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-revision 4 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:18:00 2007 UTC
+revision 38 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:21:53 2007 UTC
 Line 1
- <html>
+ <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing and running "guest OSes"</title>
- <head><title>GXemul documentation: Installing and running "guest OSes"</title>
+ <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
- </head>
  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
- <b>GXemul documentation:</b></font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Installing and running "guest OSes"</b>
  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
- <!-- The first 10 lines are cut away by the homepage updating script.  -->
  <!--
- $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.35 2005/04/27 15:32:40 debug Exp $
+ $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.212 2007/04/14 05:38:00 debug Exp $
- Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
+ Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-Line 42 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
+Line 39 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
  -->
  <a href="./">Back to the index</a>
  <p><br>
-Line 50 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
+Line 48 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
  <p>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#generalnotes">General notes on running "guest OSes"</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">Installing NetBSD/pmax in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax 3.1 or 1.6.2</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">Installing NetBSD/arc in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc 1.6.2</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">Installing NetBSD/hpcmips in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">Installing NetBSD/cobalt in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt 3.1</a>
- <!--
+   <li><a href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">Running NetBSD/sgimips in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdalgorinstall">NetBSD/algor 3.1</a>
- -->
+   <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgimips 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdinstall">Installing OpenBSD/pmax in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">NetBSD/cats 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">Installing OpenBSD/arc in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdevbarminstall">NetBSD/evbarm 2.1</a>
- <!--
+   <li><a href="#netbsdnetwinderinstall">NetBSD/netwinder 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">Running OpenBSD/sgi in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdprepinstall">NetBSD/prep 2.1</a>
- -->
+   <li><a href="#netbsdmacppcinstall">NetBSD/macppc 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Installing Ultrix/RISC in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">NetBSD/dreamcast 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#sprite">Running Sprite for DECstation in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="dreamcast.html#linux_live_cd">Linux/dreamcast</a>
-   <li><a href="#declinux">Installing Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdpmaxinstall">OpenBSD/pmax 2.8-BETA</a>
-   <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Running Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdcatsinstall">OpenBSD/cats 4.0</a>
-   <li><a href="#mach">Running Mach/PMAX in GXemul</a>
+   <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Ultrix/RISC 4.5</a>
+   <li><a href="#sprite">Sprite for DECstation</a>
+   <li><a href="#declinux">Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation</a>
  </ul>
 Line 79 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
  <h3>General notes on running "guest OSes":</h3>
  The emulator works well enough to run complete operating systems. These
- are often refered to as "guest" operating systems.
+ are often refered to as <i>guest</i> operating systems, in contrast to the
+ <i>host</i> operating system which the emulator is running under.
- <p>
+ <p>Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
- Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
+ harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
- harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
+ using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
- using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
+ may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
- may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
  system, the harddisk image looks and acts like a real disk.
+ <p>The version numbers of the various operating systems were the latest
+ versions that worked satisfactory with GXemul at the time this page was
+ updated; if new versions have been released since then, they might work as
+ well.
+ <p>In addition to the "working" guest operating systems listed above,
+ you might find the following information interesting:
+ <ul>
+   <li><a href="#mach">Mach/PMAX</a>
+   <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Redhat Linux for DECstation</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">OpenBSD/arc 2.3</a>
+   <li><a href="#debiancats">Debian GNU/Linux for CATS</a>
+   <!-- <li><a href="#linux_malta">Linux/Malta</a> -->
+   <li><a href="#linux_qemu_mips">Linux/QEMU_MIPS</a>
+   <li><a href="#windows_nt_mips">Windows NT/MIPS</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdbeboxinstall">NetBSD/bebox 19981119</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdlandiskinstall">NetBSD/landisk</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdlandiskinstall">OpenBSD/landisk</a>
+ </ul>
+ <p><b><font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</b>
+ Some of these sections may not be relevant to this
+ specific release of GXemul,</font> for example some of these
+ modes may be legacy modes that worked before but not any longer,
+ or are not yet working but could be in the future.
+ <p>Some operating systems are listed with a version number <i>less</i>
+ than what was available at the time of this GXemul release (e.g.
+ NetBSD/prep). The reasons for this is because of incompleteness in
+ GXemul's machine, device, and/or processor implementations.
-Line 96 
 system, the harddisk image looks and act
+Line 128 
 system, the harddisk image looks and act
  <p><br>
- <a name="netbsdinstall"></a>
+ <a name="netbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing NetBSD/pmax in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/pmax:</h3>
- <p>
+ <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a> was the
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ first guest OS that could be
- <a href="netbsd-pmax-20040630.png"><img src="netbsd-pmax-20040630_small.png"></a>
+ <a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-pmax/2004/04/18/0000.html">installed</a>
+ onto a disk image in GXemul. The device emulation of the DECstation
+/200 is reasonably complete; it should be enough to emulate a
+ networked X-windows-capable workstation.
+ <p>NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2 works perfectly with X out-of-the-box. Unfortunately,
+ newer NetBSD releases have changed slightly, and X does not work straight
+ away with NetBSD 2.x and 3.x. It seems that this has to do with NetBSD
+ switching console system to "WSCONS" somewhere between 1.6.2 and 2.0.
+ <p>What this means is that if you want to use emulated X11, then you need
+ to run NetBSD 1.6.2. At the time of writing this, 4.0_BETA snapshots work
+ fine too, but 4.0 isn't released yet. If you feel that you only need
+ serial-console emulation, then choose 3.1.
- <p>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- To install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image in the emulator, follow these
+ <a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
- instructions:
- <p>
+ <p>To install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image in the emulator,
- <ol start="1">
+ follow these instructions:
+ <p><ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=1900000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 126 
 steps:
+Line 172 
 steps:
  <ol start="2">
    <li>Download a NetBSD CD-ROM iso image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
          or
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/pmaxcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmaxcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmaxcd-3.1.iso</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd-3.1.iso</b>
+         (or <b>pmaxcd.iso</b>)
  </pre>
+         and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
+         DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
+         type, and not <tt>rcons</tt>.
  </ol>
  <p>
  For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 and 3 above with these:
  <p>
  <ol start="2">
-   <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel, and gunzip it:<pre>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
          or
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
-         $ <b>gunzip netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
  </pre>
- </ol>
+         and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
+         DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
- <p>
+         type, and not <tt>rcons</tt>. Suitable networking parameters are as
- (If you don't want to use a graphical framebuffer during the install,
+         follows:<pre>
- you can remove <b>-X</b> from the command line, but then make sure you
- choose 'vt100' when prompted with which terminal type to use, and not
- 'rcons'.)
- <p>
- Then proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
- DECstation. If you are installing from the network, then suitable networking
- parameters are as follows:<pre>
          Which device shall I use? [le0]: <b>le0</b>
          ..
          Your DNS domain: <b>mydomain.com</b>
-Line 172 
 parameters are as follows:<pre>
+Line 212 
 parameters are as follows:<pre>
          IPv4 gateway: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
          IPv4 name server: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
  </pre>
+         (If using 10.0.0.254 as the nameserver fails, then try entering the
+         IP number of a real-world nameserver instead.)
+ </ol>
- <p>
+ <p>If you want to use a graphical framebuffer during the install, you can
- (If using 10.0.0.254 as the nameserver fails, then try entering the
+ add <b><tt>-X -Y2</tt></b> to the command line, and choose <tt>rcons</tt>
- IP number of a real-world nameserver instead.)
+ instead of <tt>vt100</tt> when prompted with which terminal type to use.
+ (By just using <tt><b>-X</b></tt>, you will get a full-size framebuffer
+ window.)
- <p>
+ <p>When the installation is finished, the following command should start
- When the installation is completed, the following command should start
  NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>If you installed NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2, or 4.0_BETA, then try the
- Use <b>startx</b> to start X windows.
+ following to start with a framebuffer:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
- <p>
- <font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</font> For some reason, NetBSD 2.0 doesn't
- work with X out-of-the-box on pmax. It seems that this has to do with a
- switch to WSCONS. For now, if you want X, then try NetBSD 1.6.2.
- <p>
- If you want to run without the X framebuffer, use this instead:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>
+ and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt>startx</tt> to start X windows.
-Line 204 
 If you want to run without the X framebu
+Line 242 
 If you want to run without the X framebu
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdarcinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing NetBSD/arc in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/arc:</h3>
- It is possible to run NetBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
+ It is possible to install and run an old version of <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
+ on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
  <p>
- To install NetBSD/arc from a CDROM image onto an emulated harddisk image,
+ To install NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 from a CDROM image onto an emulated
- follow these instructions:
+ harddisk image, follow these instructions:
  <p>
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
- </pre>
-   <li>Download a NetBSD/arc CDROM image from ftp:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download a NetBSD/arc installation (ramdisk) kernel,
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 CDROM image, and a generic NetBSD/arc
-         and gunzip it:<pre>
+         kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E arc -e pica -b -d nbsd_arc.img -d arccd.iso netbsd.RAMDISK</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img -d bc:arccd.iso -j arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</b>
  </pre>
+         (Try removing <tt>-x</tt> if you have problems with the xterm.)
+     <p>
    <li>From now on, you have to use your imagination, as there is no
-         automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc. Here are some tips
+         automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc 1.6.2. Here are
-         and hints on how you can proceed with the install:<pre>
+         some tips and hints on how you can proceed with the install:
-         $ <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2</b>
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
-         $ <b>disklabel -i -I sd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
+ <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2
-             '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
+ disklabel -i -I sd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
-         $ <b>newfs /dev/sd0a</b>
+     '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
-         $ <b>mount /dev/sd0a /mnt</b>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0a
-         $ <b>cd /mnt</b>
+ mount /dev/sd0a /mnt
-         $ <b>for a in /mnt2/arc/binary/sets/*.tgz; do tar xvzpf $a; done</b>
+ cd /mnt
-         $ <b>cd dev; sh MAKEDEV all</b>
+ for a in /mnt2/arc/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar xzpf $a; done
-         $ <b>cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;&gt; rc.conf</b>
+ cd dev; sh MAKEDEV all
-         $ <b>cat > /mnt/etc/fstab</b>
+ cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;&gt; rc.conf
-             /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
+ cat > /mnt/etc/fstab
-             /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
+ /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
-             (ctrl-d)
+ /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
-         $ <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2</b>
+ </b>(press ctrl-d)
-         $ <b>halt</b>
+ <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
+ halt</b>
- </pre>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
-   <li>Download a generic NetBSD/arc kernel,
-         and gunzip it:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
- </pre>
  </ol>
- <p>
+ <p>You can now use the generic NetBSD/arc kernel to boot from the harddisk
- You can now use the generic NetBSD/arc kernel to boot from the harddisk
+ image, using the following command:<pre>
- image, using the following command:
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
- <p>
- <pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E arc -e pica -b -d nbsd_arc.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>When asked for "<tt>root device: </tt>", enter <b><tt>sd0</tt></b>.
- Using <b>-b</b> (enabling dynamic binary translation), as in the instructions
- above, is not 100% stable. If you experiment weird crashes, try removing that
- option and try again.
-Line 285 
 option and try again.
+Line 313 
 option and try again.
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdhpcmipsinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing NetBSD/hpcmips in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/hpcmips:</h3>
- It is possible to install NetBSD/hpcmips onto a disk image, on an an
+ It is possible to install <a
- emulated MobilePro 770, 780, 800, or 880. The emulator treats the
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a> onto a disk
- different machine models as being almost identical; the most important
+ image, on an an emulated MobilePro 770 or 800. (MobilePro 780 and 880 might
- difference is regarding the framebuffer.
+ work too, but I don't test those for every release of the emulator. They
+ have unaligned framebuffers, and run a bit slower.)
- <p>
- <table border="0">
-         <tr>
-                 <td width="80">&nbsp;</td>
-                 <td><u>Model:</u></td>
-                 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-                 <td><u>Framebuffer size/depth:</u></td>
-                 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-                 <td><u>Framebuffer address:</u></td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 770 (<super>*2</super>)</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa000000</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 780</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa180100 (<super>*</super>)</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 800</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa000000</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 880</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa0ea600 (<super>*</super>)</td>
-         </tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- (<super>*</super>) = not aligned at a 4 KB boundary, so it will not work
- efficiently with the current bintrans system. Using this mode will still
- work, but each load and store will be emulated much more slowly than is
- possible with an aligned framebuffer.
- <p>
- (<super>*2</super>) = The MobilePro 770's cursor keys work differently
- than the other models, for some reason. (This is a known bug.)
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-Line 354 
 than the other models, for some reason.
+Line 329 
 than the other models, for some reason.
  <p>
  These instructions show an example of how to install
- NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro 800:
+ NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro 770:
  <p>
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that you will install NetBSD/hpcmips onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1990000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the installation kernel (and gunzip it) and an ISO
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/hpcmips 3.1 ISO image, and a generic kernel:<pre>
-         image of NetBSD 2.0 for hpcmips:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/hpcmipscd-3.1.iso">hpcmipscd-3.1.iso</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz">netbsd.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/hpcmipscd.iso">hpcmipscd.iso</a>
- </pre>(You may want to choose a mirror closer to you, if .se is slow.)
+ </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E hpc -e mobilepro800 -b -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img -d hpcmipscd.iso netbsd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img -d b:hpcmipscd-3.1.iso -j hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
-         MobilePro 800. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
+         MobilePro 770. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
-         doing the MBR partitioning, and choose wd1d (not cd0c) as the
+         doing the MBR partitioning, and choose to install from CD-ROM.)
-         CDROM device to install from.)
  </ol>
  <p>
  If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
- GXemul does not (yet) support reading the kernel directly from the
+ Use the following command line to boot the emulated hpcmips machine:<pre>
- disk image, so you need to download a generic kernel separately:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>When you have logged in as <tt>root</tt>, you can use <tt>startx</tt> to
- Once you have gunziped the generic kernel, you can now use it to boot from
+ start X Windows, but there is no mouse support yet so only keyboard input
- the harddisk image, using the following command:<pre>
+ is available. This makes it a bit akward to use X.
-         $ <b>gxemul -E hpc -e mobilepro800 -b -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
- </pre>
- <p>
- When you have logged in as root, you can use <b>startx</b> to start X
- Windows. (Note: There is no mouse support yet; you can only use
- keyboard input.)
-Line 409 
 keyboard input.)
+Line 373 
 keyboard input.)
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdcobaltinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing NetBSD/cobalt in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/cobalt:</h3>
  <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
  to install, because the Cobalt machines were designed for Linux, and not
- very flexible. There is no INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt. One way to
+ very flexible. There is no traditional INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt.
- install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to do it from
+ One way to install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to
- another (emulated) machine.
+ do it from another (emulated) machine.
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a>
+ <a href="20060812-netbsd-cobalt-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060812-netbsd-cobalt-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
  <p>
  The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/cobalt onto a disk
-Line 427 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
+Line 391 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
  <p>
  <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
          that you will install NetBSD/cobalt onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1999000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0 according to instructions further up
+   <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
-         on this page.
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-   <p>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/cobaltcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/cobaltcd-3.1.iso</a>
-   <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt (and gunzip it) and
-         the 2.0 ISO image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/cobaltcd.iso">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/cobaltcd.iso</a>
- </pre>(You may want to choose a mirror closer to you, if .se is slow.)
-   <p>
-   <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -b -Edec -e3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d cobaltcd.iso -d nbsd_cobalt.img</b>
- </pre>
-   <li>Log in as root (on the emulated 3MAX machine), and execute the
-         following commands: (adjust according to taste)<pre>
-         # <b>newfs /dev/sd1c</b>
-         # <b>mount /dev/cd0c /mnt</b>
-         # <b>mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2</b>
-         # <b>cd /mnt2; sh</b>
-         # <b>for a in /mnt/cobalt/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done</b>
-         # <b>exit</b>
-         # <b>cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc</b>
-         # <b>echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab</b>
-         # <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
  </pre>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_cobalt.img -d cobaltcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
  </ol>
  <p>
  You should now be able to boot NetBSD/cobalt like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -b -M128 -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
+         <b>gxemul -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
  </pre>
  Note that the installation instructions above create a filesystem
-Line 473 
 generic kernel:<pre>
+Line 437 
 generic kernel:<pre>
          root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0d</b>
          dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
          file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):     <i>(just press enter here)</i>
  </pre>
-Line 481 
 generic kernel:<pre>
+Line 446 
 generic kernel:<pre>
- <!--
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdevbmipsinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/evbmips:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a> can run
+ in GXemul on an emulated Malta evaluation board, with a 5Kc (MIPS64) or
+Kc (MIPS32) processor. 5Kc is the default.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
+ <p>One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
+ image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
+ <p>
+ The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbmips onto a disk
+ image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the Malta kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/evbmips-mipselcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/evbmips-mipselcd-3.1.iso</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_malta.img -d evbmips-mipselcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcemt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbmips using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e malta -d nbsd_malta.img netbsd-MALTA.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>NOTE: To select a 4Kc (MIPS32) CPU instead of the default 5Kc
+ (MIPS64) CPU, add <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> to the command line. With NetBSD
+.1, however, there will be little or no difference in functionality, as
+ NetBSD still runs in 32-bit mode on 64-bit MIPS CPUs. There are two things
+ that differ:<ol>
+   <li>The dynamic translation core runs faster when emulating 32-bit
+         processors, so <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> might make things go faster.
+   <li>4Kc only has 16 TLB entries, whereas 5Kc has 48. This makes 4Kc
+         emulation slower in general, because there are more TLB misses.
+ </ol>
+ <p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
+ <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
+ swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
+ generic kernel:<pre>
+         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b):             <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         file system (default generic):          <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):         <i>(just press enter)</i>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdalgorinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/algor:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/algor/">NetBSD/algor</a> can
+ run in GXemul on an emulated Algorithmics P5064 evaluation board.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060814-netbsd-algor-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060814-netbsd-algor-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
+ <p>One way to install the NetBSD/algor distribution onto a disk
+ image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/algor onto a disk
+ image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD/algor onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_algor.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the P5064 Algor kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/algor/binary/kernel/netbsd-P5064.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/algor/binary/kernel/netbsd-P5064.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/algorcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/algorcd-3.1.iso</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_algor.img -d algorcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/algor using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e p5064 -d nbsd_algor.img netbsd-P5064.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
+ <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
+ swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
+ generic kernel:<pre>
+         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b):             <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         file system (default generic):          <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):         <i>(just press enter)</i>
+ </pre>
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdsgimips"></a>
- <h3>Running NetBSD/sgimips in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/sgimips:</h3>
- <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
+ <p>
- can theoretically run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0.png"><img src="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0_small.png"></a>
+ <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a> can run
+ in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32). However, GXemul does not yet
+ emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have mailed Adaptec
+ several times, asking for documentation, but never received any reply.)
+ NetBSD can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't use SCSI.
+ <p>For a simple test with the ramdisk/install kernel, try
+ dowloading<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
+ </pre>and run&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><tt>gxemul -x -e o2 netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt></b>.
+ <p>It is possible to set up an environment for netbooting the emulated SGI
+ machine off of another emulated machine. Performing this setup is quite
+ time consuming, but necessary:
  <p>
- <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded with this yet.</font>
+ <ol>
+   <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
+         This needs to have a 750 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
+         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.1 from CDROM</a>.
+         (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
+   <p>
+   <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
+         Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+ </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
+         inside the emulator:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
+ echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate
+ echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports
+ echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams
+ echo "bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -d 4 -h 10.0.0.2" &gt;&gt; /etc/inetd.conf
+ cat &gt;&gt; /etc/bootptab
+ client:\
+         :ht=ether:\
+         :ha=102030000010:\
+         :sm=255.0.0.0:\
+         :lg=10.0.0.254:\
+         :ip=10.0.0.1:\
+         :rp=/tftpboot:
+ </b>(press CTRL-D)
+ <b>echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" &gt; /etc/ethers
+ echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
+ reboot</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <p>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/sgimips CD-ROM iso image, and the
+         GENERIC and INSTALL kernels:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/sgimipscd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/sgimipscd-3.1.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start the DECstation emulation again:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d sgimipscd-3.1.iso</b>
+ </pre>and extract the files from the sgimips CD-ROM image to the
+         DECstation disk image:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>cd /tftpboot; mount /dev/cd0a /mnt
+ for a in /mnt/sgimips/binary/sets/[bcegmt]*; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
+ echo 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/mygate
+ echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/resolv.conf
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=65536
+ cd /; umount /mnt; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <font color="#2020cf">!  Configuration file for running NetBSD/sgimips diskless with
+ !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.</font>
+ <b>    net(
+         add_remote("localhost:12444")   </b>! the server<b>
+         local_port(12445)               </b>! the client<b>
+     )
+     machine(
+         name("client machine")
+         serial_nr(1)
+         type("sgi")
+         subtype("o2")
+         load("netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz")</b>
+         ! load("netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz")<b>
+     )
+ </b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+         ... and another configuration file for the server,
+         <tt>config_server</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>    net(
+         local_port(12444)               </b>! the server<b>
+         add_remote("localhost:12445")   </b>! the client<b>
+     )
+     machine(
+         name("nfs server")
+         serial_nr(2)
+         type("dec")
+         subtype("5000/200")
+         disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
+     )
+ </b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the NetBSD/sgimips
+         "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
+         in one xterm:
+         <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
+         and then, in another xterm:
+         <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>In the NetBSD/sgimips window, choose "<tt>x: Exit Install System</tt>"
+         in the installer's main menu, and then type:<pre>
+         <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254</b>
+         <b>mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt</b>
+         <b>cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt</b>
+         <b>halt</b>
+ </pre>Then, once the client machine has halted, log in as <tt>root</tt>
+         on the server machine and type <tt><b>reboot</b></tt>.
+   <p>
+   <li>Once everything has been set up correctly, change
+         <tt>netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt> in <tt>config_client</tt> to
+         <tt>netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</tt> (the GENERIC kernel).
+ </ol>
+ <p>You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
+ run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client machine
+ actually does on the network.
+ <p>It should now be possible to boot NetBSD/sgimips using the NetBSD/pmax
+ nfs server, using the following commands: (NOTE! Execute these two
+ commands in separate xterms!)<pre>
+         <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
+         <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>When asked for "<tt>root device:</tt>" etc. on the client machine, enter
+ the following values:<pre>
+         root device: <b>mec0</b>
+         dump device:                            <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         file system (default generic):          <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         ..
+         init path (default /sbin/init):         <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh:  <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         Terminal type? [unknown] <b>xterm</b>
+         ..
+         # <b>exit</b>                   (to leave the single-user shell)
+ </pre>
+ <p>Note: Netbooting like this is very slow, so you need a lot of patience.
+ For example, when NetBSD says "<tt>nfs_boot: trying DHCP/BOOTP</tt>",
+ there will be a long pause, even on a very fast host machine. The reason
+ for this is mostly because the emulator doesn't deal with timing issues
+ very well, but also because NetBSD tries IPv6 first, before falling back
+ to IPv4.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdcatsinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/cats:</h3>
+ It is possible to install and run
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cats/">NetBSD/cats</a> in GXemul.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
  <p>
- See the section on <a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">how to run OpenBSD/sgi</a>
+ To install NetBSD/cats onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
- for more information.
  <p>
- TODO...
+ <ol start="1">
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that you will install NetBSD/cats onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
- <pre>
+ </pre>
- cd /x; ftp -i ftp.se.netbsd.org
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/cats 3.1 ISO image and the generic and install kernels:<pre>
- ..
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/catscd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/catscd-3.1.iso</a>
- cd pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/sets
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</a>
- mget *.tgz
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d catscd-3.1.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+         and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
+         CATS from CDROM.
+ </ol>
+ <p>Alternatively, to install from FTP, you can skip downloading the ISO,
+ and start the install without <tt>-d catscd-3.1.iso</tt>. Suitable network
+ settings are IP 10.0.0.1, gateway/default route 10.0.0.254, netmask
+.0.0.0, nameserver 10.0.0.254.
+ <p>If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
+ Use the following command line to boot the emulated CATS machine:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdevbarminstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/evbarm:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbarm/">NetBSD/evbarm</a> can
+ run in GXemul on an emulated IQ80321 evaluation board.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060218-netbsd-evbarm.png"><img src="20060218-netbsd-evbarm_small.png"></a>
+ <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
+ kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/evbarm distribution onto a disk
+ image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbarm onto a disk
+ image, from an emulated CATS machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Install NetBSD/cats 3.1 according to instructions
+         <a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">further up on this page</a>.
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_iq80321.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download an IQ80321 kernel with wdc support, and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel/netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz">netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbarmcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbarmcd.iso</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>The first step is to copy the distribution .tgz files onto the CATS
+         machine's harddisk. Start the CATS machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d evbarmcd.iso netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt; cd /root; cp /mnt/evbarm/binary/sets/[bcegmt]* .
+ sync; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <p>
+   <li>Now let's extract the files onto the IQ80321's disk image. Start the
+         CATS machine again, with the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d nbsd_iq80321.img netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>disklabel -I -i wd1</b>
+     (enter suitable commands, e.g. <i>a, 4.2BSD, 1c, 750M, b,
+      swap, a, 200M, P, W, y, Q</i>)
+ <b>newfs /dev/wd1a; mount /dev/wd1a /mnt; cd /mnt; sh
+ for a in /root/[bcegmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  exit
- sh
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
- for a in etc.tgz base.tgz comp.tgz; do tar zxvfp $a; done
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" &gt; fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" &gt;&gt; fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; sync; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbarm using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -xEiq80321 -d nbsd_iq80321.img netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz</b>
  </pre>
- -->
-Line 520 
 for a in etc.tgz base.tgz comp.tgz; do t
+Line 931 
 for a in etc.tgz base.tgz comp.tgz; do t
  <p><br>
- <a name="openbsdinstall"></a>
+ <a name="netbsdnetwinderinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing OpenBSD/pmax in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>NetBSD/netwinder:</h3>
+ It is possible to run <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/netwinder/">NetBSD/netwinder</a>
+ in GXemul.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-1.png"><img src="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-1_small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-2.png"><img src="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-2_small.png"></a>
+ <p>There is no INSTALL ramdisk kernel, so one way to install the
+ NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk image is to install the files
+ using another (emulated) machine. The following instructions will let you
+ install the NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk image, from an
+ emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_netwinder.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the generic kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/netwindercd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/netwindercd-3.1.iso</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_netwinder.img -d netwindercd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>NetBSD/netwinder is now installed on the disk image. The following command
+ line can be used to start NetBSD/netwinder:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -E netwinder -d nbsd_netwinder.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>This will result in a 1024x768 framebuffer. Add <tt>-Y2</tt> to the
+ command line if you want to scale it down to 512x384.
+ <p>Note: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
+ <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
+ swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
+ generic kernel:<pre>
+         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b): <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         file system (default generic):    <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):   <i>(just press enter)</i>
+ </pre>
+ <p>Known bugs/problems:
+ <ul>
+         <li>There is a long delay when starting up NetBSD/netwinder
+                 (several seconds even on a very fast host machine),
+                 so you need to be patient.
+         <li>There is a minor bug in the keyboard device, so you need to
+                 press a key (any key) before typing wd0c.
+         <li>When halting/rebooting NetBSD/netwinder, the emulator
+                 prints a message saying something about an internal
+                 error. This doesn't matter; ignore the message.
+ </ul>
- Installing OpenBSD/pmax is a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax.
- You should first read the section above on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdprepinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/prep:</h3>
+ It is possible to install and run <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a> 2.1 in GXemul on
+ an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machine. (Newer versions of NetBSD/prep use
+ the wdc controller in a way which isn't implemented in GXemul yet, or
+ there are bugs in GXemul's PowerPC CPU emulation.)
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20051123-netbsd-prep.png"><img src="20051123-netbsd-prep_small.png"></a>
+ <p>To install NetBSD/prep onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
+ <p>
+ <ol start="1">
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that you will install NetBSD/prep onto:<pre>
+     <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_prep.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1000000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/prep 2.1 ISO image and the generic kernel:<pre>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/prepcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/prepcd.iso</a>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
+     <b>gxemul -X -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img -d rdb:prepcd.iso -j prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Installation is a bit unsmooth, possibly due to bugs in GXemul,
+         possibly due to bugs in NetBSD itself; others have been having
+         problems on real hardware: <a href="http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-prep/2005/11/25/0004.html">http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-prep/2005/11/25/0004.html</a>.
+         Creating an MBR slice and a disklabel with sysinst bugs out, so
+         some things have to be done manually:<p>
+         At "<tt>(I)nstall, (S)hell, or (H)alt</tt>", choose
+                 <tt><b><u>s</u></b></tt>.
+         <br><tt># <b><u>fdisk -u wd0</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks? [n]</tt>
+                 (just press <b>ENTER</b>)
+         <br><tt>Which partition do you want to change?: [none] <b><u>0</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>sysid: ... </tt> (just press <B>ENTER</b>)
+         <br><tt>start: ... <b><u>1cyl</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>size: ... </tt> (just press <B>ENTER</b>)
+         <br><tt>Which partition do you want to change?: [none]</tt> (press <b>ENTER</b>)
+         <br><tt>Should we write new partition table? [n] <b><u>y</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt># <b><u>disklabel -I -i wd0</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>a</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Filesystem type [?] [unused]: <b><u>4.2BSD</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>1c</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>900M</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>b</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Filesystem type [?] [unused]: <b><u>swap</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>a</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>$</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>W</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Label disk [n]? <b><u>y</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>Q</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt># <b><u>newfs wd0a</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt># <b><u>sysinst</u></b></tt>
+         <br>Choose to install onto <b>wd0</b>. Choose
+                 "<tt>a: Edit the MBR partition table</tt>"
+                 when presented with that option.
+         <br>Choose the 'a' partition/slice,
+                 set the 'e' ("active") and 'f' ("install") fields to <b>Yes</b>,
+                 and then choose "<tt>x: Partition table OK</tt>".
+         <br>Choose "<tt>b: Use existing partition sizes</tt>" in the next
+                 menu.
+         <br>Select partition 'a' and press ENTER. Set field 'k' (mount point)
+                 to '<tt><b>/</b></tt>'.
+         <br>Get out of the partitioner by selecting
+                 "<tt>x: Partition sizes ok</tt>" twice.
+         <br>At "<tt>Write outside MBR partition? [n]:</tt>", just press
+                 <b>ENTER</b>.
+         <br>Install from CD-ROM, device <b>wd1c</b>.
+ </ol>
+ <p>If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
+ Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>When asked which the root device is, type <tt><b>wd0</b></tt> and
+ just press ENTER to select the default values for dump device, file
+ system type, and init path.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdmacppcinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/macppc:</h3>
+ It is possible to install and run <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/">NetBSD/macppc</a> in GXemul on
+ an emulated generic PowerPC machine. No specific Machintosh model is
+ emulated, but it is enough to for NetBSD to recognize it.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20070318-netbsd-macppc.png"><img src="20070318-netbsd-macppc_small.png"></a>
+ <p>To install NetBSD/macppc onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
+ <p>
+ <ol start="1">
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that you will install NetBSD/macppc onto:<pre>
+     <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_macppc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/macppc 3.1 ISO image and a generic kernel:<pre>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/macppccd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/macppccd-3.1.iso</a>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/macppc/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/macppc/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
+     <b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img -d b:macppccd-3.1.iso -j macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+         and continue as you would do when installing NetBSD on a real
+         machine.
+   <p>
+   <li>Before turning the emulated machine off, quit the NetBSD installer
+         and execute the following commands:<pre>
+         <b>cd /; mount /dev/wd0a /mnt
+         echo 'console "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" vt100 on secure' > /mnt/etc/ttys
+         echo 'rc_configured=YES' >> /mnt/etc/rc.conf
+         umount /mnt; sync
+         reboot</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p>If everything worked, NetBSD/macppc should now be installed on
+ the disk image.
+ <p>Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>If asked about <tt>root device</tt>, enter <tt><b>wd0</b></tt>.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsddreamcast"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/dreamcast:</h3>
+ Moved <a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">here</a>.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="openbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/pmax:</h3>
+ Installing <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a> is
+ a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax. You should first read the <a
+ href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">section above</a> on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
  before continuing here. If you have never installed OpenBSD on any
- architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this.
+ architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this. If, on
- If, on the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then
+ the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then this should be no
- this should be no problem for you.
+ problem for you.
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-Line 549 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
+Line 1245 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=900000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=900000000</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Download the entire pmax directory from the ftp server: (approx. 99 MB)<pre>
-         $ <b>wget -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/</a></b>
+         <b>wget -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/</a></b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Execute the following commands:<pre>
+   <li>Execute the following commands:
-         $ <b>mv ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/simpleroot28.fs.gz .</b>
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
-         $ <b>gunzip simpleroot28.fs.gz</b>
+ <b>mv ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/simpleroot28.fs.gz .
-         $ <b>chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>               &lt;--- make sure
+ gunzip simpleroot28.fs.gz
+ chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>            &lt;--- make sure
- </pre>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
    <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
-         I recommend using <b>mkisofs</b> for that purpose. If you don't already
+         (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
-         have mkisofs installed on your system, you need to install that in
+         already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
-         order to do this.<pre>
+         to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
-         $ <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
+         <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
+         <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>      <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator with all three (!) disk images:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
  </pre>
-         (If you add -X, you will run with the graphical framebuffer. This is <i>REALLY</i> slow
+         (If you add <tt>-X</tt>, you will run with the graphical
-         because the console has to scroll a lot during the install. I don't recommend it.)
+         framebuffer. This is <i>REALLY</i> slow because the console has to
+         scroll a lot during the install. I don't recommend it.)
    <p>
    <li>Go on with the installation as you would do if you were installing on a real machine.
          If you are not used to the OpenBSD installer, then this will most likely
-Line 587 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
+Line 1285 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
            <li>When asked for the "<b>root device?</b>", enter <b>rz1</b>.
            <li>At "<b>Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh:</b>", press enter.
            <li>At the # prompt, do the following:<pre>
-         $ <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b>        (and mark the filesystem as clean)
+         <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b>        (and mark the filesystem as clean)
-         $ <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
+         <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
-         $ <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
+         <b>mkdir /kern</b>
-         $ <b>./install</b>
+         <b>mkdir /mnt2</b>
+         <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
+         <b>./install</b>
  </pre>
                  and proceed with the install. Good luck. :-)
-Line 601 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
+Line 1301 
 common sense and imagination to modify t
                  the directory containing the install sets.
          </ul>
    <p>
-   <li>
+   <li>For some unknown reason, the install script does not set the root
- For some unknown reason, the install script does not set the root
+         password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
- password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
+         need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
- need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
+         the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!<pre>
- the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
- <pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
  </pre>
  While you are at it, you might want to extract the X11 install sets
  as well, as the installer seems to ignore them too. (Perhaps due to a bug
  in the installer, perhaps because of the way I used mkisofs.)
  <p>
  Execute the following commands in the emulator:
- <pre>
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
-         # <b>fsck /dev/rz0a</b>
+ <b>fsck /dev/rz0a
-         # <b>mount /</b>
+ mount /
-         # <b>passwd root</b>
+ passwd root
-         # <b>cd /</b>
+ cd /; mount -t cd9660 /dev/rz2c /mnt; sh
-         # <b>mount -t cd9660 /dev/rz2c /mnt</b>
+ for a in /mnt/[xX]*; do tar zxvf $a; done
-         # <b>sh</b>
+ ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin/Xcfbpmax /usr/X11R6/bin/X
-         # <b>for a in /mnt/[xX]*; do tar zxvf $a; done</b>
+ ln -s /dev/fb0 /dev/mouse
-         # <b>ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin/Xcfbpmax /usr/X11R6/bin/X</b>
+ echo /usr/X11R6/lib &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf
-         # <b>ln -s /dev/fb0 /dev/mouse</b>
+ ldconfig
-         # <b>echo /usr/X11R6/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf</b>
-         # <b>ldconfig</b>
+ sync
+ halt</b>
-         # <b>sync</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
-         # <b>halt</b>
- </pre>
  </ol>
  <p>
-Line 643 
 root password, and so on.
+Line 1339 
 root password, and so on.
  Once you have completed the installation procedure, the following command
  will let you boot from the new rootdisk image:
  <pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -X -M64 -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
  </pre>
  <p>
- OpenBSD/pmax seems to work fine with dynamic binary translation (enabled
+ (Normally, you would be asked about which root device to use (<tt>rz0</tt>),
- by the <b>-b</b> command line option).
+ but using <b><tt>-o '-aN'</tt></b> supresses that.)
  <p>
- (Normally, you would be asked about which root device to use (rz0), but
- using -o '-aN' supresses that.)
- <p>
  When asked for which terminal type to use, when logging in as root,
- enter <b>rcons</b> if you are using the graphical framebuffer,
+ enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are using the graphical framebuffer,
- <b>vt100</b> for text-mode.
+ <b><tt>vt100</tt></b> for text-mode.
- <br>Use <b>startx</b> to start X windows.
+ <br>Use <b><tt>startx</tt></b> to start X windows.
- <p><br>
- <a name="openbsdarcinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing OpenBSD/arc in GXemul:</h3>
- It is possible to run OpenBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the
- emulator.
- <p>
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
- <p>
+ <p><br>
- (You should be aware of the fact that OpenBSD for the ARC platform died at
+ <a name="openbsdcatsinstall"></a>
- release 2.3, so this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD system.
+ <h3>OpenBSD/cats:</h3>
- See
- <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html</a>
- for more information.)
- <p>
+ It is possible to install and run
- To install OpenBSD/arc onto an emulated harddisk image, follow these
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">OpenBSD/cats</a>
- instructions:
+ in GXemul. Unfortunately, "The OpenBSD/cats port has been discontinued
+ after the 4.0 release." according to
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html</a>,
+ but 4.0 should run fine.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
+ <p>To install OpenBSD/cats onto an emulated harddisk image,
+ follow these instructions:
  <p>
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1900000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the entire arc directory from the ftp server: (approx. 75 MB)<pre>
+   <li>Download the entire cats directory from the ftp server:<pre>
-         $ <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/</a></b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/bsd .</b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/bsd.rd .</b>
  </pre>
+         (Replace ftp.se.openbsd.org with a server closer to you, for
+         increased download speed.)
+   <p>
    <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
-         I recommend using <b>mkisofs</b> for that purpose. If you don't already
+         (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
-         have mkisofs installed on your system, you need to install that in
+         already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
-         order to do this.<pre>
+         to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
-         $ <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>mkisofs -allow-lowercase -o openbsd_cats_4.0.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>      <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E arc -e pica -d obsd_arc.img -d openbsd_arc_2.3.iso \
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img -d openbsd_cats_4.0.iso bsd.rd</b>
-             ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd.rd.elf</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
-         on a real Acer PICA-61. (Answer 'no' when asked if you want to
+         on a real CATS. (Install onto <tt>wd0</tt>, don't configure the
-         configure networking, and then install from CD-ROM.)
+         network, install from CD.)
  </ol>
- <p>
+ <p>(Although it <i>is</i> possible to configure the network, IPv4 address
- Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
+.0.0.1, netmask 255.0.0.0, gateway/default route 10.0.0.254, and
- boot from the harddisk image:
+ nameserver 10.0.0.254, the userland NAT-like networking layer is not
- <p>
+ stable enough yet to support a full install via ftp.)
- <pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E arc -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>
+ <p><b>NOTE:</b> Make sure that you <tt>sync</tt> and <tt>reboot</tt>
+ correctly once the installation is finished, or the <tt>/dev</tt> nodes
- </pre>
+ may not have been written correctly to disk.
- <p>
- (The <b>-b</b> command line option enables dynamic binary translation,
- which isn't always 100% stable, so if things seem buggy you might want
- to try to remove that from the command line.)
+ <p>Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
+ boot from the harddisk image:
+ <p><pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img bsd</b>
- <!--
+ </pre>
- <p><br>
- <a name="openbsdsgiinstall"></a>
- <h3>Running OpenBSD/sgi in GXemul:</h3>
- <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
- can theoretically run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
- <p>
- <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded with this yet.</font>
- <p>
- <font color="#0000f0">
- [&nbsp;2005-02-09: There is no stable release yet of OpenBSD/sgi, but there
- are -current snapshots available on ftp sites.&nbsp;]</font>
- <p>
- GXemul does not yet emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2, so
- another emulated machine must be used as the nfs root server, and the
- emulated O2 machine must boot as a
- <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=diskless&manpath=OpenBSD+Current&format=html">diskless</a>
- client. Performing this setup is very time consuming, but necessary.
- <p>
- <ol>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2</a> or some other
-         similar OS inside the emulator. This will be the "nfs server" machine.
-   <p>
-   <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.<pre>
-         # <b>echo hostname=blahblah &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo ifconfig_le0="inet 10.0.0.2" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate</b>
-         # <b>mkdir /x; echo /x -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports</b>
-         # <b>echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
-         # <b>printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/x \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/x/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams</b>
-         # <b>echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts</b>
-         Reboot. Then download the OpenBSD/sgi distribution:
-         # <b>cd /x; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
-         ...
-         <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi</b>
-         <b>mget *</b>
-         # <b>sh</b>
-         # <b>for a in base* etc* misc*; do tar vzxfp $a; done</b>
-         # <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=16384</b>
- </pre>
-   <p>
-   <li>Create a configuration file along these lines:<pre>
-         <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
-         !
-         !  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
-         !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
-         !
-         !  Change the filenames to suit your setup.</font>
-         <b>emul(
-             net()
-             machine(
-                 name("client machine")
-                 type("sgi")
-                 subtype("ip32")
-                 bintrans(yes)
-                 load("openbsd-sgi-20050202-bsd")
-                 start_paused(yes)
-             )
-             machine(
-                 name("nfs server")
-                 type("dec")
-                 subtype("5000/200")
-                 bintrans(yes)
-                 disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
-             )
-         )</b>
- </pre>
-   <li>Boot the nfs server and the OpenBSD/sgi client machine like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul @myconf</b>
- </pre>
-         You might want to log in as root on the server machine, and
-         run <b>tcpdump -lnvv</b> or similar, to see that what the client
-         machine actually does on the network.
-         <p>
-         The OpenBSD box ("client machine") will be paused, so when you
-         are ready to unpause it, press CTRL-C in the main GXemul
-         window and use the <b>focus</b> and <b>pause</b> commands to
-         unpause the main CPU in that machine, and then <b>continue</b>
-         to resume execution.
-         <p>
-         When asked for "root device :", enter <b>mec0</b>.
- </ol>
- <p>
- TODO...
- -->
-Line 847 
 TODO...
+Line 1435 
 TODO...
  <p><br>
  <a name="ultrixinstall"></a>
- <h3>Installing Ultrix/RISC in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>Ultrix/RISC:</h3>
  Ultrix 4.x can run in GXemul on an emulated DECstation 5000/200.
+ (Ultrix was the native OS for these machines, but
+ <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a> is also usable.)
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.gif"></a>
+ <a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.png"></a>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a>
+ <a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.png"></a>
  <p>
  The following instructions should let you install Ultrix onto a disk image:
-Line 863 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1453 
 The following instructions should let yo
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that Ultrix installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=rootdisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=800000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=rootdisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=800000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Place your Ultrix installation media in your CDROM drive. (I'm assuming
+   <li>Place your Ultrix installation media in your CDROM drive.
-         it is called /dev/cd0c here, replace that with the name of your
+         (On FreeBSD and similar systems, it is called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>.
-         CDROM drive, or the name of a .iso image file.)
+         Replace that with the name of your CDROM drive, or the name of a
-         Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
+         .iso image file.) Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Once the first stage of the installation is done (restoring the root
          filesystem), you need to restart the emulator, booting from the
          new rootdisk, to continue the installation process.
-         This is done by removing the bootflag ('b') from the second
+         This is done by removing the bootflag ('<tt>b</tt>') from the second
          diskimage argument:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 886 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1476 
 The following instructions should let yo
  <p>
  When the installation is completed, the following command should start
  Ultrix from the harddisk image:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>If you have a very fast host machine, you might experience a weird
- Ultrix mostly seems to work with dynamic binary translation (enabled by
+ timer related bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is
- the <b>-b</b> command line option). If you have a very fast
+ triggered when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine
- host machine, and use bintrans, you might experience a weird timer related
+ was capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add
- bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is triggered
+ <b><tt>-I33000000</tt></b> to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million
- when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine was
+ instructions per emulated second.
- capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add <b>-I33000000</b>
- to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million instructions per emulated
+ <p>If the workaround above doesn't work, you can also start up other
- second. (When using -CR4400, -I16000000 should be used instead.)
+ processes on the host, apart from the emulator, so that the emulator runs
+ more slowly. This is an ugly workaround, but seems to work. Once you have
+ logged in into Ultrix, you can kill the extra processes.
+ <p>You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
+ dual-headed workstation) or even <b><tt>-Z3</tt></b> (tripple-headed), and
+ also the <b><tt>-Y2</tt></b> option for scaling down the framebuffer
+ windows by a factor 2x2.
+ There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> option for supplying names of X11
+ displays to use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated
+ tripple-headed workstation, on three different displays (<tt>remote1:0.0</tt>,
+ <tt>localhost:0.0</tt>, and <tt>remote2:0.0</tt>), using no scaledown:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -N -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
+             -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost:0.0 -z remote2:0.0</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
+ GXemul on an Alpha 21164PC, with displays on a Sun Ultra1 (to the left),
+ on the Alpha itself (in the middle), and on an HP700/RX X-terminal (8-bit
+ color depth, running off the Alpha) to the right.
- <p>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- You can experiment with adding <b>-Z2</b> (for emulating a
+ <a href="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead.jpg"><img src="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead_small.jpg"></a>
- dual-headed workstation) or even <b>-Z3</b> (tripple-headed), and also the
- <b>-Y2</b> option for scaling down the framebuffer windows by a factor 2x2.
- There is also a <b>-z</b> option for supplying names of X11 displays to
- use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated tripple-headed
- workstation, on three different displays (remote1:0.0, localhost:0.0, and
- remote2:0.0), using no scaledown:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -M64 -bN -E dec -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
-             -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost -z remote2:0.0</b>
- </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
- The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
  there is no way yet to set the scaledown factor on a per-window basis, so
  the scaledown factor affects all windows.
- <p>
+ <p>(If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
- (If you didn't use -Z<i>n</i> during the installation, and
+ compiled your own <tt>/vmunix</tt>, then it will not contain support for
- compiled your own /vmunix, then it will not contain support for multiple
+ multiple graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel,
- graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel, <b>-j
+ <tt><b>-j genvmunix</b></tt>, whenever you are running the emulator with a
- genvmunix</b>, whenever you are running the emulator with a different
+ different setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
- setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
- <p>
+ <p>A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
- A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
  to Ultrix, so that is possible to run as well.  If you are unsuccessful
  in installing Ultrix or OSF/1 directly in the emulator, you can always
  install it on your real machine onto a real SCSI disk, and then copy the
- contents of that SCSI disk into a file (using <b>dd(1)</b>), and use
+ contents of that SCSI disk into a file (using <b><tt>dd(1)</tt></b>), and use
  that file as a disk image file in the emulator.
-Line 938 
 that file as a disk image file in the em
+Line 1535 
 that file as a disk image file in the em
  <p><br>
  <a name="sprite"></a>
- <h3>Running Sprite for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>Sprite for DECstation:</h3>
  Sprite was a research operating system at the University of Berkeley.
  The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS, <a href="http://www.tuhs.org">www.tuhs.org</a>)
-Line 958 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1555 
 The following instructions should let yo
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Download the Sprite harddisk image using ftp or http:<pre>
+   <li>Download the Sprite harddisk image:<pre>
-         <a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/">http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite</a>/<a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ds5000.bt</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt</a>
-         or <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt</a>
          83973120 bytes, MD5 = ec84eeeb20fe77b758370d5e312e4a5e
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator with the following command line:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -M128 -d ds5000.bt -j vmsprite -o ''</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -M128 -d ds5000.bt -j vmsprite -o ''</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 977 
 values, then you should use the followin
+Line 1573 
 values, then you should use the followin
  <p>
  <pre>
-     Your machine's Ethernet address:    10:20:30:40:50:60
+     Your machine's Ethernet address:    10:20:30:00:00:10
      Your machine's IP:                  10.0.0.1
      Subnet mask:                        0xff000000
      Gateway's Ethernet address:         60:50:40:30:20:10
-Line 985 
 values, then you should use the followin
+Line 1581 
 values, then you should use the followin
  </pre>
  <p>
- Unfortunately, at the end of <a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt">
+ Unfortunately, at the end of <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt</a>,
- http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt</a>, the
+ the following sad statement can be found:
- following sad statement can be found:
  <pre>
      The bootable Sprite image is meant to be a demonstration of Sprite, not
      a robust Sprite system.  There are several missing things, such as
      floating point and network support.
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>Once you are logged in as root, running <b><tt>xinit</tt></b> will
- Once you are logged in as root, running <b>xinit</b> will start the X11
+ start the X11 environment.
- environment.
- <p>
- Sprite works fine with dynamic binary translation (enabled by
- adding <b>-b</b> to the command line options).
-Line 1008 
 adding <b>-b</b> to the command line opt
+Line 1599 
 adding <b>-b</b> to the command line opt
  <p><br>
  <a name="declinux"></a>
- <h3>Installing Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation:</h3>
- <font color="#ef0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
+ It is possible to run Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in the emulator,
- unstable. During my tests, even pressing the wrong key during the install
+ on an emulated 5000/200 ("3max"). However, just choosing any
- (for example the wrong cursor key) can cause a kernel Oops.
+ Linux/DECstation kernel at random for the installation will not work.
- I <i>think</i> this has to do with interrupts from the serial controller.
- Hopefully using the -U command line option will reduce the risk for such
+ <p><ul>
- crashes. (I haven't had time to come up with a clean solution to this yet;
+   <li>Linux 2.4/DECstation DZ serial console output doesn't work too well in
- it feels like a buffer overflow in Linux' serial driver for the 5000/200,
+         GXemul. Linux oopses randomly, which may be due to bugs in GXemul,
- but it is also likely that it is a bug in GXemul.)
+         but may also be due to bugs in the serial controller code in Linux.
- </font>
+         (The speed at which serial interrupts are generated can be
+         lowered with the <tt>-U</tt> command line option, but it only
+         reduces the risk, it doesn't take away the oopses completely.)
+   <li>The Linux 2.6/DECstation DZ serial console driver doesn't work at
+         all in the emulator, and I'm not really sure it would work on a
+         real 5000/200 either. Hopefully this will be fixed in Linux in
+         the future.
+   <li>To get around the serial console problem, the obvious solution is to
+         use a graphical framebuffer instead. Old Debian install kernels
+         supported the graphical framebuffer on the 3max, but not the
+         keyboard. (This has been fixed now, it seems.)
+   <li>For quite some time, the MIPS linux cvs tree has had support for the
+         framebuffer and keyboard, but it did not include Debian's
+         patches for networking, which made it unusable for network
+         installs. (Possibly fixed now.)
+   <li>The kernel has to be for 5000/200. This rules out using
+         the default kernel on netinst ISO images provided by Debian.
+         These ISO images boot directly into a kernel which is meant
+         for a different DECstation model.
+   <li>The kernel has to have an initrd which more or less matches the
+         version of Debian that will be installed.
+ </ul>
- <p>
+ <p>Luckily, a precompiled install kernel has been made available by David
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ Muse, for Debian for R3000 DECstations, which has support for framebuffer,
- <a href="20041212-debian_1.png"><img src="20041212-debian_1_small.gif"></a>
+ keyboard, and networking, which works pretty well. Thanks David. :-)
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20041212-debian_2.png"><img src="20041212-debian_2_small.gif"></a>
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20041213-debian_3.png"><img src="20041213-debian_3_small.gif"></a>
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a>
- <p>
+ <p>The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for
- The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation
+ DECstation onto a harddisk image in the emulator:
- onto a harddisk image:
  <p>
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=6000000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download an install kernel:<pre>
+   <li>Download David Muse' install kernel, and a Debian Netinstall CD-ROM:<pre>
-         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
+         <a href="http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31">http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31</a>
-             <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
+         <a href="http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/3.1_r0a/mipsel/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso">http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/3.1_r0a/mipsel/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso</a>
-         or
-         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/</a>
-             <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
  </pre>
-         depending on whether you want to install Debian "Testing" or
+         <font color="#ff0000">NOTE 2007-04-14: It seems that the ISO image
-         "Unstable".
+         has been removed from the cdimage site. You may need to search
+         for it elsewhere. :-/ Alternatively, you can follow
+         Michel Lespinasse's instructions at
+         <a href="http://people.zoy.org/~walken/gxemul-etch/HOWTO.html">http://people.zoy.org/~walken/gxemul-etch/HOWTO.html</a>.</font>
    <p>
-   <li>For a text-mode installation, start the emulator like this:<pre>
+   <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img -O boot.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -d debian_pmax.img -d debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
  </pre>
- </ol>
- <p>
+         <p>If everything goes well, you will see Linux' boot messages, and then
- Debian GNU/Linux on DECstation works reasonably fine with dynamic
+         arrive at the language chooser.
- binary translation, enabled by the <b>-b</b> command line option. (Without
- this option, the emulator might be less buggy, but also too slow to be
- useful when running Linux as a guest OS.)
  <p>
- (If you want to, you can try <b>-X</b> instead of <b>-o 'console=ttyS3'</b> on
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-1.png"><img src="debian-1-small.png"></a>
- the command line. This will cause Linux to use the graphical framebuffer.
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-2.png"><img src="debian-2-small.png"></a>
- Unfortunately, Linux does not seem to have a driver for the DZ11 keyboard
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-3.png"><img src="debian-3-small.png"></a>
- controller yet, so you cannot interact with the system. You will see the
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-4.png"><img src="debian-4-small.png"></a>
- penguin in the upper lefthand corner while booting, and nicely rendered Unicode
- characters, but that's about it.)
+         <p>There will be a warning about the keyboard
+         layout. Don't mind this. Continue, and then select <b>Detect
+         and mount CD-ROM</b> in the next menu.
  <p>
- You need to enter some values during the installation procedure, for example
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-5.png"><img src="debian-5-small.png"></a>
- network settings. The following should work:
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-6.png"><img src="debian-6-small.png"></a>
- <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-7.png"><img src="debian-7-small.png"></a>
- <pre>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-8.png"><img src="debian-8-small.png"></a>
-     DHCP:                       No, choose "Configure network manually"
-     IP address:                 10.0.0.1
+         <p>
-     Netmask:                    255.0.0.0
+         There will also be a warning about lack of loadable modules. Don't
-     Gateway:                    10.0.0.254
+         mind this either, continue anyway by choosing <b>Yes</b>.
-     Name server addresses:      10.0.0.254
+         <p>
+         When you reach the network configuration part of the install, choose
+         <b>Configure network manually</b> and enter the following values:<pre>
+         IP address:                 <b>10.0.0.1</b>
+         Netmask:                    <b>255.0.0.0</b>
+         Gateway:                    <b>10.0.0.254</b>
+         Name server addresses:      <b>10.0.0.254</b>
  </pre>
+         <p>Choose <b>Erase entire disk</b> in the partitioner.
+         <p>Wait for the base system to be installed. This takes almost forever,
+         so you can go fetch several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolt_Cola">Jolts</a>
+         or cups of coffee in the meanwhile.
  <p>
- <ol start="4">
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-9.png"><img src="debian-9-small.png"></a>
-   <li>Once the first phase of the install has finished, the following command
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-10.png"><img src="debian-10-small.png"></a>
-         should let you boot into Debian, and perform post-install
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-11.png"><img src="debian-11-small.png"></a>
-         configuration:<pre>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-12.png"><img src="debian-12-small.png"></a>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
+         <p>Congratulations! The first phase of the installation is now completed.
+         Reboot using the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
  </pre>
+         <p>The post-install step takes quite some time as well. A perfect opportunity
+         for more coffee.
+         <p>When asked about whether the hardware clock is set to GMT or
+         not, answer Yes.
+         <p>When asked about "Apt configuration", choose <b>http</b> as the method
+         to use for accessing the Debian archive.
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-13.png"><img src="debian-13-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-14.png"><img src="debian-14-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-15.png"><img src="debian-15-small.png"></a>
+         <p>Downloading the packages takes almost forever. Be patient.
+         <p>Congratulations (again)! You are now fully done with the installation.
  </ol>
+ <p><br>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation is now installed and ready to be used.
+ Use this command to boot from the installed disk image:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <hr>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="mach"></a>
+ <h3>Mach/PMAX:</h3>
+ Read the following link if you want to know more about Mach in general:
+ <a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">
+ http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html</a>
  <p>
- It seems that there's a problem with getting a login prompt on serial
+ <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Mach for DECstation requires some files
- console (at least when I've done test installs), so when the installation
+ (called 'startup' and 'emulator') which I haven't been able to find
- is finished and you're supposed to get a login prompt, you need to press
+ on the web. Without these, Mach will not get very far. These
- CTRL-C and type <b>quit</b>, and then:
+ installation instructions are preliminary.
+ </font>
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20041018-mach_pmax.png"><img src="20041018-mach_pmax_small.png"></a>
+ <p>
+ The following steps should let you experiment with running Mach
+ for DECstation in the emulator:
  <p>
- <ol start="5">
+ <ol>
-   <li>Download a normal kernel (<i>not</i> a RAMDISK kernel):<pre>
+   <li>Download the pmax binary distribution for Mach 3.0:<pre>
-         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
+         <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/</a>
-          <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
+             <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
+         7263343 bytes, md5 = f9d76c240a6e169921a1df99ad560cc0
  </pre>
-   <li>Boot Debian using the following command line:<pre>
+   <li>Extract the Mach kernel:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o \
+         <b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
-             'console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh' \
-             -d debian.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
  </pre>
-         You'll enter single-user mode. You need to add a line to
+   <li>Create an empty disk image:<pre>
-         /etc/inittab, to enable logins via serial console.<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=1 count=512 seek=400000000</b>
-         sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'T3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS3 9600 vt100' >> /etc/inittab</b>
-         sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'ttyS3' >> /etc/securetty</b>
+ </pre>
-         sh-2.05b# <b>sync; umount /</b>
+   <li>Load the contents of pmax.tar.Z onto the disk image. This is
+         complicated, and should be described in more detail some time.
+         For now, use your imagination. (For example using OpenBSD/pmax:
+         <i>disklabel -E rz1; newfs -O /dev/rz1a;
+         mount /dev/rz1a /mnt; cd /mnt; download pmax.tar.Z using ftp;
+         tar xzvf pmax.tar.Z; mv pmax_mach/* .; rmdir pmax_mach;
+         mkdir mach_servers;
+         cd mach_servers;
+         cp ../etc/mach_init .;
+         cp ../tests/test_service startup;
+         dd if=/dev/zero of=paging_file bs=65536 count=400;
+         cd /; sync; umount /mnt</i>)
+         <p>
+   <li>Start the emulator with the following command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -c 'put w 0x800990e0, 0' -c 'put w 0x80099144, 0' \
+             -c 'put w 0x8004aae8, 0' -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
+             pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
- <p>
+ <p>Earlier versions of GXemul had a configure option to enable better
- The system should now be ready for everyday use.
+ R3000 cache emulation, but since Mach was more or less the only thing that
+ used it, I removed it. Today's version of GXemul can thus not boot
+ mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY straight off, it has to be patched to skip the
+ cache detection.
- <p>
+ <p>The -c commands above patch the kernel to get past the cache detection.
- Use this command to boot from the completely installed disk image:<pre>
+ Thanks to Artur Bujdoso for these values.
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
- </pre>
+ <p>TODO: Better instructions on how to create the old-style UFS disk
+ image.
- <p>
- [&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-19:</font>&nbsp;
- Kaj-Michael Lang noticed that the current CVS-version of
- <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a> has
- support for keyboards now, on DECstation 5000/200, so it is
- possible to run Debian GNU/Linux with framebuffer/keyboard.
- (Add -X (or -XY2) and remove the console=ttyS3 option.)
- He has made a kernel available here:
- <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">
- http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
- It has other problems (ethernet doesn't seem to work, for
- example), but at least it doesn't Oops that often.&nbsp;]
-Line 1150 
 example), but at least it doesn't Oops t
+Line 1830 
 example), but at least it doesn't Oops t
  <p><br>
  <a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
- <h3>Running Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>Redhat Linux for DECstation:</h3>
- <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
- unstable. Read the note about '-U' in the section on how to install
- Debian.
- </font>
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-Line 1166 
 The following steps should let you run R
+Line 1842 
 The following steps should let you run R
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Download a kernel. This is a Debian kernel, but it works fine:<pre>
+   <li>Download a kernel. David Muse' Debian-install kernel works fine:<pre>
-         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
+         <a href="http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31">http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31</a>
-          <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
-          <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
          19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
  </pre>
-   <li>This is the tricky part: Create an ext2 filesystem image called redhat.img using
+   <li>Create a disk image which will contain the Redhat filesystem:<pre>
-         the filesystem tree you just downloaded. The disk image should have a MS-DOS
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=redhat_mips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
-         partition table (!), and then one or more ext2 partitions.
-         (Use loopback mount, or similar. This is probably easiest to do on a Linux host.)
+ </pre>
-         However, in order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
+   <li>This is the tricky part: on redhat_mips.img, you need to create an MS-DOS
+         (!) partition table, and then an ext2 partition. This is what Linux
+         will then see as /dev/sda1.
+         <p>I recommend you run fdisk and mke2fs and untar the archive from within
+         Debian/DECstation or <a href="#debiancats">Debian/CATS</a> running
+         inside the emulator. (Alternatively, if you are on a Linux host,
+         you could use a loopback mount, or similar. This might require
+         root access. See e.g.
+         <a href="http://www.mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/index.php/Disk%20Images%20Under%20Linux">http://www.mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/index.php/Disk%20Images%20Under%20Linux</a>.)
+         <p>
+         In order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
          Change<pre>
          /dev/root               /               nfs     defaults        1 1
          #/dev/sdc1              /               ext2    defaults        1 1
-Line 1195 
 The following steps should let you run R
+Line 1879 
 The following steps should let you run R
          none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0
  </pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
-   <p>
-   <li>To boot Linux, start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M128 -o \
-             "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
- </pre>
  </ol>
- <p>
+ <p>To boot Redhat linux from the disk image, use the following command line:<pre>
- If you need to boot into single user mode, try the following:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o "root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat_mips.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -o "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh" \
-             -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
  </pre>
+ If you need to boot into single user mode, change options to
+ <tt><b>-o "root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh"</b></tt>.
- <p>
- Redhat Linux on DECstation in R3000 mode should work fine with dynamic binary
- translation (enabled by the <b>-b</b> command line option).
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="openbsdsgiinstall"></a>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
+ can (almost) run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.
  <p>
- NOTE: You can add <b>-X</b> and remove <b>console=ttyS3</b> from the command
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- line, if you want to use a graphical framebuffer. Unfortunately, Linux
+ <a href="20050617-openbsd-sgi.png"><img src="20050617-openbsd-sgi_small.png"></a>
- doesn't have support for keyboards on DECstation 5000/200 yet, so you cannot
- actually interact with the sytem. :-(
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded all the way with
+ this yet, and this shows/triggers many bugs in the emulator, but some of
+ it works.</font>
+ <p>GXemul does not yet emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have
+ mailed Adaptec several times, asking for documentation, but never received
+ any reply.) OpenBSD/sgi can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't
+ use SCSI. For a simple test with the ramdisk (install) kernel, try dowloading<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd.rd">bsd.rd</a>
+ </pre>and run <b><tt>gxemul -xeo2 bsd.rd</tt></b>.
+ <p>It might also be possible to netboot. Another emulated machine must
+ then be used as the nfs root server, and the emulated O2 machine must boot
+ as a <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=diskless&amp;manpath=OpenBSD+Current&amp;format=html">diskless</a>
+ client. Performing this setup is quite time consuming, but necessary:
  <p>
- [&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-22:</font>&nbsp;
+ <ol>
- Read the 2005-01-19 update in the Debian section above, and then, if
+   <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
- you do not need ethernet support, try Kaj-Michael Lang's kernel compiled
+         This needs to have a 800 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
- from <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a>' CVS.
+         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.1 from CDROM</a>.
- <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">
+         (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
- http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
+   <p>
- It should work with framebuffer/keyboard.&nbsp;]
+   <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
+         Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+ </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
+         inside the emulator:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
+ echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate
+ echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports
+ echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams
+ echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" &gt; /etc/ethers
+ echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
+ reboot</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Start the DECstation emulation again, and enter the following
+         commands to download the OpenBSD/sgi distribution:<br>(NOTE: This
+         takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
+ (log in as anonymous...)
+ <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi
+ mget b*tgz c*tgz e* g* m*
+ quit
+ sh
+ for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
+ rm *.tgz
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32768
+ halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Download the OpenBSD/sgi GENERIC and RAMDISK kernels:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <font color="#2020cf">!  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
+ !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
+ !
+ !  This config file is for the client.</font>
+ <b>    net(
+         add_remote("localhost:12444")   </b>! the server<b>
+         local_port(12445)               </b>! the client<b>
+     )
+     machine(
+         name("client machine")
+         serial_nr(1)
+         type("sgi")
+         subtype("o2")
+         </b>! load("bsd")<b>
+         load("bsd.rd")
+     )
+ </b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+         ... and another configuration file for the server,
+         <tt>config_server</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>    net(
+         local_port(12444)               </b>! the server<b>
+         add_remote("localhost:12445")   </b>! the client<b>
+     )
+     machine(
+         name("nfs server")
+         serial_nr(2)
+         type("dec")
+         subtype("5000/200")
+         disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
+     )
+ </b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the OpenBSD/sgi
+         "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
+         in one xterm:
+         <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
+         and then, in another xterm:
+         <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>In the OpenBSD/sgi window, choose "<tt>s</tt>" (for Shell), and type:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254
+ mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt
+ cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt
+ halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+         You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
+         run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client
+         machine actually does on the network. The <tt>MAKEDEV</tt> script
+         takes almost forever, so be patient.
+ </ol>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Everything up to this point should work.
+ However, the next step (in gray) doesn't actually work:</font>
+ <p><font color="#888888">Once everything has been set up correctly, change
+ <tt>bsd.rd</tt> in <tt>config_client</tt> to just <tt>bsd</tt> (the GENERIC
+ kernel). It should now be possible to boot OpenBSD/sgi using the NetBSD/pmax
+ nfs server. (When asked for "<tt>root device :</tt>" on the OpenBSD machine,
+ enter <tt><b>mec0</b></tt>.)</font>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">But it doesn't work. Probably because GXemul's
+ implementation of the mec (ethernet card used in the O2) is too much of
+ a quick hack. For now, use the <tt>bsd.rd</tt> kernel, and (at every
+ boot) type:</font><pre>
+         <b>s</b>  (for Shell)
+         <b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254</b>
+         <b>mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt</b>
+         <b>cd /mnt; usr/sbin/chroot .</b>
+         <b>sh etc/rc</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">This will not cause OpenBSD to be booted
+ normally, but at least a few basic things will work.
+ By the way, the emulator performs so poorly, that you will have time to
+ fetch several cups of coffee for each of the steps above.</font>
-Line 1235 
 It should work with framebuffer/keyboard
+Line 2073 
 It should work with framebuffer/keyboard
  <p><br>
- <a name="mach"></a>
+ <a name="openbsdarcinstall"></a>
- <h3>Running Mach/PMAX in GXemul:</h3>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/arc:</h3>
- Read the following link if you want to know more about Mach in general:
+ It is (almost) possible to install and run OpenBSD/arc on an emulated Acer
- <a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">
+ PICA-61 in the emulator.
- http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html</a>
+ <p><font color="#e00000">Earlier, I had this guest OS listed as
+ officially working in the emulator, but for several reasons, it has
+ been moved down here to the "informative-but-not-really-working"
+ section.</font>
  <p>
- <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Mach for DECstation requires some files
+ <ul>
- (called 'startup' and 'emulator') which I haven't been able to find
+   <li>The last OpenBSD/arc release was 2.3. This means that it is very
- on the web. Without these, Mach will not get very far. These
+         old, it would not give a fair picture of what OpenBSD is (if you
- installation instructions are preliminary.
+         are just looking to find out what it is like), and it is not
- </font>
+         worth experimenting with it. See
+         <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html</a>
+         for more information.
+   <li>OpenBSD/arc was (if I understood things correctly) never really
+         stable, even on real hardare. Problems with too small an interrupt
+         stack. Bugs are triggered in the emulator that have to do with
+         issues such as this.
+ </ul>
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20041018-mach_pmax.png"><img src="20041018-mach_pmax_small.png"></a>
+ <a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
  <p>
- The following steps should let you experiment with running Mach
+ <font color="#e00000">Currently, I don't test for every release whether
- for DECstation in the emulator:
+ or not OpenBSD/arc can be installed. Releases prior to 0.3.7
+ (but probably <i>not</i> 0.3.7) should work. Anyway, here are the
+ old installation instructions:</font>
+ <p>To install OpenBSD/arc onto an emulated harddisk image, follow these
+ instructions:
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Compile gxemul with cache emulation: (<b>NOTE: --enable-caches</b>)<pre>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
-         $ <b>./configure --enable-caches; make</b>
+         that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the pmax binary distribution for Mach 3.0:<pre>
+   <li>Download the entire arc directory from the ftp server: (approx. 75 MB)<pre>
-         <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>
-         7263343 bytes, md5 = f9d76c240a6e169921a1df99ad560cc0
  </pre>
-   <li>Extract the Mach kernel:<pre>
-         $ <b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
+   <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
+         (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
+         already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
+         to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
+         <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Create an empty disk image:<pre>
+   <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=1 count=512 seek=400000000</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -X -d obsd_arc.img -d b:openbsd_arc_2.3.iso -j 2.3/arc/bsd.rd</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Load the contents of pmax.tar.Z onto the disk image. This is
+         and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
-         complicated, and should be described in more detail some time.
+         on a real Acer PICA-61. (Answer 'no' when asked if you want to
-         For now, use your imagination. (For example using OpenBSD/pmax:
+         configure networking, and then install from CD-ROM.)
-         <i>disklabel -E rz1; newfs -O /dev/rz1a;
+ </ol>
-         mount /dev/rz1a /mnt; cd /mnt; download pmax.tar.Z using ftp;
-         tar xzvf pmax.tar.Z; mv pmax_mach/* .; rmdir pmax_mach;
+ <p>
-         mkdir mach_servers;
+ Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
-         cd mach_servers;
+ boot from the harddisk image:
-         cp ../etc/mach_init .;
+ <p>
-         cp ../tests/test_service startup;
+ <pre>
-         dd if=/dev/zero of=paging_file bs=65536 count=400;
+         <b>gxemul -X -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>
-         cd /; sync; umount /mnt</i>)
+ </pre>
+ The system is very sensitive to (I think) kernel stack overflow, so it
+ crashes easily. If I remember correctly from mailing lists, this also
+ happened on real hardware.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="debiancats"></a>
+ <h3>Debian GNU/Linux for CATS:</h3>
+ Debian GNU/Linux for CATS (ARM) could <i>theoretically</i> run in GXemul,
+ however:
+ <ul>
+   <li>The DEC 21143 NIC is not emulated well enough for Linux to accept it.
+   <li>Development of Debian for CATS seems to have died? The latest
+         install kernel is quite old.
+ </ul>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
+ <p>The following installation instructions would theoretically work:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3300000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the tftpboot install kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/oldstable/main/disks-arm/current/cats/tftpboot.img">http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/oldstable/main/disks-arm/current/cats/tftpboot.img</a>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start the installation using the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d debian_cats.img tftpboot.img</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p>It doesn't work, though, because the NIC isn't working well enough.
+ <p>The only use of Debian/CATS in the emulator right now is as a way to
+ manipulate Linux disk images, if you are on a non-Linux host. By choosing
+ "Execute a shell" in the installer's menu, you can have access to tools such as
+ fdisk and mke2fs, which are useful for creating Linux paritions on disk images.
+ <!--
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="linux_malta"></a>
+ <h3>Linux/Malta:</h3>
+ <p>The Malta emulation mode is best suited for running <a
+ href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>, however, it is possible
+ to experiment with Linux/Malta as well.
+ <p>The general idea behind Linux/Malta seems to be that the end user
+ always compiles his/her own kernel, applies patches, downloads
+ userland separately, etc. For that reason, Linux/Malta support in the
+ emulator is not tested for every release (sometimes it works, sometimes it
+ doesn't work), and these instructions are kind of "fuzzy".
+ <p><ol start="1">
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that Linux/Malta will be installed onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=linux.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=5000000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download a MIPS root filesystem tree:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
+         19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
+ </pre>
+         This is an old Redhat tree from 2001, but it seems to almost work.
+   <p>
+   <li>Download one precompiled Malta kernel, with ramdisk,
+         and one without ramdisk (which will be used later on
+         when booting from disk):<pre>
+         TODO
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start the emulator with the ramdisk kernel, create a MS-DOS style
+         MBR on the disk, create the filesystem, and extract the
+         userland files:<pre>
+         <b>gunzip vmlinux_2.*
+         gunzip mipsel-root-20011216.tar
+         gxemul -xemalta -d linux.img -d mipsel-root-20011216.tar vmlinux_2.4.33.2-ide-pci-ramdisk.elf</b>
+         Inside GXemul: Log in as root and execute the following commands:
+         <b>fdisk /dev/hda</b>
+         (enter suitable commands, e.g. <b>n, p, 1, 1, 9921, w</b>)
+         <b>mkfs /dev/hda1
+         mount /dev/hda1 /mnt
+         cd /mnt; tar -xf /dev/hdb; cd ..
+         umount /mnt; sync; reboot</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p>It should now be possible to boot from the disk image, using the
+ following command:
+ <p><pre>
+ <b>     gxemul -xemalta -d linux.img -o "root=/dev/hda1 rw" vmlinux_2.6.18-rc4-ide-pci-novty.elf</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>There's a slight problem with this specific Redhat tree, so when you
+ see the message "Configuring kernel parameters:  [  OK  ]", press CTRL-C
+ once.
+ -->
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="linux_qemu_mips"></a>
+ <h3>Linux/QEMU_MIPS:</h3>
+ I've added a semi-bogus machine mode which tries to
+ mimic the MIPS machine mode used in Fabrice Bellard's
+ <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/">QEMU</a>.
+ <p>Download <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/mips-test-0.1.tar.gz">mips-test-0.1.tar.gz</a>
+ from <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/download.html">http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/download.html</a>,
+ and extract its contents (<tt>tar zxvf mips-test-0.1.tar.gz</tt>).
+ <p>Test it in GXemul using the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -E qemu_mips -o 'console=ttyS0 root=/dev/ram
+                 rd_start=0x80800000 rd_size=10000000 init=/bin/sh'
+x80800000:mips-test/initrd mips-test/vmlinux-r1</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="windows_nt_mips"></a>
+ <h3>Windows NT/MIPS:</h3>
+ Old versions of Windows NT could run on MIPS hardware, e.g.
+ the PICA 61. It is theoretically possible that the emulation provided by
+ GXemul some day could be stable/complete enough to emulate
+ such hardware well enough to fool Windows NT into thinking
+ that it is running on a real machine.
+ <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
+ <p>Installation steps similar to these would be required to install
+ Windows NT onto a disk image:
+ <ol>
+         <li>Put a "Windows NT 4.0 for MIPS" CDROM (or similar) into
+                 your CDROM drive. (On FreeBSD systems, it is
+                 usually called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt> or similar. Change
+                 that to whatever the CDROM is called on your system,
+                 or the name of a raw .iso image. I have tried this
+                 with the Swedish version, but it might work with
+                 other versions too.)
          <p>
-   <li>Start the emulator with the following command:<pre>
+         <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
-         $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
+                 that you will install Windows NT onto:<pre>
-             pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
+         $ <b><tt>dd if=/dev/zero of=winnt_test.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</tt></b>
  </pre>
+         <li>Run the ARC installer, to partition the disk image:<pre>
+         $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\ARCINST</tt></b>
+ </pre>
+         Note that <tt>ARCINST</tt> <i>almost</i> works, but not quite.
+         <p>
+         <li>Run the SETUP program:<pre>
+         $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\SETUPLDR</tt></b>
+ </pre>
  </ol>
+ <p><tt>SETUPLDR</tt> manages to load some drivers from the cdrom,
+ but then it crashes because of incomplete emulation of some hardware devices.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdbeboxinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/bebox:</h3>
+ There is an old snapshot of
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/bebox/">NetBSD/bebox</a>
+ from 1998-11-19 available at NetBSD's ftp server. NetBSD/bebox
+ could theoretically run in GXemul.
+ <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK RIGHT NOW!</font>
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/bebox onto a
+ disk image, using a NetBSD/prep kernel temporarily during the install:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/prep 2.1 install ramdisk kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_bebox.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/bebox snapshot, and create a suitable .iso
+         image of the files:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/</a>
+ mv ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/kern.tgz .
+ tar zxvf kern.tgz
+ rm -f kern.tgz
+ mkisofs -o netbsd-bebox-19981119.iso ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <p>
+   <li>Now let's extract the files onto the Bebox disk image. Start NetBSD/prep
+         with the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e ibm6050 -d d:netbsd-bebox-19981119.iso -d nbsd_bebox.img netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>Choose (S) for Shell, and execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>disklabel -I -i wd1
+ a
+.2BSD
+c
+M
+ b
+ swap
+ a
+M
+ W
+ y
+ Q
+ newfs /dev/wd1a
+ mount_cd9660 /dev/wd0c /mnt
+ mount /dev/wd1a /mnt2
+ cd mnt2
+ for a in /mnt/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" &gt; fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" &gt;&gt; fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
+ sync; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/bebox using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -E bebox -d nbsd_bebox.img netbsd</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>When asked for the root device, enter <b><tt>wd0a</tt></b>.
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET</font>, there are
+ errors while uncompressing the tgz files, and the machine crashes when
+ trying to run /sbin/init.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdlandiskinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/landisk:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/landisk/">NetBSD/landisk</a> can
+ run in GXemul.
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is still too
+ unstable to be considered really working!</font>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20070224-netbsd-landisk.png"><img src="20070224-netbsd-landisk_small.png"></a>
+ <p>At the time of writing this, there are not yet any formal releases
+ of NetBSD/landisk, only daily snapshot builds.
+ <p>The NetBSD/landisk distribution does not include any INSTALL kernel,
+ so it must be installed using another (emulated) machine.
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/landisk onto a disk
+ image, using an emulated CATS machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/cats install kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD/landisk onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_landisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Download the latest netbsd-4 (pre-release) snapshot, and make an iso image
+         of it: (replace 200704110002Z with whatever is the latest one)<pre>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-4/200704110002Z/landisk
+         mkisofs -U -o landisk.iso ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-4/*</b>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated CATS machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_landisk.img -d landisk.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Exit the installer, then execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>disklabel -i -I wd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
+     '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
+ <b>newfs /dev/wd0a
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/wd0a /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" >> fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/landisk using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d nbsd_landisk.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="openbsdlandiskinstall"></a>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
+ It is possible to install and run
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/landisk.html">OpenBSD/landisk</a>
+ in GXemul. There is at the time of writing this no stable release
+ yet of OpenBSD/landisk, but there are snapshots available on the
+ OpenBSD ftp site.
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is still too
+ unstable to be considered really working!</font>
+ <p>To install OpenBSD/landisk onto an emulated harddisk image,
+ follow these instructions:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_landisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the entire landisk directory from the ftp server:<pre>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/landisk/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/landisk/</a></b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/landisk/bsd .</b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/landisk/bsd.rd .</b>
+ </pre>
+         (Replace ftp.se.openbsd.org with a server closer to you, for
+         increased download speed.)
+   <p>
+   <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
+         (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
+         already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
+         to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
+         <b>mkisofs -allow-lowercase -o openbsd_landisk_snapshot.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>      <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -Elandisk -d obsd_landisk.img -d d:openbsd_landisk_snapshot.iso bsd.rd</b>
+ </pre>
+         and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
+         on a real landisk. The following hints are useful to get you
+         through the installation:
+         <ul>
+           <li>Terminal type = <b>xterm</b>
+           <li>root disk = <b>wd0</b> (the disk to install onto)
+           <li>Use the entire disk for OpenBSD = <b>yes</b>
+           <li>Create one big root partition (a) and a small swap partition (b). c is the entire disk.
+           <li>Do <b>not</b> configure the network.
+           <li>Location of sets = <b>disk</b>
+           <li>Is the disk partition already mounted = <b>no</b>
+           <li>Disk containing the install media = <b>wd1</b>
+           <li>Pathname to the sets = <b>snapshot/landisk</b>
+         </ul>
+ </ol>
+ <p>Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
+ boot from the disk image:
+ <p><pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d obsd_landisk.img bsd</b>
+ </pre>

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