 keyboard input.)
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdcobaltinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing NetBSD/cobalt in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/cobalt:</h3>
  <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
  to install, because the Cobalt machines were designed for Linux, and not
-Line 429 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
+Line 410 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
          that you will install NetBSD/cobalt onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1999000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1999000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0 according to instructions further up
+   <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt and the 2.0.2 ISO image:<pre>
-         on this page.
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-   <p>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/cobaltcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/cobaltcd.iso</a>
-   <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt (and gunzip it) and
-         the 2.0 ISO image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/cobaltcd.iso">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/cobaltcd.iso</a>
- </pre>(You may want to choose a mirror closer to you, if .se is slow.)
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 according to instructions
+         <a href="#netbsdinstall">further up on this page</a>.
    <p>
    <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -b -Edec -e3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d cobaltcd.iso -d nbsd_cobalt.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d cobaltcd.iso -d nbsd_cobalt.img</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Log in as root (on the emulated 3MAX machine), and execute the
-         following commands: (adjust according to taste)<pre>
+         following commands: (adjust according to taste)
-         # <b>newfs /dev/sd1c</b>
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
-         # <b>mount /dev/cd0c /mnt</b>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
-         # <b>mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2</b>
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
-         # <b>cd /mnt2; sh</b>
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
-         # <b>for a in /mnt/cobalt/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done</b>
+ cd /mnt2; sh
-         # <b>exit</b>
+ for a in /mnt/cobalt/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
-         # <b>cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc</b>
+ exit
-         # <b>echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf</b>
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
-         # <b>echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab</b>
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
-         # <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
- </pre>
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
  </ol>
  <p>
  You should now be able to boot NetBSD/cobalt like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -b -M128 -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
+         <b>gxemul -M128 -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
  </pre>
  Note that the installation instructions above create a filesystem
-Line 473 
 generic kernel:<pre>
+Line 454 
 generic kernel:<pre>
          root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0d</b>
          dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
          file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):     <i>(just press enter here)</i>
  </pre>
-Line 481 
 generic kernel:<pre>
+Line 463 
 generic kernel:<pre>
- <!--
  <p><br>
- <a name="netbsdsgimips"></a>
+ <a name="netbsdevbmipsinstall"></a>
- <h3>Running NetBSD/sgimips in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/evbmips:</h3>
- <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a> can run
- can theoretically run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
+ in GXemul on an emulated Malta evaluation board (with a 5Kc or 4Kc CPU).
  <p>
- <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded with this yet.</font>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta.png"><img src="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta_small.png"></a>
+ <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
+ kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
+ image is to install the files is to do it using another (emulated)
+ machine.
  <p>
- See the section on <a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">how to run OpenBSD/sgi</a>
+ The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbmips onto a disk
- for more information.
+ image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
  <p>
- TODO...
+ <ol>
+   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 according to instructions
+         <a href="#netbsdinstall">further up on this page</a>.
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
- <pre>
+ </pre>
- cd /x; ftp -i ftp.se.netbsd.org
+   <li>Download the generic kernel and the 2.0.2 ISO image:<pre>
- ..
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
- cd pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/sets
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/evbmips-mipselcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/evbmips-mipselcd.iso</a>
- mget *.tgz
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d nbsd_malta.img -d evbmips-mipselcd.iso</b>
+ </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/evbmips-mipsel/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbmips using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e malta -d nbsd_malta.img netbsd-MALTA.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>Note 1: NetBSD detects a very fast CPU although the emulation isn't
+ really that fast, so emulated delays are very slow. Even on a multi-GHz
+ host, you will need a lot of patience.
+ <p>Note 2: To select a 4Kc (MIPS32) CPU instead of the default 5Kc
+ (MIPS64) CPU, add <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> to the command line. With NetBSD
+.0.2, however, there will be little or no difference in functionality, as
+ NetBSD still runs in 32-bit mode on 64-bit MIPS CPUs. The only difference
+ it makes in practice is that GXemul's binary translation subsystem might
+ run a bit faster (because there are some optimizations for 32-bit
+ emulation that don't work with 64-bit emulation).
+ <p>Note 3: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
+ <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
+ swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
+ generic kernel:<pre>
+         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
+         file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):     <i>(just press enter here)</i>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdsgimips"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/sgimips:</h3>
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot.png"><img src="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot_small.png"></a>
+ <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a> can run
+ in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32). However, GXemul does not yet
+ emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have mailed Adaptec
+ several times, asking for documentation, but never received any reply.)
+ NetBSD can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't use SCSI.
+ <p>For a simple test with the 2.0.2 ramdisk (install) kernel, try
+ dowloading<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
+ </pre>and run&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><tt>gxemul -e o2 netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt></b>.
+ <p>It is possible to set up an environment for netbooting the emulated SGI
+ machine off of another emulated machine. Performing this setup is quite
+ time consuming, but necessary:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
+         This needs to have a 750 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
+         <a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 from CDROM</a>.
+         (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
+   <p>
+   <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
+         Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+ </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
+         inside the emulator:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
+ echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate
+ echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports
+ echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams
+ echo "bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -d 4 -h 10.0.0.2" &gt;&gt; /etc/inetd.conf
+ cat &gt;&gt; /etc/bootptab
+ client:\
+         :ht=ether:\
+         :ha=102030000010:\
+         :sm=255.0.0.0:\
+         :lg=10.0.0.254:\
+         :ip=10.0.0.1:\
+         :rp=/tftpboot:
+ </b>(press CTRL-D)
+ <b>echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" &gt; /etc/ethers
+ echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
+ reboot</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Start the DECstation emulation again, and download the
+         NetBSD/sgimips distribution sets:<br>(NOTE: This
+         takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.uk.netbsd.org</b>
+ (log in as anonymous...)
+ <b>cd /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/sets
+ mget base.tgz comp.tgz etc.tgz games.tgz man.tgz misc.tgz text.tgz
+ quit
  sh
- for a in etc.tgz base.tgz comp.tgz; do tar zxvfp $a; done
+ for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; rm -f $a; done
+ echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32768
+ halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/sgimips GENERIC and INSTALL kernels:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
+ !
+ !  Configuration file for running NetBSD/sgimips diskless with
+ !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.</font>
+ <b>emul(
+     net(
+         add_remote("localhost:12444")   </b>! the server<b>
+         local_port(12445)               </b>! the client<b>
+     )
+     machine(
+         name("client machine")
+         serial_nr(1)
+         type("sgi")
+         subtype("o2")
+         load("netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz")</b>
+         ! load("netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz")<b>
+     )
+ )</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+         ... and another configuration file for the server,
+         <tt>config_server</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul</font>
+ <b>emul(
+     net(
+         local_port(12444)               </b>! the server<b>
+         add_remote("localhost:12445")   </b>! the client<b>
+     )
+     machine(
+         name("nfs server")
+         serial_nr(2)
+         type("dec")
+         subtype("5000/200")
+         disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
+     )
+ )</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the NetBSD/sgimips
+         "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
+         in one xterm:
+         <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
+         and then, in another xterm:
+         <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>In the NetBSD/sgimips window, choose "<tt>x: Exit Install System</tt>"
+         in the installer's main menu, and then type:<pre>
+         <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254</b>
+         <b>mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt</b>
+         <b>cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt</b>
+         <b>halt</b>
+ </pre>Then, once the client machine has halted, log in as <tt>root</tt>
+         on the server machine and type <tt><b>reboot</b></tt>.
+   <p>
+   <li>Once everything has been set up correctly, change
+         <tt>netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt> in <tt>config_client</tt> to
+         <tt>netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</tt> (the GENERIC kernel).
+ </ol>
+ <p>You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
+ run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client machine
+ actually does on the network.
+ <p>It should now be possible to boot NetBSD/sgimips using the NetBSD/pmax
+ nfs server, using the following commands: (NOTE! Execute these two
+ commands in separate xterms!)<pre>
+         <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
+         <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>When asked for "<tt>root device:</tt>" etc. on the client machine, enter
+ the following values:<pre>
+         root device: <b>mec0</b>
+         dump device:                            <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         file system (default generic):          <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         ..
+         init path (default /sbin/init):         <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh:  <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         Terminal type? [unknown] <b>xterm</b>
+         ..
+         # <b>exit</b>                   (to leave the single-user shell)
  </pre>
- -->
+ <p>Note: Netbooting like this is very slow, so you need a lot of patience.
+ For example, when NetBSD says "<tt>nfs_boot: trying DHCP/BOOTP</tt>",
+ there will be a long pause, even on a very fast host machine. The reason
+ for this is mostly because the emulator doesn't deal with timing issues
+ very well, but also because NetBSD tries IPv6 first, before falling back
+ to IPv4.
-Line 521 
 for a in etc.tgz base.tgz comp.tgz; do t
+Line 739 
 for a in etc.tgz base.tgz comp.tgz; do t
  <p><br>
  <a name="openbsdinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing OpenBSD/pmax in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/pmax:</h3>
- Installing OpenBSD/pmax is a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax.
+ Installing <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a> is
- You should first read the section above on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
+ a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax. You should first read the <a
+ href="#netbsdinstall">section above</a> on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
  before continuing here. If you have never installed OpenBSD on any
- architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this.
+ architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this. If, on
- If, on the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then
+ the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then this should be no
- this should be no problem for you.
+ problem for you.
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-Line 549 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
+Line 768 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=900000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=900000000</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Download the entire pmax directory from the ftp server: (approx. 99 MB)<pre>
-         $ <b>wget -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/</a></b>
+         <b>wget -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/</a></b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Execute the following commands:<pre>
+   <li>Execute the following commands:
-         $ <b>mv ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/simpleroot28.fs.gz .</b>
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
-         $ <b>gunzip simpleroot28.fs.gz</b>
+ <b>mv ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/simpleroot28.fs.gz .
-         $ <b>chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>               &lt;--- make sure
+ gunzip simpleroot28.fs.gz
+ chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>            &lt;--- make sure
- </pre>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
    <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
-         I recommend using <b>mkisofs</b> for that purpose. If you don't already
+         (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
-         have mkisofs installed on your system, you need to install that in
+         already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
-         order to do this.<pre>
+         to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
-         $ <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
+         <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator with all three (!) disk images:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -M64 -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
  </pre>
-         (If you add -X, you will run with the graphical framebuffer. This is <i>REALLY</i> slow
+         (If you add <tt>-X</tt>, you will run with the graphical
-         because the console has to scroll a lot during the install. I don't recommend it.)
+         framebuffer. This is <i>REALLY</i> slow because the console has to
+         scroll a lot during the install. I don't recommend it.)
    <p>
    <li>Go on with the installation as you would do if you were installing on a real machine.
          If you are not used to the OpenBSD installer, then this will most likely
-Line 587 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
+Line 807 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
            <li>When asked for the "<b>root device?</b>", enter <b>rz1</b>.
            <li>At "<b>Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh:</b>", press enter.
            <li>At the # prompt, do the following:<pre>
-         $ <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b>        (and mark the filesystem as clean)
+         <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b>        (and mark the filesystem as clean)
-         $ <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
+         <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
-         $ <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
+         <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
-         $ <b>./install</b>
+         <b>./install</b>
  </pre>
                  and proceed with the install. Good luck. :-)
-Line 601 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
+Line 821 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
                  the directory containing the install sets.
          </ul>
    <p>
-   <li>
+   <li>For some unknown reason, the install script does not set the root
- For some unknown reason, the install script does not set the root
+         password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
- password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
+         need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
- need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
+         the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!<pre>
- the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
- <pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
  </pre>
  While you are at it, you might want to extract the X11 install sets
  as well, as the installer seems to ignore them too. (Perhaps due to a bug
  in the installer, perhaps because of the way I used mkisofs.)
  <p>
  Execute the following commands in the emulator:
- <pre>
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
-         # <b>fsck /dev/rz0a</b>
+ <b>fsck /dev/rz0a
-         # <b>mount /</b>
+ mount /
-         # <b>passwd root</b>
+ passwd root
-         # <b>cd /</b>
+ cd /; mount -t cd9660 /dev/rz2c /mnt; sh
-         # <b>mount -t cd9660 /dev/rz2c /mnt</b>
+ for a in /mnt/[xX]*; do tar zxvf $a; done
-         # <b>sh</b>
+ ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin/Xcfbpmax /usr/X11R6/bin/X
-         # <b>for a in /mnt/[xX]*; do tar zxvf $a; done</b>
+ ln -s /dev/fb0 /dev/mouse
-         # <b>ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin/Xcfbpmax /usr/X11R6/bin/X</b>
+ echo /usr/X11R6/lib &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf
-         # <b>ln -s /dev/fb0 /dev/mouse</b>
+ ldconfig
-         # <b>echo /usr/X11R6/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf</b>
-         # <b>ldconfig</b>
+ sync
+ halt</b>
-         # <b>sync</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
-         # <b>halt</b>
- </pre>
  </ol>
  <p>
-Line 643 
 root password, and so on.
+Line 859 
 root password, and so on.
  Once you have completed the installation procedure, the following command
  will let you boot from the new rootdisk image:
  <pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -X -M64 -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -M64 -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
  </pre>
  <p>
- OpenBSD/pmax seems to work fine with dynamic binary translation (enabled
+ (Normally, you would be asked about which root device to use (<tt>rz0</tt>),
- by the <b>-b</b> command line option).
+ but using <b><tt>-o '-aN'</tt></b> supresses that.)
  <p>
- (Normally, you would be asked about which root device to use (rz0), but
- using -o '-aN' supresses that.)
- <p>
  When asked for which terminal type to use, when logging in as root,
- enter <b>rcons</b> if you are using the graphical framebuffer,
+ enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are using the graphical framebuffer,
- <b>vt100</b> for text-mode.
+ <b><tt>vt100</tt></b> for text-mode.
- <br>Use <b>startx</b> to start X windows.
+ <br>Use <b><tt>startx</tt></b> to start X windows.
-Line 666 
 enter <b>rcons</b> if you are using the
+Line 880 
 enter <b>rcons</b> if you are using the
  <p><br>
  <a name="openbsdarcinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing OpenBSD/arc in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/arc:</h3>
  It is possible to run OpenBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the
  emulator.
-Line 690 
 instructions:
+Line 904 
 instructions:
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Download the entire arc directory from the ftp server: (approx. 75 MB)<pre>
-         $ <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>
  </pre>
    <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
-         I recommend using <b>mkisofs</b> for that purpose. If you don't already
+         (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
-         have mkisofs installed on your system, you need to install that in
+         already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
-         order to do this.<pre>
+         to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
-         $ <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E arc -e pica -d obsd_arc.img -d openbsd_arc_2.3.iso \
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -X -A -d obsd_arc.img -d b:openbsd_arc_2.3.iso -j 2.3/arc/bsd.rd</b>
-             ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd.rd.elf</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
-Line 720 
 Once the install has finished, the follo
+Line 933 
 Once the install has finished, the follo
  boot from the harddisk image:
  <p>
  <pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E arc -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>
- </pre>
- <p>
- (The <b>-b</b> command line option enables dynamic binary translation,
- which isn't always 100% stable, so if things seem buggy you might want
- to try to remove that from the command line.)
- <!--
- <p><br>
- <a name="openbsdsgiinstall"></a>
- <h3>Running OpenBSD/sgi in GXemul:</h3>
- <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
- can theoretically run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
- <p>
- <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded with this yet.</font>
- <p>
- <font color="#0000f0">
- [&nbsp;2005-02-09: There is no stable release yet of OpenBSD/sgi, but there
- are -current snapshots available on ftp sites.&nbsp;]</font>
- <p>
- GXemul does not yet emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2, so
- another emulated machine must be used as the nfs root server, and the
- emulated O2 machine must boot as a
- <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=diskless&manpath=OpenBSD+Current&format=html">diskless</a>
- client. Performing this setup is very time consuming, but necessary.
- <p>
- <ol>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2</a> or some other
-         similar OS inside the emulator. This will be the "nfs server" machine.
-   <p>
-   <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.<pre>
-         # <b>echo hostname=blahblah &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo ifconfig_le0="inet 10.0.0.2" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate</b>
-         # <b>mkdir /x; echo /x -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports</b>
-         # <b>echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/x \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/x/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams</b>
-         # <b>echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts</b>
-         Reboot. Then download the OpenBSD/sgi distribution:
-         # <b>cd /x; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
-         ...
-         <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi</b>
-         <b>mget *</b>
-         # <b>sh</b>
-         # <b>for a in base* etc* misc*; do tar vzxfp $a; done</b>
-         # <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=16384</b>
  </pre>
-   <p>
-   <li>Create a configuration file along these lines:<pre>
-         <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
-         !
-         !  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
-         !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
-         !
-         !  Change the filenames to suit your setup.</font>
-         <b>emul(
-             net()
-             machine(
-                 name("client machine")
-                 type("sgi")
-                 subtype("ip32")
-                 bintrans(yes)
-                 load("openbsd-sgi-20050202-bsd")
-                 start_paused(yes)
-             )
-             machine(
-                 name("nfs server")
-                 type("dec")
-                 subtype("5000/200")
-                 bintrans(yes)
-                 disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
-             )
-         )</b>
- </pre>
-   <li>Boot the nfs server and the OpenBSD/sgi client machine like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul @myconf</b>
- </pre>
-         You might want to log in as root on the server machine, and
-         run <b>tcpdump -lnvv</b> or similar, to see that what the client
-         machine actually does on the network.
-         <p>
-         The OpenBSD box ("client machine") will be paused, so when you
-         are ready to unpause it, press CTRL-C in the main GXemul
-         window and use the <b>focus</b> and <b>pause</b> commands to
-         unpause the main CPU in that machine, and then <b>continue</b>
-         to resume execution.
-         <p>
-         When asked for "root device :", enter <b>mec0</b>.
- </ol>
- <p>
- TODO...
- -->
-Line 847 
 TODO...
+Line 945 
 TODO...
  <p><br>
  <a name="ultrixinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing Ultrix/RISC in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>Ultrix/RISC:</h3>
  Ultrix 4.x can run in GXemul on an emulated DECstation 5000/200.
+ (Ultrix was the native OS for these machines, but NetBSD/pmax is
+ also usable.)
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-Line 863 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 963 
 The following instructions should let yo
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that Ultrix installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=rootdisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=800000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=rootdisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=800000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Place your Ultrix installation media in your CDROM drive. (I'm assuming
+   <li>Place your Ultrix installation media in your CDROM drive.
-         it is called /dev/cd0c here, replace that with the name of your
+         (On FreeBSD and similar systems, it is called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>.
-         CDROM drive, or the name of a .iso image file.)
+         Replace that with the name of your CDROM drive, or the name of a
-         Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
+         .iso image file.) Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -A -M64 -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Once the first stage of the installation is done (restoring the root
          filesystem), you need to restart the emulator, booting from the
          new rootdisk, to continue the installation process.
-         This is done by removing the bootflag ('b') from the second
+         This is done by removing the bootflag ('<tt>b</tt>') from the second
          diskimage argument:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -A -M64 -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 886 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 986 
 The following instructions should let yo
  <p>
  When the installation is completed, the following command should start
  Ultrix from the harddisk image:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -A -M64 -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>Ultrix mostly seems to work with dynamic binary translation (which can
- Ultrix mostly seems to work with dynamic binary translation (enabled by
+ be disabled by the <b><tt>-B</tt></b> command line option). If you have a
- the <b>-b</b> command line option). If you have a very fast
+ very fast host machine, and use bintrans, you might experience a weird
- host machine, and use bintrans, you might experience a weird timer related
+ timer related bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is
- bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is triggered
+ triggered when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine
- when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine was
+ was capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add
- capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add <b>-I33000000</b>
+ <b><tt>-I33000000</tt></b> to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million
- to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million instructions per emulated
+ instructions per emulated second. (When using <tt><b>-CR4400</b></tt>,
- second. (When using -CR4400, -I16000000 should be used instead.)
+ <b><tt>-I16000000</tt></b> should be used instead.)
  <p>
- You can experiment with adding <b>-Z2</b> (for emulating a
+ You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
- dual-headed workstation) or even <b>-Z3</b> (tripple-headed), and also the
+ dual-headed workstation) or even <b><tt>-Z3</tt></b> (tripple-headed), and
- <b>-Y2</b> option for scaling down the framebuffer windows by a factor 2x2.
+ also the <b><tt>-Y2</tt></b> option for scaling down the framebuffer
- There is also a <b>-z</b> option for supplying names of X11 displays to
+ windows by a factor 2x2.
- use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated tripple-headed
+ There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> option for supplying names of X11
- workstation, on three different displays (remote1:0.0, localhost:0.0, and
+ displays to use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated
- remote2:0.0), using no scaledown:<pre>
+ tripple-headed workstation, on three different displays (<tt>remote1:0.0</tt>,
-         $ <b>gxemul -M64 -bN -E dec -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
+ <tt>localhost:0.0</tt>, and <tt>remote2:0.0</tt>), using no scaledown:<pre>
-             -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost -z remote2:0.0</b>
+         <b>gxemul -M64 -N -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
+             -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost:0.0 -z remote2:0.0</b>
  </pre>
  <p>
+ The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
+ GXemul on an Alpha 21164PC, with displays on a Sun Ultra1 (to the left),
+ on the Alpha itself (in the middle), and on an HP700/RX X-terminal (8-bit
+ color depth, running off the Alpha) to the right.
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead.jpg"><img src="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead_small.jpg"></a>
+ <p>
  The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
  there is no way yet to set the scaledown factor on a per-window basis, so
  the scaledown factor affects all windows.
  <p>
- (If you didn't use -Z<i>n</i> during the installation, and
+ (If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
- compiled your own /vmunix, then it will not contain support for multiple
+ compiled your own <tt>/vmunix</tt>, then it will not contain support for
- graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel, <b>-j
+ multiple graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel,
- genvmunix</b>, whenever you are running the emulator with a different
+ <tt><b>-j genvmunix</b></tt>, whenever you are running the emulator with a
- setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
+ different setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
  <p>
  A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
  to Ultrix, so that is possible to run as well.  If you are unsuccessful
  in installing Ultrix or OSF/1 directly in the emulator, you can always
  install it on your real machine onto a real SCSI disk, and then copy the
- contents of that SCSI disk into a file (using <b>dd(1)</b>), and use
+ contents of that SCSI disk into a file (using <b><tt>dd(1)</tt></b>), and use
  that file as a disk image file in the emulator.
-Line 938 
 that file as a disk image file in the em
+Line 1049 
 that file as a disk image file in the em
  <p><br>
  <a name="sprite"></a>
- <h3>Running Sprite for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>Sprite for DECstation:</h3>
  Sprite was a research operating system at the University of Berkeley.
  The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS, <a href="http://www.tuhs.org">www.tuhs.org</a>)
-Line 958 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1069 
 The following instructions should let yo
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Download the Sprite harddisk image using ftp or http:<pre>
+   <li>Download the Sprite harddisk image:<pre>
-         <a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/">http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite</a>/<a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ds5000.bt</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt</a>
-         or <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt</a>
          83973120 bytes, MD5 = ec84eeeb20fe77b758370d5e312e4a5e
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator with the following command line:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -M128 -d ds5000.bt -j vmsprite -o ''</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -M128 -d ds5000.bt -j vmsprite -o ''</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 977 
 values, then you should use the followin
+Line 1087 
 values, then you should use the followin
  <p>
  <pre>
-     Your machine's Ethernet address:    10:20:30:40:50:60
+     Your machine's Ethernet address:    10:20:30:00:00:10
      Your machine's IP:                  10.0.0.1
      Subnet mask:                        0xff000000
      Gateway's Ethernet address:         60:50:40:30:20:10
-Line 985 
 values, then you should use the followin
+Line 1095 
 values, then you should use the followin
  </pre>
  <p>
- Unfortunately, at the end of <a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt">
+ Unfortunately, at the end of <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt</a>,
- http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt</a>, the
+ the following sad statement can be found:
- following sad statement can be found:
  <pre>
      The bootable Sprite image is meant to be a demonstration of Sprite, not
      a robust Sprite system.  There are several missing things, such as
      floating point and network support.
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>Once you are logged in as root, running <b><tt>xinit</tt></b> will
- Once you are logged in as root, running <b>xinit</b> will start the X11
+ start the X11 environment.
- environment.
- <p>
- Sprite works fine with dynamic binary translation (enabled by
- adding <b>-b</b> to the command line options).
-Line 1008 
 adding <b>-b</b> to the command line opt
+Line 1113 
 adding <b>-b</b> to the command line opt
  <p><br>
  <a name="declinux"></a>
- <h3>Installing Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation:</h3>
  <font color="#ef0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
  unstable. During my tests, even pressing the wrong key during the install
- (for example the wrong cursor key) can cause a kernel Oops.
+ (for example the wrong cursor key) can cause a kernel Oops. My success
- I <i>think</i> this has to do with interrupts from the serial controller.
+ rate is probably around 50%.</font>
- Hopefully using the -U command line option will reduce the risk for such
- crashes. (I haven't had time to come up with a clean solution to this yet;
+ <p><font color="#ef0000">I <i>think</i> this has to do with interrupts
- it feels like a buffer overflow in Linux' serial driver for the 5000/200,
+ from the serial controller. Hopefully using the <tt><b>-U</b></tt> command
- but it is also likely that it is a bug in GXemul.)
+ line option will reduce the risk for such crashes. (I haven't had time to
+ come up with a clean solution to this yet; it feels like a buffer overflow
+ in Linux' serial driver for the 5000/200, but it is also likely that it is
+ a bug in GXemul.)</font>
+ <p><font color="#ef0000">Everything runs extremely slow. Even if you have
+ a very fast host machine, an install attempt can still take several hours!
  </font>
  <p>
-Line 1038 
 onto a harddisk image:
+Line 1149 
 onto a harddisk image:
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Download an install kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
+         <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/</a>
-             <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
+             <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
-         or
-         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/</a>
-             <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
  </pre>
-         depending on whether you want to install Debian "Testing" or
-         "Unstable".
    <p>
    <li>For a text-mode installation, start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img -O boot.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img -O boot.img</b>
  </pre>
- </ol>
+         (If you want to, you can try <b><tt>-X</tt></b> instead of
+         <b><tt>-o 'console=ttyS3'</tt></b> on the command line. This will
- <p>
+         cause Linux to use the graphical framebuffer. Unfortunately, Linux
- Debian GNU/Linux on DECstation works reasonably fine with dynamic
+         does not seem to have a driver for the DZ11 keyboard controller yet,
- binary translation, enabled by the <b>-b</b> command line option. (Without
+         so you cannot interact with the system. You will see the penguin in
- this option, the emulator might be less buggy, but also too slow to be
+         the upper lefthand corner while booting, and nicely rendered Unicode
- useful when running Linux as a guest OS.)
+         characters, but that's about it.)
+         <p>
- <p>
+         You need to enter some values during the installation procedure, for
- (If you want to, you can try <b>-X</b> instead of <b>-o 'console=ttyS3'</b> on
+         example network settings. The following should work:<pre>
- the command line. This will cause Linux to use the graphical framebuffer.
+         DHCP:                       No, choose "<b>Configure network manually</b>"
- Unfortunately, Linux does not seem to have a driver for the DZ11 keyboard
+         IP address:                 <b>10.0.0.1</b>
- controller yet, so you cannot interact with the system. You will see the
+         Netmask:                    <b>255.0.0.0</b>
- penguin in the upper lefthand corner while booting, and nicely rendered Unicode
+         Gateway:                    <b>10.0.0.254</b>
- characters, but that's about it.)
+         Name server addresses:      <b>10.0.0.254</b>
- <p>
- You need to enter some values during the installation procedure, for example
- network settings. The following should work:
- <p>
- <pre>
-     DHCP:                       No, choose "Configure network manually"
-     IP address:                 10.0.0.1
-     Netmask:                    255.0.0.0
-     Gateway:                    10.0.0.254
-     Name server addresses:      10.0.0.254
  </pre>
- <p>
- <ol start="4">
    <li>Once the first phase of the install has finished, the following command
          should let you boot into Debian, and perform post-install
          configuration:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
- </pre>
- </ol>
- <p>
- It seems that there's a problem with getting a login prompt on serial
- console (at least when I've done test installs), so when the installation
- is finished and you're supposed to get a login prompt, you need to press
- CTRL-C and type <b>quit</b>, and then:
- <p>
+ </pre>Note: All these steps take a lot of time, so you will have plenty
- <ol start="5">
+         of time to drink lots of cups of coffee.
-   <li>Download a normal kernel (<i>not</i> a RAMDISK kernel):<pre>
+   <p>
-         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
+   <li>It seems that there's a problem with getting a login prompt on serial
-          <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
+         console (at least when I've done test installs), so when the
+         installation is finished and you're supposed to get a login prompt,
+         you need to press CTRL-C and type <b><tt>quit</tt></b>, and then:
+         download a normal kernel (<i>not</i> a RAMDISK kernel):<pre>
+         <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/</a>
+             <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
- </pre>
+ </pre>and boot Debian using the following command line:<pre>
-   <li>Boot Debian using the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o \
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o \
              'console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh' \
              -d debian.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
-Line 1118 
 CTRL-C and type <b>quit</b>, and then:
+Line 1205 
 CTRL-C and type <b>quit</b>, and then:
          sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'T3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS3 9600 vt100' >> /etc/inittab</b>
          sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'ttyS3' >> /etc/securetty</b>
          sh-2.05b# <b>sync; umount /</b>
+         sh-2.05b# <b>halt</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 1126 
 The system should now be ready for every
+Line 1214 
 The system should now be ready for every
  <p>
  Use this command to boot from the completely installed disk image:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
  </pre>
-Line 1136 
 Kaj-Michael Lang noticed that the curren
+Line 1224 
 Kaj-Michael Lang noticed that the curren
  <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a> has
  support for keyboards now, on DECstation 5000/200, so it is
  possible to run Debian GNU/Linux with framebuffer/keyboard.
- (Add -X (or -XY2) and remove the console=ttyS3 option.)
+ (Add <b><tt>-X</tt></b> (or <b><tt>-XY2</tt></b>) and remove the
- He has made a kernel available here:
+ <b><tt>console=ttyS3</tt></b> option.) He has made a kernel available here:
- <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">
+ <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
- http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
  It has other problems (ethernet doesn't seem to work, for
  example), but at least it doesn't Oops that often.&nbsp;]
-Line 1150 
 example), but at least it doesn't Oops t
+Line 1237 
 example), but at least it doesn't Oops t
  <p><br>
  <a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
- <h3>Running Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>Redhat Linux for DECstation:</h3>
  <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
- unstable. Read the note about '-U' in the section on how to install
+ unstable. Read the note about <b><tt>-U</tt></b> in the section on how to
- Debian.
+ install Debian.
  </font>
  <p>
-Line 1167 
 The following steps should let you run R
+Line 1254 
 The following steps should let you run R
  <p>
  <ol>
    <li>Download a kernel. This is a Debian kernel, but it works fine:<pre>
-         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
+         <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/</a>
-          <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
+             <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
-Line 1197 
 The following steps should let you run R
+Line 1284 
 The following steps should let you run R
  </pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
    <p>
    <li>To boot Linux, start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M128 -o \
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M128 -o \
              "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
  </pre>
-Line 1205 
 The following steps should let you run R
+Line 1292 
 The following steps should let you run R
  <p>
  If you need to boot into single user mode, try the following:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -o "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh" \
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -o "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh" \
              -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>Redhat Linux on DECstation in R3000 mode should work fine with dynamic
- Redhat Linux on DECstation in R3000 mode should work fine with dynamic binary
+ binary translation, but if things are buggy, it can be disabled by
- translation (enabled by the <b>-b</b> command line option).
+ using the <b><tt>-B</tt></b> command line option.
  <p>
  NOTE: You can add <b>-X</b> and remove <b>console=ttyS3</b> from the command
-Line 1235 
 It should work with framebuffer/keyboard
+Line 1322 
 It should work with framebuffer/keyboard
  <p><br>
+ <hr>
+ <p><br>
  <a name="mach"></a>
- <h3>Running Mach/PMAX in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>Mach/PMAX:</h3>
  Read the following link if you want to know more about Mach in general:
  <a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">
-Line 1260 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
+Line 1356 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
  <p>
  <ol>
    <li>Compile gxemul with cache emulation: (<b>NOTE: --enable-caches</b>)<pre>
-         $ <b>./configure --enable-caches; make</b>
+         <b>./configure --enable-caches; make</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Download the pmax binary distribution for Mach 3.0:<pre>
-         <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
+         <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/</a>
+             <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
          7263343 bytes, md5 = f9d76c240a6e169921a1df99ad560cc0
  </pre>
    <li>Extract the Mach kernel:<pre>
-         $ <b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
+         <b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Create an empty disk image:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=1 count=512 seek=400000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=1 count=512 seek=400000000</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Load the contents of pmax.tar.Z onto the disk image. This is
-Line 1290 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
+Line 1387 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
          cd /; sync; umount /mnt</i>)
          <p>
    <li>Start the emulator with the following command:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
              pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
  </pre>
-Line 1298 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
+Line 1395 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="openbsdsgiinstall"></a>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
+ can (almost) run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20050617-openbsd-sgi.png"><img src="20050617-openbsd-sgi_small.png"></a>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded all the way with
+ this yet, and this shows/triggers many bugs in the emulator, but some of
+ it works.</font>
+ <p>GXemul does not yet emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have
+ mailed Adaptec several times, asking for documentation, but never received
+ any reply.) OpenBSD/sgi can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't
+ use SCSI. For a simple test with the ramdisk (install) kernel, try dowloading<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
+ </pre>and run <b><tt>gxemul -e o2 bsd.rd</tt></b>.
+ <p>It might also be possible to netboot. Another emulated machine must
+ then be used as the nfs root server, and the emulated O2 machine must boot
+ as a <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=diskless&amp;manpath=OpenBSD+Current&amp;format=html">diskless</a>
+ client. Performing this setup is quite time consuming, but necessary:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
+         This needs to have a 800 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
+         <a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 from CDROM</a>.
+         (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
+   <p>
+   <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
+         Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+ </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
+         inside the emulator:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
+ echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate
+ echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports
+ echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams
+ echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" &gt; /etc/ethers
+ echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
+ reboot</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Start the DECstation emulation again, and enter the following
+         commands to download the OpenBSD/sgi distribution:<br>(NOTE: This
+         takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
+ (log in as anonymous...)
+ <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi
+ mget b*tgz c* e* g* m*
+ quit
+ sh
+ for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
+ rm *.tgz
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32768
+ halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Download the OpenBSD/sgi GENERIC and RAMDISK kernels:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd</a>
+         MD5 (bsd) = f16eaf3dcbd51876db7c25f70e6d8a08
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
+         MD5 (bsd.rd) = 4843e6139d8dd04b03d5f0e33e9a4f7b
+ </pre>
+   <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
+ !
+ !  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
+ !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
+ !
+ !  This config file is for the client.</font>
+ <b>emul(
+     net(
+         add_remote("localhost:12444")   </b>! the server<b>
+         local_port(12445)               </b>! the client<b>
+     )
+     machine(
+         name("client machine")
+         serial_nr(1)
+         type("sgi")
+         subtype("o2")
+         </b>! load("bsd")<b>
+         load("bsd.rd")
+     )
+ )</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+         ... and another configuration file for the server,
+         <tt>config_server</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul</font>
+ <b>emul(
+     net(
+         local_port(12444)               </b>! the server<b>
+         add_remote("localhost:12445")   </b>! the client<b>
+     )
+     machine(
+         name("nfs server")
+         serial_nr(2)
+         type("dec")
+         subtype("5000/200")
+         disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
+     )
+ )</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the OpenBSD/sgi
+         "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
+         in one xterm:
+         <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
+         and then, in another xterm:
+         <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>In the OpenBSD/sgi window, choose "<tt>s</tt>" (for Shell), and type:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254
+ mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt
+ cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt
+ halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+         You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
+         run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client
+         machine actually does on the network. The <tt>MAKEDEV</tt> script
+         takes almost forever, so be patient.
+ </ol>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Everything up to this point should work.
+ However, the next step (in gray) doesn't actually work:</font>
+ <p><font color="#888888">Once everything has been set up correctly, change
+ <tt>bsd.rd</tt> in <tt>config_client</tt> to just <tt>bsd</tt> (the GENERIC
+ kernel). It should now be possible to boot OpenBSD/sgi using the NetBSD/pmax
+ nfs server. (When asked for "<tt>root device :</tt>" on the OpenBSD machine,
+ enter <tt><b>mec0</b></tt>.)</font>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">But it doesn't work. Probably because GXemul's
+ implementation of the mec (ethernet card used in the O2) is too much of
+ a quick hack. For now, use the <tt>bsd.rd</tt> kernel, and (at every
+ boot) type:</font><pre>
+         <b>s</b>  (for Shell)
+         <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254</b>
+         <b>mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt</b>
+         <b>cd /mnt; usr/sbin/chroot .</b>
+         <b>sh etc/rc</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">This will not cause OpenBSD to be booted
+ normally, but at least a few basic things will work.
+ By the way, the emulator performs so poorly, that you will have time to
+ fetch several cups of coffee for each of the steps above.</font>

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