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++ trunk/HISTORY	(local)
$Id: HISTORY,v 1.905 2005/08/16 09:16:24 debug Exp $
20050628	Continuing the work on the ARM translation engine. end_of_page
		works. Experimenting with load/store translation caches
		(virtual -> physical -> host).
20050629	More ARM stuff (memory access translation cache, mostly). This
		might break a lot of stuff elsewhere, probably some MIPS-
		related translation things.
20050630	Many load/stores are now automatically generated and included
		into cpu_arm_instr.c; 1024 functions in total (!).
		Fixes based on feedback from Alec Voropay: only print 8 hex
		digits instead of 16 in some cases when emulating 32-bit
		machines; similar 8 vs 16 digit fix for breakpoint addresses;
		4Kc has 16 TLB entries, not 48; the MIPS config select1
		register is now printed with "reg ,0".
		Also changing many other occurances of 16 vs 8 digit output.
		Adding cache associativity fields to mips_cpu_types.h; updating
		some other cache fields; making the output of
		mips_cpu_dumpinfo() look nicer.
		Generalizing the bintrans stuff for device accesses to also
		work with the new translation system. (This might also break
		some MIPS things.)
		Adding multi-load/store instructions to the ARM disassembler
		and the translator, and some optimizations of various kinds.
20050701	Adding a simple dev_disk (it can read/write sectors from
		disk images).
20050712	Adding dev_ether (a simple ethernet send/receive device).
		Debugger command "ninstrs" for toggling show_nr_of_instructions
		during runtime.
		Removing the framebuffer logo.
20050713	Continuing on dev_ether.
		Adding a dummy cpu_alpha (again).
20050714	More work on cpu_alpha.
20050715	More work on cpu_alpha. Many instructions work, enough to run
		a simple framebuffer fill test (similar to the ARM test).
20050716	More Alpha stuff.
20050717	Minor updates (Alpha stuff).
20050718	Minor updates (Alpha stuff).
20050719	Generalizing some Alpha instructions.
20050720	More Alpha-related updates.
20050721	Continuing on cpu_alpha. Importing rpb.h from NetBSD/alpha.
20050722	Alpha-related updates: userland stuff (Hello World using
		write() compiled statically for FreeBSD/Alpha runs fine), and
		more instructions are now implemented.
20050723	Fixing ldq_u and stq_u.
		Adding more instructions (conditional moves, masks, extracts,
		shifts).
20050724	More FreeBSD/Alpha userland stuff, and adding some more
		instructions (inserts).
20050725	Continuing on the Alpha stuff. (Adding dummy ldt/stt.)
		Adding a -A command line option to turn off alignment checks
		in some cases (for translated code).
		Trying to remove the old bintrans code which updated the pc
		and nr_of_executed_instructions for every instruction.
20050726	Making another attempt att removing the pc/nr of instructions
		code. This time it worked, huge performance increase for
		artificial test code, but performance loss for real-world
		code :-( so I'm scrapping that code for now.
		Tiny performance increase on Alpha (by using ret instead of
		jmp, to play nice with the Alpha's branch prediction) for the
		old MIPS bintrans backend.
20050727	Various minor fixes and cleanups.
20050728	Switching from a 2-level virtual to host/physical translation
		system for ARM emulation, to a 1-level translation.
		Trying to switch from 2-level to 1-level for the MIPS bintrans
		system as well (Alpha only, so far), but there is at least one
		problem: caches and/or how they work with device mappings.
20050730	Doing the 2-level to 1-level conversion for the i386 backend.
		The cache/device bug is still there for R2K/3K :(
		Various other minor updates (Malta etc).
		The mc146818 clock now updates the UIP bit in a way which works
		better with Linux for at least sgimips and Malta emulation.
		Beginning the work on refactoring the dyntrans system.
20050731	Continuing the dyntrans refactoring.
		Fixing a small but serious host alignment bug in memory_rw.
		Adding support for big-endian load/stores to the i386 bintrans
		backend.
		Another minor i386 bintrans backend update: stores from the
		zero register are now one (or two) loads shorter.
		The slt and sltu instructions were incorrectly implemented for
		the i386 backend; only using them for 32-bit mode for now.
20050801	Continuing the dyntrans refactoring.
		Cleanup of the ns16550 serial controller (removing unnecessary
		code).
		Bugfix (memory corruption bug) in dev_gt, and a patch/hack from
		Alec Voropay for Linux/Malta.
20050802	More cleanup/refactoring of the dyntrans subsystem: adding
		phys_page pointers to the lookup tables, for quick jumps
		between translated pages.
		Better fix for the ns16550 device (but still no real FIFO
		functionality).
		Converting cpu_ppc to the new dyntrans system. This means that
		I will have to start from scratch with implementing each
		instruction, and figure out how to implement dual 64/32-bit
		modes etc.
		Removing the URISC CPU family, because it was useless.
20050803	When selecting a machine type, the main type can now be omitted
		if the subtype name is unique. (I.e. -E can be omitted.)
		Fixing a dyntrans/device update bug. (Writes to offset 0 of
		a device could sometimes go unnoticed.)
		Adding an experimental "instruction combination" hack for
		ARM for memset-like byte fill loops.
20050804	Minor progress on cpu_alpha and related things.
		Finally fixing the MIPS dmult/dmultu bugs.
		Fixing some minor TODOs.
20050805	Generalizing the 8259 PIC. It now also works with Cobalt
		and evbmips emulation, in addition to the x86 hack.
		Finally converting the ns16550 device to use devinit.
		Continuing the work on the dyntrans system. Thinking about
		how to add breakpoints.
20050806	More dyntrans updates. Breakpoints seem to work now.
20050807	Minor updates: cpu_alpha and related things; removing
		dev_malta (as it isn't used any more).
		Dyntrans: working on general "show trace tree" support.
		The trace tree stuff now works with both the old MIPS code and
		with newer dyntrans modes. :)
		Continuing on Alpha-related stuff (trying to get *BSD to boot
		a bit further, adding more instructions, etc).
20050808	Adding a dummy IA64 cpu family, and continuing the refactoring
		of the dyntrans system.
		Removing the regression test stuff, because it was more or
		less useless.
		Adding loadlinked/storeconditional type instructions to the
		Alpha emulation. (Needed for Linux/alpha. Not very well tested
		yet.)
20050809	The function call trace tree now prints a per-function nr of
		arguments. (Semi-meaningless, since that data isn't read yet
		from the ELFs; some hardcoded symbols such as memcpy() and
		strlen() work fine, though.)
		More dyntrans refactoring; taking out more of the things that
		are common to all cpu families.
20050810	Working on adding support for "dual mode" for PPC dyntrans
		(i.e. both 64-bit and 32-bit modes).
		(Re)adding some simple PPC instructions.
20050811	Adding a dummy M68K cpu family. The dyntrans system isn't ready
		for variable-length ISAs yet, so it's completely bogus so far.
		Re-adding more PPC instructions.
		Adding a hack to src/file.c which allows OpenBSD/mac68k a.out
		kernels to be loaded.
		Beginning to add PPC loads/stores. So far they only work in
		32-bit mode.
20050812	The configure file option "add_remote" now accepts symbolic
		host names, in addition to numeric IPv4 addresses.
		Re-adding more PPC instructions.
20050814	Continuing to port back more PPC instructions.
		Found and fixed the cache/device write-update bug for 32-bit
		MIPS bintrans. :-)
		Triggered a really weird and annoying bug in Compaq's C
		compiler; ccc sometimes outputs code which loads from an
		address _before_ checking whether the pointer was NULL or not.
		(I'm not sure how to handle this problem.)
20050815	Removing all of the old x86 instruction execution code; adding
		a new (dummy) dyntrans module for x86.
		Taking the first steps to extend the dyntrans system to support
		variable-length instructions.
		Slowly preparing for the next release.
20050816	Adding a dummy SPARC cpu module.
		Minor updates (documentation etc) for the release.

==============  RELEASE 0.3.5  ==============


1 <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing and running "guest OSes"</title>
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4 <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5 <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6 <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7 <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b></font>
8 <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Installing and running "guest OSes"</b>
9 </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
10
11 <!--
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15 Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved.
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41
42
43 <a href="./">Back to the index</a>
44
45 <p><br>
46 <h2>Installing and running "guest OSes"</h2>
47
48 <p>
49 <ul>
50 <li><a href="#generalnotes">General notes on running "guest OSes"</a>
51 <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a>
52 <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc</a>
53 <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>
54 <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt</a>
55 <li><a href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>
56 <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
57 <li><a href="#openbsdinstall">OpenBSD/pmax</a>
58 <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">OpenBSD/arc</a>
59 <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Ultrix/RISC</a>
60 <li><a href="#sprite">Sprite for DECstation</a>
61 <li><a href="#declinux">Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation</a>
62 <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Redhat Linux for DECstation</a>
63 </ul>
64
65 <p>In addition to the "working" guest operating systems listed above,
66 you might find the following information interesting:
67 <ul>
68 <li><a href="#mach">Mach/PMAX</a>
69 <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
70 </ul>
71
72
73
74
75
76
77 <p><br>
78 <a name="generalnotes"></a>
79 <h3>General notes on running "guest OSes":</h3>
80
81 The emulator works well enough to run complete operating systems. These
82 are often refered to as "guest" operating systems.
83
84 <p>
85 Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
86 harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
87 using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
88 may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
89 system, the harddisk image looks and acts like a real disk.
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98 <p><br>
99 <a name="netbsdinstall"></a>
100 <h3>NetBSD/pmax:</h3>
101
102 <p>
103 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
104 <a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
105
106 <p>To install <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>
107 onto a harddisk image in the emulator, follow these instructions:
108
109 <p><ol start="1">
110 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
111 that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
112 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=1900000000</b>
113
114 </pre>
115 </ol>
116
117 <p>
118 From this point, there are two separate ways to continue the installation.
119 You can either download a CD-ROM iso image (and let the installation
120 program copy files from the CD-ROM image to the harddisk image), or you
121 can install via ftp. For an installation from a CD-ROM image, follow these
122 steps:
123 <p>
124 <ol start="2">
125
126 <li>Download a NetBSD CD-ROM iso image:<pre>
127 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
128 or
129 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
130
131 </pre>
132 <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
133 <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd.iso</b>
134 </pre>
135 and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
136 DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
137 type, and not <tt>rcons</tt>.
138 </ol>
139 <p>
140 For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 and 3 above with these:
141 <p>
142 <ol start="2">
143
144 <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel:<pre>
145 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
146 or
147 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
148
149 </pre>
150 <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
151 <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
152 </pre>
153 and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
154 DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
155 type, and not <tt>rcons</tt>. Suitable networking parameters are as
156 follows:<pre>
157 Which device shall I use? [le0]: <b>le0</b>
158 ..
159 Your DNS domain: <b>mydomain.com</b>
160 Your host name: <b>foo</b>
161 Your IPv4 number: <b>10.0.0.1</b>
162 IPv4 Netmask [0xff000000]: <b>0xff000000</b>
163 IPv4 gateway: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
164 IPv4 name server: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
165 </pre>
166 (If using 10.0.0.254 as the nameserver fails, then try entering the
167 IP number of a real-world nameserver instead.)
168 </ol>
169
170 <p>If you want to use a graphical framebuffer during the install, you can
171 add <b><tt>-X -Y2</tt></b> to the command line, and choose <tt>rcons</tt>
172 instead of <tt>vt100</tt> when prompted with which terminal type to use.
173 (By just using <tt><b>-X</b></tt>, you will get a full-size framebuffer
174 window.)
175
176 <p>When the installation is finished, the following command should start
177 NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
178 <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
179 </pre>
180
181 <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</font> For some reason, NetBSD 2.0.2
182 doesn't work with X out-of-the-box on pmax. It seems that this has to do
183 with NetBSD switching console system to "WSCONS" somewhere between 1.6.2
184 and 2.0. For now, if you want X, then try NetBSD 1.6.2.
185
186 <p>With NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2, try the following to start with a framebuffer:<pre>
187 <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
188 </pre>
189 and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt>startx</tt> to start X windows.
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198 <p><br>
199 <a name="netbsdarcinstall"></a>
200 <h3>NetBSD/arc:</h3>
201
202 It is possible to run <a
203 href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
204 on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
205
206 <p>
207 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
208 <a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
209
210 <p>
211 To install NetBSD/arc from a CDROM image onto an emulated harddisk image,
212 follow these instructions:
213
214 <p>
215 <ol start="1">
216 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
217 that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
218 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
219
220 </pre>
221 <li>Download a NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 CDROM image, and a generic NetBSD/arc
222 kernel:<pre>
223 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
224
225 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
226 </pre>
227 <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
228 <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img -d bc:arccd.iso \
229 -j arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</b>
230
231 </pre>
232 (Try removing <tt>-x</tt> if you have problems with the xterm.)
233 <p>
234 <li>From now on, you have to use your imagination, as there is no
235 automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc. Here are some tips
236 and hints on how you can proceed with the install:
237 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
238 <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2
239 disklabel -i -I sd0</b> (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
240 '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
241 <b>newfs /dev/sd0a
242 mount /dev/sd0a /mnt
243 cd /mnt
244 for a in /mnt2/arc/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar xzpf $a; done
245 cd dev; sh MAKEDEV all
246 cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;&gt; rc.conf
247 cat > /mnt/etc/fstab
248 /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
249 /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
250 </b>(press ctrl-d)<b>
251 <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
252 halt</b>
253 </pre></td></tr></table>
254 </ol>
255
256 <p>You can now use the generic NetBSD/arc kernel to boot from the harddisk
257 image, using the following command:<pre>
258 <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
259
260 </pre>
261
262 <p>When asked for "<tt>root device: </tt>", enter <b><tt>sd0</tt></b>.
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270 <p><br>
271 <a name="netbsdhpcmipsinstall"></a>
272 <h3>NetBSD/hpcmips:</h3>
273
274 It is possible to install <a
275 href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a> onto a disk
276 image, on an an emulated MobilePro 770, 780, 800, or 880. The emulator
277 treats the different machine models as being almost identical; the most
278 important difference is regarding the framebuffer.
279
280 <p><table border="0">
281 <tr>
282 <td width="80">&nbsp;</td>
283 <td><u>Model:</u></td>
284 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
285 <td><u>Framebuffer size/depth:</u></td>
286 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
287 <td><u>Framebuffer address:</u></td>
288 </tr>
289 <tr>
290 <td></td>
291 <td>MobilePro 770 (<super>*2</super>)</td>
292 <td></td>
293 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
294 <td></td>
295 <td>0xa000000</td>
296 </tr>
297 <tr>
298 <td></td>
299 <td>MobilePro 780</td>
300 <td></td>
301 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
302 <td></td>
303 <td>0xa180100 (<super>*</super>)</td>
304 </tr>
305 <tr>
306 <td></td>
307 <td>MobilePro 800</td>
308 <td></td>
309 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
310 <td></td>
311 <td>0xa000000</td>
312 </tr>
313 <tr>
314 <td></td>
315 <td>MobilePro 880</td>
316 <td></td>
317 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
318 <td></td>
319 <td>0xa0ea600 (<super>*</super>)</td>
320 </tr>
321 </table>
322
323 <p>
324 (<super>*</super>) = not aligned at a 4 KB boundary, so it will not work
325 efficiently with the current bintrans system. Using this mode will still
326 work, but each load and store will be emulated much more slowly than is
327 possible with an aligned framebuffer.
328
329 <p>
330 (<super>*2</super>) = The MobilePro 770's cursor keys work differently
331 than the other models, for some reason. (This is a known bug.)
332
333 <p>
334 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
335 <a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1_small.png"></a>
336 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
337 <a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2_small.png"></a>
338
339 <p>
340 These instructions show an example of how to install
341 NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro 770:
342
343 <p>
344 <ol start="1">
345 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
346 that you will install NetBSD/hpcmips onto:<pre>
347 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1990000</b>
348
349 </pre>
350 <li>Download the NetBSD/hpcmips 2.0.2 ISO image, and a generic kernel:<pre>
351 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/hpcmipscd.iso">hpcmipscd.iso</a>
352
353 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
354
355 </pre>
356 <p>
357 <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
358 <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -A -d nbsd_hpcmips.img \
359 -d b:hpcmipscd.iso -j hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</b>
360
361 </pre>
362 and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
363 MobilePro 770. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
364 doing the MBR partitioning, and choose wd1d (not cd0c) as the
365 CDROM device to install from.)
366 </ol>
367
368 <p>
369 If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
370 Use the following command line to boot the emulated hpcmips machine:<pre>
371 <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
372
373 </pre>
374
375 <p>If you change your mind at this point regarding which machine type to
376 emulate, you might for example prefer a MobilePro 800, then you can change
377 that at any time. NetBSD/hpcmips is designed to be able to boot on many
378 types, without any need to change the kernel.
379
380 <p>When you have logged in as <tt>root</tt>, you can use <tt>startx</tt> to
381 start X Windows, but there is no mouse support yet so only keyboard input
382 is available. This makes it a bit akward to use X.
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391 <p><br>
392 <a name="netbsdcobaltinstall"></a>
393 <h3>NetBSD/cobalt:</h3>
394
395 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
396 to install, because the Cobalt machines were designed for Linux, and not
397 very flexible. There is no INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt. One way to
398 install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to do it from
399 another (emulated) machine.
400
401 <p>
402 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
403 <a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a>
404
405 <p>
406 The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/cobalt onto a disk
407 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
408
409 <p>
410 <ol>
411 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
412 that you will install NetBSD/cobalt onto:<pre>
413 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1999000</b>
414
415 </pre>
416 <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt and the 2.0.2 ISO image:<pre>
417 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
418 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/cobaltcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/cobaltcd.iso</a>
419
420 </pre>
421 <p>
422 <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 according to instructions
423 <a href="#netbsdinstall">further up on this page</a>.
424 <p>
425 <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
426 <b>gxemul -e3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d cobaltcd.iso -d nbsd_cobalt.img</b>
427
428 </pre>
429 <li>Log in as root (on the emulated 3MAX machine), and execute the
430 following commands: (adjust according to taste)
431 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
432 <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
433 mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
434 mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
435 cd /mnt2; sh
436 for a in /mnt/cobalt/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
437 exit
438 cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
439 echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
440 echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
441 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
442 </pre></td></tr></table>
443 </ol>
444
445 <p>
446 You should now be able to boot NetBSD/cobalt like this:<pre>
447 <b>gxemul -M128 -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
448 </pre>
449
450 Note that the installation instructions above create a filesystem
451 <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
452 swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
453 generic kernel:<pre>
454 root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0d</b>
455 dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
456 file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
457 init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter here)</i>
458 </pre>
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466 <p><br>
467 <a name="netbsdevbmipsinstall"></a>
468 <h3>NetBSD/evbmips:</h3>
469
470 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a> can run
471 in GXemul on an emulated Malta evaluation board (with a 5Kc or 4Kc CPU).
472
473 <p>
474 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
475 <a href="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta.png"><img src="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta_small.png"></a>
476
477 <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
478 kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
479 image is to install the files is to do it using another (emulated)
480 machine.
481
482 <p>
483 The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbmips onto a disk
484 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
485
486 <p>
487 <ol>
488 <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 according to instructions
489 <a href="#netbsdinstall">further up on this page</a>.
490 <p>
491 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
492 that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
493 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
494
495 </pre>
496 <li>Download the generic kernel and the 2.0.2 ISO image:<pre>
497 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
498 <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/evbmips-mipselcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/evbmips-mipselcd.iso</a>
499
500 </pre>
501 <p>
502 <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
503 <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d nbsd_malta.img -d evbmips-mipselcd.iso</b>
504
505 </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
506 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
507 <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
508 mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
509 mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
510 cd /mnt2; sh
511 for a in /mnt/evbmips-mipsel/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
512 exit
513 cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
514 echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
515 echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
516 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
517 </pre></td></tr></table>
518 </ol>
519
520 <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbmips using this command:<pre>
521 <b>gxemul -e malta -d nbsd_malta.img netbsd-MALTA.gz</b>
522 </pre>
523
524 <p>Note 1: NetBSD detects a very fast CPU although the emulation isn't
525 really that fast, so emulated delays are very slow. Even on a multi-GHz
526 host, you will need a lot of patience.
527
528 <p>Note 2: To select a 4Kc (MIPS32) CPU instead of the default 5Kc
529 (MIPS64) CPU, add <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> to the command line. With NetBSD
530 2.0.2, however, there will be little or no difference in functionality, as
531 NetBSD still runs in 32-bit mode on 64-bit MIPS CPUs. The only difference
532 it makes in practice is that GXemul's binary translation subsystem might
533 run a bit faster (because there are some optimizations for 32-bit
534 emulation that don't work with 64-bit emulation).
535
536 <p>Note 3: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
537 <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
538 swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
539 generic kernel:<pre>
540 root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
541 dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
542 file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
543 init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter here)</i>
544 </pre>
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552 <p><br>
553 <a name="netbsdsgimips"></a>
554 <h3>NetBSD/sgimips:</h3>
555
556 <p>
557 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
558 <a href="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot.png"><img src="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot_small.png"></a>
559
560 <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a> can run
561 in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32). However, GXemul does not yet
562 emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have mailed Adaptec
563 several times, asking for documentation, but never received any reply.)
564 NetBSD can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't use SCSI.
565
566 <p>For a simple test with the 2.0.2 ramdisk (install) kernel, try
567 dowloading<pre>
568 <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
569
570 </pre>and run&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><tt>gxemul -e o2 netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt></b>.
571
572 <p>It is possible to set up an environment for netbooting the emulated SGI
573 machine off of another emulated machine. Performing this setup is quite
574 time consuming, but necessary:
575
576 <p>
577 <ol>
578 <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
579 This needs to have a 750 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
580 <a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 from CDROM</a>.
581 (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
582 <p>
583 <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
584 Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
585 <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
586 </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
587 inside the emulator:
588 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
589 <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
590 echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
591 echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
592 echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate
593 echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports
594 echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
595 echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
596 echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
597 echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
598 printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams
599 echo "bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -d 4 -h 10.0.0.2" &gt;&gt; /etc/inetd.conf
600 cat &gt;&gt; /etc/bootptab
601 client:\
602 :ht=ether:\
603 :ha=102030000010:\
604 :sm=255.0.0.0:\
605 :lg=10.0.0.254:\
606 :ip=10.0.0.1:\
607 :rp=/tftpboot:
608 </b>(press CTRL-D)
609 <b>echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" &gt; /etc/ethers
610 echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
611 reboot</b>
612 </pre></td></tr></table>
613 <li>Start the DECstation emulation again, and download the
614 NetBSD/sgimips distribution sets:<br>(NOTE: This
615 takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
616 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
617 <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.uk.netbsd.org</b>
618 (log in as anonymous...)
619 <b>cd /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/sets
620 mget base.tgz comp.tgz etc.tgz games.tgz man.tgz misc.tgz text.tgz
621 quit
622 sh
623 for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; rm -f $a; done
624 echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
625 echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
626 dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32768
627 halt</b>
628 </pre></td></tr></table>
629 <li>Download the NetBSD/sgimips GENERIC and INSTALL kernels:<pre>
630 <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</a>
631 <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
632
633 </pre>
634 <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
635 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
636 <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
637 !
638 ! Configuration file for running NetBSD/sgimips diskless with
639 ! a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.</font>
640
641 <b>emul(
642 net(
643 add_remote("localhost:12444") </b>! the server<b>
644 local_port(12445) </b>! the client<b>
645 )
646
647 machine(
648 name("client machine")
649 serial_nr(1)
650
651 type("sgi")
652 subtype("o2")
653
654 load("netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz")</b>
655 ! load("netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz")<b>
656 )
657 )</b>
658 </pre></td></tr></table>
659 ... and another configuration file for the server,
660 <tt>config_server</tt>:
661 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
662 <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul</font>
663 <b>emul(
664 net(
665 local_port(12444) </b>! the server<b>
666 add_remote("localhost:12445") </b>! the client<b>
667 )
668
669 machine(
670 name("nfs server")
671 serial_nr(2)
672
673 type("dec")
674 subtype("5000/200")
675
676 disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
677 )
678 )</b>
679 </pre></td></tr></table>
680 <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the NetBSD/sgimips
681 "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
682 in one xterm:
683 <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
684
685 and then, in another xterm:
686 <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
687
688 </pre>
689 <li>In the NetBSD/sgimips window, choose "<tt>x: Exit Install System</tt>"
690 in the installer's main menu, and then type:<pre>
691 <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254</b>
692 <b>mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt</b>
693 <b>cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt</b>
694 <b>halt</b>
695 </pre>Then, once the client machine has halted, log in as <tt>root</tt>
696 on the server machine and type <tt><b>reboot</b></tt>.
697 <p>
698 <li>Once everything has been set up correctly, change
699 <tt>netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt> in <tt>config_client</tt> to
700 <tt>netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</tt> (the GENERIC kernel).
701 </ol>
702
703 <p>You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
704 run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client machine
705 actually does on the network.
706
707 <p>It should now be possible to boot NetBSD/sgimips using the NetBSD/pmax
708 nfs server, using the following commands: (NOTE! Execute these two
709 commands in separate xterms!)<pre>
710 <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
711 <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
712 </pre>
713
714 <p>When asked for "<tt>root device:</tt>" etc. on the client machine, enter
715 the following values:<pre>
716 root device: <b>mec0</b>
717 dump device: <b>(leave blank)</b>
718 file system (default generic): <b>(leave blank)</b>
719 ..
720 init path (default /sbin/init): <b>(leave blank)</b>
721 Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh: <b>(leave blank)</b>
722 Terminal type? [unknown] <b>xterm</b>
723 ..
724 # <b>exit</b> (to leave the single-user shell)
725 </pre>
726
727 <p>Note: Netbooting like this is very slow, so you need a lot of patience.
728 For example, when NetBSD says "<tt>nfs_boot: trying DHCP/BOOTP</tt>",
729 there will be a long pause, even on a very fast host machine. The reason
730 for this is mostly because the emulator doesn't deal with timing issues
731 very well, but also because NetBSD tries IPv6 first, before falling back
732 to IPv4.
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740 <p><br>
741 <a name="openbsdinstall"></a>
742 <h3>OpenBSD/pmax:</h3>
743
744 Installing <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a> is
745 a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax. You should first read the <a
746 href="#netbsdinstall">section above</a> on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
747 before continuing here. If you have never installed OpenBSD on any
748 architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this. If, on
749 the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then this should be no
750 problem for you.
751
752 <p>
753 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
754 <a href="20040710-openbsd-pmax.png"><img src="20040710-openbsd-pmax_small.png"></a>
755 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
756 <a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a>
757
758 <p>
759 OpenBSD/pmax died at release 2.8 of OpenBSD, so you should be
760 aware of the fact that this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD
761 system.
762
763 <p>
764 Following these instructions <i>might</i> work. If not, then use
765 common sense and imagination to modify them as you see fit.
766
767 <p>
768 <ol>
769 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
770 that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
771 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=900000000</b>
772
773 </pre>
774 <li>Download the entire pmax directory from the ftp server: (approx. 99 MB)<pre>
775 <b>wget -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/</a></b>
776
777 </pre>
778
779 <li>Execute the following commands:
780 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
781 <b>mv ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/simpleroot28.fs.gz .
782 gunzip simpleroot28.fs.gz
783 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b> &lt;--- make sure
784 </pre></td></tr></table>
785 <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
786 (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
787 already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
788 to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
789 <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
790
791 </pre>
792 <li>Start the emulator with all three (!) disk images:<pre>
793 <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -M64 -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
794
795 </pre>
796 (If you add <tt>-X</tt>, you will run with the graphical
797 framebuffer. This is <i>REALLY</i> slow because the console has to
798 scroll a lot during the install. I don't recommend it.)
799 <p>
800 <li>Go on with the installation as you would do if you were installing on a real machine.
801 If you are not used to the OpenBSD installer, then this will most likely
802 be a very uncomfortable experience. Some important things to keep in mind are:
803 <ul>
804 <li>rz0 is the rootdisk you wish to install onto.
805 <li>rz1 is the simpleroot image.
806 <li>rz2 is the CDROM containing the "install sets".
807 <li>When asked for the "<b>root device?</b>", enter <b>rz1</b>.
808 <li>At "<b>Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh:</b>", press enter.
809 <li>At the # prompt, do the following:<pre>
810 <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b> (and mark the filesystem as clean)
811 <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
812 <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
813 <b>./install</b>
814
815 </pre>
816 and proceed with the install. Good luck. :-)
817 <li>Answer "<b>y</b>" when asked if you wish to configure the network.
818 (See the section about installing NetBSD/pmax for suitable
819 network settings.)
820 <li>Install from "<b>c</b>" (cdrom), choose "<b>rz2</b>" as the cdrom device, and "<b>/</b>" as
821 the directory containing the install sets.
822 </ul>
823 <p>
824 <li>For some unknown reason, the install script does not set the root
825 password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
826 need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
827 the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!<pre>
828 <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
829 </pre>
830 While you are at it, you might want to extract the X11 install sets
831 as well, as the installer seems to ignore them too. (Perhaps due to a bug
832 in the installer, perhaps because of the way I used mkisofs.)
833 <p>
834 Execute the following commands in the emulator:
835 <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
836 <b>fsck /dev/rz0a
837 mount /
838 passwd root
839
840 cd /; mount -t cd9660 /dev/rz2c /mnt; sh
841 for a in /mnt/[xX]*; do tar zxvf $a; done
842 ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin/Xcfbpmax /usr/X11R6/bin/X
843 ln -s /dev/fb0 /dev/mouse
844 echo /usr/X11R6/lib &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf
845 ldconfig
846
847 sync
848 halt</b>
849 </pre></td></tr></table>
850 </ol>
851
852 <p>
853 NOTE: It is also possible to install via ftp instead of using a CDROM image.
854 This is not much less awkward, you still need the simpleroot filesystem
855 image, and you still have to manually add the X11 install sets and set the
856 root password, and so on.
857
858 <p>
859 Once you have completed the installation procedure, the following command
860 will let you boot from the new rootdisk image:
861 <pre>
862 <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -M64 -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
863 </pre>
864
865 <p>
866 (Normally, you would be asked about which root device to use (<tt>rz0</tt>),
867 but using <b><tt>-o '-aN'</tt></b> supresses that.)
868
869 <p>
870 When asked for which terminal type to use, when logging in as root,
871 enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are using the graphical framebuffer,
872 <b><tt>vt100</tt></b> for text-mode.
873 <br>Use <b><tt>startx</tt></b> to start X windows.
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881 <p><br>
882 <a name="openbsdarcinstall"></a>
883 <h3>OpenBSD/arc:</h3>
884
885 It is possible to run OpenBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the
886 emulator.
887
888 <p>
889 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
890 <a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
891
892 <p>
893 (You should be aware of the fact that OpenBSD for the ARC platform died at
894 release 2.3, so this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD system.
895 See
896 <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html</a>
897 for more information.)
898
899 <p>
900 To install OpenBSD/arc onto an emulated harddisk image, follow these
901 instructions:
902
903 <p>
904 <ol>
905 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
906 that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
907 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
908
909 </pre>
910 <li>Download the entire arc directory from the ftp server: (approx. 75 MB)<pre>
911 <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>
912
913 </pre>
914
915 <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
916 (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
917 already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
918 to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
919 <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
920
921 </pre>
922 <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
923 <b>gxemul -e pica -X -A -d obsd_arc.img -d b:openbsd_arc_2.3.iso -j 2.3/arc/bsd.rd</b>
924
925 </pre>
926 and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
927 on a real Acer PICA-61. (Answer 'no' when asked if you want to
928 configure networking, and then install from CD-ROM.)
929 </ol>
930
931 <p>
932 Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
933 boot from the harddisk image:
934 <p>
935 <pre>
936 <b>gxemul -X -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>
937
938 </pre>
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946 <p><br>
947 <a name="ultrixinstall"></a>
948 <h3>Ultrix/RISC:</h3>
949
950 Ultrix 4.x can run in GXemul on an emulated DECstation 5000/200.
951 (Ultrix was the native OS for these machines, but NetBSD/pmax is
952 also usable.)
953
954 <p>
955 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
956 <a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.gif"></a>
957 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
958 <a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a>
959
960 <p>
961 The following instructions should let you install Ultrix onto a disk image:
962
963 <ol>
964 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
965 that Ultrix installs itself onto:<pre>
966 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=rootdisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=800000</b>
967
968 </pre>
969 <li>Place your Ultrix installation media in your CDROM drive.
970 (On FreeBSD and similar systems, it is called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>.
971 Replace that with the name of your CDROM drive, or the name of a
972 .iso image file.) Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
973 <b>gxemul -X -A -M64 -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
974
975 </pre>
976 <li>Once the first stage of the installation is done (restoring the root
977 filesystem), you need to restart the emulator, booting from the
978 new rootdisk, to continue the installation process.
979 This is done by removing the bootflag ('<tt>b</tt>') from the second
980 diskimage argument:<pre>
981 <b>gxemul -X -A -M64 -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
982
983 </pre>
984 </ol>
985
986 <p>
987 When the installation is completed, the following command should start
988 Ultrix from the harddisk image:<pre>
989 <b>gxemul -X -A -M64 -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
990 </pre>
991
992 <p>Ultrix mostly seems to work with dynamic binary translation (which can
993 be disabled by the <b><tt>-B</tt></b> command line option). If you have a
994 very fast host machine, and use bintrans, you might experience a weird
995 timer related bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is
996 triggered when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine
997 was capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add
998 <b><tt>-I33000000</tt></b> to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million
999 instructions per emulated second. (When using <tt><b>-CR4400</b></tt>,
1000 <b><tt>-I16000000</tt></b> should be used instead.)
1001
1002 <p>
1003 You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
1004 dual-headed workstation) or even <b><tt>-Z3</tt></b> (tripple-headed), and
1005 also the <b><tt>-Y2</tt></b> option for scaling down the framebuffer
1006 windows by a factor 2x2.
1007 There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> option for supplying names of X11
1008 displays to use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated
1009 tripple-headed workstation, on three different displays (<tt>remote1:0.0</tt>,
1010 <tt>localhost:0.0</tt>, and <tt>remote2:0.0</tt>), using no scaledown:<pre>
1011 <b>gxemul -M64 -N -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
1012 -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost:0.0 -z remote2:0.0</b>
1013 </pre>
1014
1015 <p>
1016 The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
1017 GXemul on an Alpha 21164PC, with displays on a Sun Ultra1 (to the left),
1018 on the Alpha itself (in the middle), and on an HP700/RX X-terminal (8-bit
1019 color depth, running off the Alpha) to the right.
1020
1021 <p>
1022 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1023 <a href="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead.jpg"><img src="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead_small.jpg"></a>
1024
1025 <p>
1026 The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
1027 there is no way yet to set the scaledown factor on a per-window basis, so
1028 the scaledown factor affects all windows.
1029
1030 <p>
1031 (If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
1032 compiled your own <tt>/vmunix</tt>, then it will not contain support for
1033 multiple graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel,
1034 <tt><b>-j genvmunix</b></tt>, whenever you are running the emulator with a
1035 different setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
1036
1037 <p>
1038 A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
1039 to Ultrix, so that is possible to run as well. If you are unsuccessful
1040 in installing Ultrix or OSF/1 directly in the emulator, you can always
1041 install it on your real machine onto a real SCSI disk, and then copy the
1042 contents of that SCSI disk into a file (using <b><tt>dd(1)</tt></b>), and use
1043 that file as a disk image file in the emulator.
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050 <p><br>
1051 <a name="sprite"></a>
1052 <h3>Sprite for DECstation:</h3>
1053
1054 Sprite was a research operating system at the University of Berkeley.
1055 The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS, <a href="http://www.tuhs.org">www.tuhs.org</a>)
1056 has made available a copy of a Sprite harddisk image for a DECstation 5000/200.
1057 If you want to find out more about Sprite in general, read
1058 <a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">
1059 http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html</a>.
1060
1061 <p>
1062 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1063 <a href="20040711-sprite-1.png"><img src="20040711-sprite-1_small.png"></a>
1064 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1065 <a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a>
1066
1067 <p>
1068 The following instructions should let you run Sprite in the emulator:
1069
1070 <p>
1071 <ol>
1072 <li>Download the Sprite harddisk image:<pre>
1073 <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt</a>
1074 83973120 bytes, MD5 = ec84eeeb20fe77b758370d5e312e4a5e
1075
1076 </pre>
1077 <li>Start the emulator with the following command line:<pre>
1078 <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -M128 -d ds5000.bt -j vmsprite -o ''</b>
1079
1080 </pre>
1081 </ol>
1082
1083 <p>
1084 The first time you boot up with the disk image, you will be asked a number
1085 of questions regarding network settings. If you feel like entering correct
1086 values, then you should use the following:
1087 <p>
1088
1089 <pre>
1090 Your machine's Ethernet address: 10:20:30:00:00:10
1091 Your machine's IP: 10.0.0.1
1092 Subnet mask: 0xff000000
1093 Gateway's Ethernet address: 60:50:40:30:20:10
1094 Gateway's IP: 10.0.0.254
1095 </pre>
1096
1097 <p>
1098 Unfortunately, at the end of <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt</a>,
1099 the following sad statement can be found:
1100 <pre>
1101 The bootable Sprite image is meant to be a demonstration of Sprite, not
1102 a robust Sprite system. There are several missing things, such as
1103 floating point and network support.
1104 </pre>
1105
1106 <p>Once you are logged in as root, running <b><tt>xinit</tt></b> will
1107 start the X11 environment.
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114 <p><br>
1115 <a name="declinux"></a>
1116 <h3>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation:</h3>
1117
1118 <font color="#ef0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
1119 unstable. During my tests, even pressing the wrong key during the install
1120 (for example the wrong cursor key) can cause a kernel Oops. My success
1121 rate is probably around 50%.</font>
1122
1123 <p><font color="#ef0000">I <i>think</i> this has to do with interrupts
1124 from the serial controller. Hopefully using the <tt><b>-U</b></tt> command
1125 line option will reduce the risk for such crashes. (I haven't had time to
1126 come up with a clean solution to this yet; it feels like a buffer overflow
1127 in Linux' serial driver for the 5000/200, but it is also likely that it is
1128 a bug in GXemul.)</font>
1129
1130 <p><font color="#ef0000">Everything runs extremely slow. Even if you have
1131 a very fast host machine, an install attempt can still take several hours!
1132 </font>
1133
1134 <p>
1135 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1136 <a href="20041212-debian_1.png"><img src="20041212-debian_1_small.gif"></a>
1137 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1138 <a href="20041212-debian_2.png"><img src="20041212-debian_2_small.gif"></a>
1139 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1140 <a href="20041213-debian_3.png"><img src="20041213-debian_3_small.gif"></a>
1141 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1142 <a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a>
1143
1144 <p>
1145 The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation
1146 onto a harddisk image:
1147
1148 <p>
1149 <ol>
1150 <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
1151 that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
1152 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
1153
1154 </pre>
1155 <li>Download an install kernel:<pre>
1156 <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/</a>
1157 <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
1158
1159 </pre>
1160 <p>
1161 <li>For a text-mode installation, start the emulator like this:<pre>
1162 <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img -O boot.img</b>
1163
1164 </pre>
1165 (If you want to, you can try <b><tt>-X</tt></b> instead of
1166 <b><tt>-o 'console=ttyS3'</tt></b> on the command line. This will
1167 cause Linux to use the graphical framebuffer. Unfortunately, Linux
1168 does not seem to have a driver for the DZ11 keyboard controller yet,
1169 so you cannot interact with the system. You will see the penguin in
1170 the upper lefthand corner while booting, and nicely rendered Unicode
1171 characters, but that's about it.)
1172 <p>
1173 You need to enter some values during the installation procedure, for
1174 example network settings. The following should work:<pre>
1175 DHCP: No, choose "<b>Configure network manually</b>"
1176 IP address: <b>10.0.0.1</b>
1177 Netmask: <b>255.0.0.0</b>
1178 Gateway: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
1179 Name server addresses: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
1180 </pre>
1181 <li>Once the first phase of the install has finished, the following command
1182 should let you boot into Debian, and perform post-install
1183 configuration:<pre>
1184 <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
1185
1186 </pre>Note: All these steps take a lot of time, so you will have plenty
1187 of time to drink lots of cups of coffee.
1188 <p>
1189 <li>It seems that there's a problem with getting a login prompt on serial
1190 console (at least when I've done test installs), so when the
1191 installation is finished and you're supposed to get a login prompt,
1192 you need to press CTRL-C and type <b><tt>quit</tt></b>, and then:
1193 download a normal kernel (<i>not</i> a RAMDISK kernel):<pre>
1194 <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/</a>
1195 <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
1196
1197 </pre>and boot Debian using the following command line:<pre>
1198 <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o \
1199 'console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh' \
1200 -d debian.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
1201
1202 </pre>
1203 You'll enter single-user mode. You need to add a line to
1204 /etc/inittab, to enable logins via serial console.<pre>
1205 sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'T3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS3 9600 vt100' >> /etc/inittab</b>
1206 sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'ttyS3' >> /etc/securetty</b>
1207 sh-2.05b# <b>sync; umount /</b>
1208 sh-2.05b# <b>halt</b>
1209 </pre>
1210 </ol>
1211
1212 <p>
1213 The system should now be ready for everyday use.
1214
1215 <p>
1216 Use this command to boot from the completely installed disk image:<pre>
1217 <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
1218
1219 </pre>
1220
1221 <p>
1222 [&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-19:</font>&nbsp;
1223 Kaj-Michael Lang noticed that the current CVS-version of
1224 <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a> has
1225 support for keyboards now, on DECstation 5000/200, so it is
1226 possible to run Debian GNU/Linux with framebuffer/keyboard.
1227 (Add <b><tt>-X</tt></b> (or <b><tt>-XY2</tt></b>) and remove the
1228 <b><tt>console=ttyS3</tt></b> option.) He has made a kernel available here:
1229 <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
1230 It has other problems (ethernet doesn't seem to work, for
1231 example), but at least it doesn't Oops that often.&nbsp;]
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238 <p><br>
1239 <a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
1240 <h3>Redhat Linux for DECstation:</h3>
1241
1242 <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
1243 unstable. Read the note about <b><tt>-U</tt></b> in the section on how to
1244 install Debian.
1245 </font>
1246
1247 <p>
1248 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1249 <a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a>
1250
1251 <p>
1252 The following steps should let you run Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:
1253
1254 <p>
1255 <ol>
1256 <li>Download a kernel. This is a Debian kernel, but it works fine:<pre>
1257 <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/</a>
1258 <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
1259
1260 </pre>
1261 <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
1262 <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/</a>
1263 <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
1264 19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
1265
1266 </pre>
1267 <li>This is the tricky part: Create an ext2 filesystem image called redhat.img using
1268 the filesystem tree you just downloaded. The disk image should have a MS-DOS
1269 partition table (!), and then one or more ext2 partitions.
1270 (Use loopback mount, or similar. This is probably easiest to do on a Linux host.)
1271 However, in order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
1272 Change<pre>
1273 /dev/root / nfs defaults 1 1
1274 #/dev/sdc1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
1275 none /proc proc defaults 0 0
1276 none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622 0 0
1277
1278 </pre>to<pre>
1279 #/dev/root / nfs defaults 1 1
1280 /dev/sda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
1281 none /proc proc defaults 0 0
1282 none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622 0 0
1283
1284 </pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
1285 <p>
1286 <li>To boot Linux, start the emulator like this:<pre>
1287 <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M128 -o \
1288 "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
1289
1290 </pre>
1291 </ol>
1292
1293 <p>
1294 If you need to boot into single user mode, try the following:<pre>
1295 <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -o "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh" \
1296 -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
1297
1298 </pre>
1299
1300 <p>Redhat Linux on DECstation in R3000 mode should work fine with dynamic
1301 binary translation, but if things are buggy, it can be disabled by
1302 using the <b><tt>-B</tt></b> command line option.
1303
1304 <p>
1305 NOTE: You can add <b>-X</b> and remove <b>console=ttyS3</b> from the command
1306 line, if you want to use a graphical framebuffer. Unfortunately, Linux
1307 doesn't have support for keyboards on DECstation 5000/200 yet, so you cannot
1308 actually interact with the sytem. :-(
1309
1310 <p>
1311 [&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-22:</font>&nbsp;
1312 Read the 2005-01-19 update in the Debian section above, and then, if
1313 you do not need ethernet support, try Kaj-Michael Lang's kernel compiled
1314 from <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a>' CVS.
1315 <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">
1316 http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
1317 It should work with framebuffer/keyboard.&nbsp;]
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324 <p><br>
1325 <hr>
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333 <p><br>
1334 <a name="mach"></a>
1335 <h3>Mach/PMAX:</h3>
1336
1337 Read the following link if you want to know more about Mach in general:
1338 <a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">
1339 http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html</a>
1340
1341 <p>
1342 <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Mach for DECstation requires some files
1343 (called 'startup' and 'emulator') which I haven't been able to find
1344 on the web. Without these, Mach will not get very far. These
1345 installation instructions are preliminary.
1346 </font>
1347
1348 <p>
1349 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1350 <a href="20041018-mach_pmax.png"><img src="20041018-mach_pmax_small.png"></a>
1351
1352 <p>
1353 The following steps should let you experiment with running Mach
1354 for DECstation in the emulator:
1355
1356 <p>
1357 <ol>
1358 <li>Compile gxemul with cache emulation: (<b>NOTE: --enable-caches</b>)<pre>
1359 <b>./configure --enable-caches; make</b>
1360
1361 </pre>
1362 <li>Download the pmax binary distribution for Mach 3.0:<pre>
1363 <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/</a>
1364 <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
1365 7263343 bytes, md5 = f9d76c240a6e169921a1df99ad560cc0
1366
1367 </pre>
1368 <li>Extract the Mach kernel:<pre>
1369 <b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
1370
1371 </pre>
1372 <li>Create an empty disk image:<pre>
1373 <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=1 count=512 seek=400000000</b>
1374
1375 </pre>
1376 <li>Load the contents of pmax.tar.Z onto the disk image. This is
1377 complicated, and should be described in more detail some time.
1378 For now, use your imagination. (For example using OpenBSD/pmax:
1379 <i>disklabel -E rz1; newfs -O /dev/rz1a;
1380 mount /dev/rz1a /mnt; cd /mnt; download pmax.tar.Z using ftp;
1381 tar xzvf pmax.tar.Z; mv pmax_mach/* .; rmdir pmax_mach;
1382 mkdir mach_servers;
1383 cd mach_servers;
1384 cp ../etc/mach_init .;
1385 cp ../tests/test_service startup;
1386 dd if=/dev/zero of=paging_file bs=65536 count=400;
1387 cd /; sync; umount /mnt</i>)
1388 <p>
1389 <li>Start the emulator with the following command:<pre>
1390 <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
1391 pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
1392
1393 </pre>
1394 </ol>
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402 <p><br>
1403 <a name="openbsdsgiinstall"></a>
1404 <h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>
1405
1406 <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
1407 can (almost) run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
1408
1409 <p>
1410 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1411 <a href="20050617-openbsd-sgi.png"><img src="20050617-openbsd-sgi_small.png"></a>
1412
1413 <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded all the way with
1414 this yet, and this shows/triggers many bugs in the emulator, but some of
1415 it works.</font>
1416
1417 <p>GXemul does not yet emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have
1418 mailed Adaptec several times, asking for documentation, but never received
1419 any reply.) OpenBSD/sgi can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't
1420 use SCSI. For a simple test with the ramdisk (install) kernel, try dowloading<pre>
1421 <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
1422
1423 </pre>and run <b><tt>gxemul -e o2 bsd.rd</tt></b>.
1424
1425 <p>It might also be possible to netboot. Another emulated machine must
1426 then be used as the nfs root server, and the emulated O2 machine must boot
1427 as a <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=diskless&amp;manpath=OpenBSD+Current&amp;format=html">diskless</a>
1428 client. Performing this setup is quite time consuming, but necessary:
1429
1430 <p>
1431 <ol>
1432 <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
1433 This needs to have a 800 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
1434 <a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 from CDROM</a>.
1435 (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
1436 <p>
1437 <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
1438 Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
1439 <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
1440 </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
1441 inside the emulator:
1442 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1443 <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1444 echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1445 echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
1446 echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate
1447 echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports
1448 echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1449 echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1450 echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1451 echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
1452 printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams
1453 echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" &gt; /etc/ethers
1454 echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
1455 reboot</b>
1456 </pre></td></tr></table>
1457 <li>Start the DECstation emulation again, and enter the following
1458 commands to download the OpenBSD/sgi distribution:<br>(NOTE: This
1459 takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
1460 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1461 <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
1462 (log in as anonymous...)
1463 <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi
1464 mget b*tgz c* e* g* m*
1465 quit
1466 sh
1467 for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
1468 echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
1469 rm *.tgz
1470 dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32768
1471 halt</b>
1472 </pre></td></tr></table>
1473 <li>Download the OpenBSD/sgi GENERIC and RAMDISK kernels:<pre>
1474 <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd</a>
1475 MD5 (bsd) = f16eaf3dcbd51876db7c25f70e6d8a08
1476 <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
1477 MD5 (bsd.rd) = 4843e6139d8dd04b03d5f0e33e9a4f7b
1478
1479 </pre>
1480 <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
1481 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1482 <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
1483 !
1484 ! Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
1485 ! a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
1486 !
1487 ! This config file is for the client.</font>
1488
1489 <b>emul(
1490 net(
1491 add_remote("localhost:12444") </b>! the server<b>
1492 local_port(12445) </b>! the client<b>
1493 )
1494
1495 machine(
1496 name("client machine")
1497 serial_nr(1)
1498
1499 type("sgi")
1500 subtype("o2")
1501
1502 </b>! load("bsd")<b>
1503 load("bsd.rd")
1504 )
1505 )</b>
1506 </pre></td></tr></table>
1507 ... and another configuration file for the server,
1508 <tt>config_server</tt>:
1509 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1510 <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul</font>
1511 <b>emul(
1512 net(
1513 local_port(12444) </b>! the server<b>
1514 add_remote("localhost:12445") </b>! the client<b>
1515 )
1516
1517 machine(
1518 name("nfs server")
1519 serial_nr(2)
1520
1521 type("dec")
1522 subtype("5000/200")
1523
1524 disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
1525 )
1526 )</b>
1527 </pre></td></tr></table>
1528 <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the OpenBSD/sgi
1529 "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
1530 in one xterm:
1531 <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
1532
1533 and then, in another xterm:
1534 <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
1535
1536 </pre>
1537 <li>In the OpenBSD/sgi window, choose "<tt>s</tt>" (for Shell), and type:
1538 <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
1539 <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254
1540 mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt
1541 cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt
1542 halt</b>
1543 </pre></td></tr></table>
1544 You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
1545 run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client
1546 machine actually does on the network. The <tt>MAKEDEV</tt> script
1547 takes almost forever, so be patient.
1548 </ol>
1549
1550
1551 <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Everything up to this point should work.
1552 However, the next step (in gray) doesn't actually work:</font>
1553
1554 <p><font color="#888888">Once everything has been set up correctly, change
1555 <tt>bsd.rd</tt> in <tt>config_client</tt> to just <tt>bsd</tt> (the GENERIC
1556 kernel). It should now be possible to boot OpenBSD/sgi using the NetBSD/pmax
1557 nfs server. (When asked for "<tt>root device :</tt>" on the OpenBSD machine,
1558 enter <tt><b>mec0</b></tt>.)</font>
1559
1560 <p><font color="#ff0000">But it doesn't work. Probably because GXemul's
1561 implementation of the mec (ethernet card used in the O2) is too much of
1562 a quick hack. For now, use the <tt>bsd.rd</tt> kernel, and (at every
1563 boot) type:</font><pre>
1564 <b>s</b> (for Shell)
1565 <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254</b>
1566 <b>mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt</b>
1567 <b>cd /mnt; usr/sbin/chroot .</b>
1568 <b>sh etc/rc</b>
1569 </pre>
1570
1571 <p><font color="#ff0000">This will not cause OpenBSD to be booted
1572 normally, but at least a few basic things will work.
1573 By the way, the emulator performs so poorly, that you will have time to
1574 fetch several cups of coffee for each of the steps above.</font>
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583 </p>
1584
1585 </body>
1586 </html>

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