/[gxemul]/trunk/doc/guestoses.html

This is repository of my old source code which isn't updated any more. Go to git.rot13.org for current projects!

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-revision 22 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:19:37 2007 UTC
+revision 38 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:21:53 2007 UTC
 Line 10
  <!--
- $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.124 2006/02/18 21:03:10 debug Exp $
+ $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.212 2007/04/14 05:38:00 debug Exp $
- Copyright (C) 2003-2006  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
+ Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 Line 48 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
  <p>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#generalnotes">General notes on running "guest OSes"</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax 3.1 or 1.6.2</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc 1.6.2</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdalgorinstall">NetBSD/algor 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">NetBSD/cats</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgimips 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdevbarminstall">NetBSD/evbarm</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">NetBSD/cats 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdprepinstall">NetBSD/prep</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdevbarminstall">NetBSD/evbarm 2.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdpmaxinstall">OpenBSD/pmax</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdnetwinderinstall">NetBSD/netwinder 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdcatsinstall">OpenBSD/cats</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdprepinstall">NetBSD/prep 2.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Ultrix/RISC</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdmacppcinstall">NetBSD/macppc 3.1</a>
+   <li><a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">NetBSD/dreamcast 3.1</a>
+   <li><a href="dreamcast.html#linux_live_cd">Linux/dreamcast</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdpmaxinstall">OpenBSD/pmax 2.8-BETA</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdcatsinstall">OpenBSD/cats 4.0</a>
+   <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Ultrix/RISC 4.5</a>
    <li><a href="#sprite">Sprite for DECstation</a>
    <li><a href="#declinux">Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation</a>
-   <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Redhat Linux for DECstation</a>
- </ul>
- <p>In addition to the "working" guest operating systems listed above,
- you might find the following information interesting:
- <ul>
-   <li><a href="#mach">Mach/PMAX</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">OpenBSD/arc</a>
-   <li><a href="#debiancats">Debian GNU/Linux for CATS</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdnetwinderinstall">NetBSD/netwinder</a>
  </ul>
-Line 85 
 you might find the following information
+Line 79 
 you might find the following information
  <h3>General notes on running "guest OSes":</h3>
  The emulator works well enough to run complete operating systems. These
- are often refered to as "guest" operating systems.
+ are often refered to as <i>guest</i> operating systems, in contrast to the
+ <i>host</i> operating system which the emulator is running under.
- <p>
+ <p>Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
- Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
+ harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
- harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
+ using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
- using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
+ may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
- may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
  system, the harddisk image looks and acts like a real disk.
+ <p>The version numbers of the various operating systems were the latest
+ versions that worked satisfactory with GXemul at the time this page was
+ updated; if new versions have been released since then, they might work as
+ well.
+ <p>In addition to the "working" guest operating systems listed above,
+ you might find the following information interesting:
+ <ul>
+   <li><a href="#mach">Mach/PMAX</a>
+   <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Redhat Linux for DECstation</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">OpenBSD/arc 2.3</a>
+   <li><a href="#debiancats">Debian GNU/Linux for CATS</a>
+   <!-- <li><a href="#linux_malta">Linux/Malta</a> -->
+   <li><a href="#linux_qemu_mips">Linux/QEMU_MIPS</a>
+   <li><a href="#windows_nt_mips">Windows NT/MIPS</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdbeboxinstall">NetBSD/bebox 19981119</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdlandiskinstall">NetBSD/landisk</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdlandiskinstall">OpenBSD/landisk</a>
+ </ul>
+ <p><b><font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</b>
+ Some of these sections may not be relevant to this
+ specific release of GXemul,</font> for example some of these
+ modes may be legacy modes that worked before but not any longer,
+ or are not yet working but could be in the future.
+ <p>Some operating systems are listed with a version number <i>less</i>
+ than what was available at the time of this GXemul release (e.g.
+ NetBSD/prep). The reasons for this is because of incompleteness in
+ GXemul's machine, device, and/or processor implementations.
-Line 105 
 system, the harddisk image looks and act
+Line 131 
 system, the harddisk image looks and act
  <a name="netbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
  <h3>NetBSD/pmax:</h3>
- <p>
+ <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a> was the
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ first guest OS that could be
+ <a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-pmax/2004/04/18/0000.html">installed</a>
+ onto a disk image in GXemul. The device emulation of the DECstation
+/200 is reasonably complete; it should be enough to emulate a
+ networked X-windows-capable workstation.
+ <p>NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2 works perfectly with X out-of-the-box. Unfortunately,
+ newer NetBSD releases have changed slightly, and X does not work straight
+ away with NetBSD 2.x and 3.x. It seems that this has to do with NetBSD
+ switching console system to "WSCONS" somewhere between 1.6.2 and 2.0.
+ <p>What this means is that if you want to use emulated X11, then you need
+ to run NetBSD 1.6.2. At the time of writing this, 4.0_BETA snapshots work
+ fine too, but 4.0 isn't released yet. If you feel that you only need
+ serial-console emulation, then choose 3.1.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
- <p>To install <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>
+ <p>To install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image in the emulator,
- onto a harddisk image in the emulator, follow these instructions:
+ follow these instructions:
  <p><ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=1900000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 130 
 steps:
+Line 172 
 steps:
  <ol start="2">
    <li>Download a NetBSD CD-ROM iso image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
          or
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/pmaxcd-3.0.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/pmaxcd-3.0.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmaxcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmaxcd-3.1.iso</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd-3.0.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd-3.1.iso</b>
          (or <b>pmaxcd.iso</b>)
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
-Line 149 
 For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 a
+Line 191 
 For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 a
  <ol start="2">
    <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
          or
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
          DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
-Line 185 
 NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
+Line 227 
 NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
          <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>
- <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</font> For some reason, NetBSD 2.x and 3.x
+ <p>If you installed NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2, or 4.0_BETA, then try the
- do not work with X out-of-the-box on pmax. It seems that this has to do
+ following to start with a framebuffer:<pre>
- with NetBSD switching console system to "WSCONS" somewhere between 1.6.2
- and 2.0. For now, if you want X, then try NetBSD 1.6.2.
- <p>With NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2, try the following to start with a framebuffer:<pre>
          <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>
  and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt>startx</tt> to start X windows.
-Line 206 
 and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt
+Line 244 
 and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt
  <a name="netbsdarcinstall"></a>
  <h3>NetBSD/arc:</h3>
- It is possible to install and run <a
+ It is possible to install and run an old version of <a
  href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
  on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
-Line 215 
 on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emula
+Line 253 
 on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emula
  <a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
  <p>
- To install NetBSD/arc from a CDROM image onto an emulated harddisk image,
+ To install NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 from a CDROM image onto an emulated
- follow these instructions:
+ harddisk image, follow these instructions:
  <p>
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Download a NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 CDROM image, and a generic NetBSD/arc
          kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img -d bc:arccd.iso \
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img -d bc:arccd.iso -j arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</b>
-           -j arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</b>
  </pre>
          (Try removing <tt>-x</tt> if you have problems with the xterm.)
      <p>
    <li>From now on, you have to use your imagination, as there is no
-         automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc. Here are some tips
+         automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc 1.6.2. Here are
-         and hints on how you can proceed with the install:
+         some tips and hints on how you can proceed with the install:
  <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
  <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2
  disklabel -i -I sd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
-Line 254 
 cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;
+Line 291 
 cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;
  cat > /mnt/etc/fstab
  /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
  /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
- </b>(press ctrl-d)<b>
+ </b>(press ctrl-d)
  <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
  halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
-Line 280 
 image, using the following command:<pre>
+Line 317 
 image, using the following command:<pre>
  It is possible to install <a
  href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a> onto a disk
- image, on an an emulated MobilePro 770, 780, 800, or 880. The emulator
+ image, on an an emulated MobilePro 770 or 800. (MobilePro 780 and 880 might
- treats the different machine models as being almost identical; the most
+ work too, but I don't test those for every release of the emulator. They
- important difference is regarding the framebuffer.
+ have unaligned framebuffers, and run a bit slower.)
- <p><table border="0">
-         <tr>
-                 <td width="80">&nbsp;</td>
-                 <td><u>Model:</u></td>
-                 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-                 <td><u>Framebuffer size/depth:</u></td>
-                 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-                 <td><u>Framebuffer address:</u></td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 770 (<super>*2</super>)</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa000000</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 780</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa180100 (<super>*</super>)</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 800</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa000000</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 880</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa0ea600 (<super>*</super>)</td>
-         </tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- (<super>*</super>) = not aligned at a 4 KB boundary, so it will not work
- efficiently with the current bintrans system. Using this mode will still
- work, but each load and store will be emulated much more slowly than is
- possible with an aligned framebuffer.
- <p>
- (<super>*2</super>) = The MobilePro 770's cursor keys work differently
- than the other models, for some reason. (This is a known bug.)
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-Line 351 
 NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro
+Line 335 
 NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that you will install NetBSD/hpcmips onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1990000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the NetBSD/hpcmips 3.0 ISO image, and a generic kernel:<pre>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/hpcmips 3.1 ISO image, and a generic kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/hpcmipscd-3.0.iso">hpcmipscd-3.0.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/hpcmipscd-3.1.iso">hpcmipscd-3.1.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -A -d nbsd_hpcmips.img  \
+         <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img -d b:hpcmipscd-3.1.iso -j hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</b>
-           -d b:hpcmipscd-3.0.iso -j hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
-Line 378 
 Use the following command line to boot t
+Line 360 
 Use the following command line to boot t
  </pre>
- <p>If you change your mind at this point regarding which machine type to
- emulate, you might for example prefer a MobilePro 800, then you can change
- that at any time. NetBSD/hpcmips is designed to be able to boot on many
- types, without any need to change the kernel.
  <p>When you have logged in as <tt>root</tt>, you can use <tt>startx</tt> to
  start X Windows, but there is no mouse support yet so only keyboard input
  is available. This makes it a bit akward to use X.
-Line 400 
 is available. This makes it a bit akward
+Line 377 
 is available. This makes it a bit akward
  <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
  to install, because the Cobalt machines were designed for Linux, and not
- very flexible. There is no INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt. One way to
+ very flexible. There is no traditional INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt.
- install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to do it from
+ One way to install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to
- another (emulated) machine.
+ do it from another (emulated) machine.
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a>
+ <a href="20060812-netbsd-cobalt-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060812-netbsd-cobalt-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
  <p>
  The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/cobalt onto a disk
-Line 414 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
+Line 391 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
  <p>
  <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
          that you will install NetBSD/cobalt onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1999000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
+   <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/cobaltcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/cobaltcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/cobaltcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/cobaltcd-3.1.iso</a>
  </pre>
-   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
-   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 according to instructions
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_cobalt.img -d cobaltcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
-         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">further up on this page</a>.
-   <p>
-   <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d cobaltcd.iso -d nbsd_cobalt.img</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Log in as root (on the emulated 3MAX machine), and execute the
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
-         following commands: (adjust according to taste)
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
  <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
  mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
- mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
  cd /mnt2; sh
- for a in /mnt/cobalt/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  exit
  cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
- echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
  echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
  cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
-Line 450 
 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b
+Line 427 
 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b
  <p>
  You should now be able to boot NetBSD/cobalt like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -M128 -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+         <b>gxemul -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
  </pre>
  Note that the installation instructions above create a filesystem
-Line 473 
 generic kernel:<pre>
+Line 450 
 generic kernel:<pre>
  <a name="netbsdevbmipsinstall"></a>
  <h3>NetBSD/evbmips:</h3>
  <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a> can run
- in GXemul on an emulated Malta evaluation board (with a 5Kc or 4Kc CPU).
+ in GXemul on an emulated Malta evaluation board, with a 5Kc (MIPS64) or
+Kc (MIPS32) processor. 5Kc is the default.
- <p>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
- <a href="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta.png"><img src="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta_small.png"></a>
- <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
+ <p>One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
- kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
  image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
  <p>
-Line 490 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
+Line 466 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 according to instructions
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">further up on this page</a>.
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
          that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the generic kernel and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
+   <li>Download the Malta kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbmips-mipselcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbmips-mipselcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/evbmips-mipselcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/evbmips-mipselcd-3.1.iso</a>
  </pre>
    <p>
-   <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d nbsd_malta.img -d evbmips-mipselcd.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_malta.img -d evbmips-mipselcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
- </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
  <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
  mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
- mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
  cd /mnt2; sh
- for a in /mnt/evbmips-mipsel/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcemt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  exit
  cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
  echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
-Line 528 
 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b
+Line 507 
 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b
  <p>NOTE: To select a 4Kc (MIPS32) CPU instead of the default 5Kc
  (MIPS64) CPU, add <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> to the command line. With NetBSD
 .1, however, there will be little or no difference in functionality, as
  NetBSD still runs in 32-bit mode on 64-bit MIPS CPUs. There are two things
  that differ:<ol>
-   <li>GXemul's binary translation subsystem might run a bit faster
+   <li>The dynamic translation core runs faster when emulating 32-bit
-         in 32-bit mode (because there are some optimizations that don't
+         processors, so <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> might make things go faster.
-         work with 64-bit emulation)
    <li>4Kc only has 16 TLB entries, whereas 5Kc has 48. This makes 4Kc
-         slower.
+         emulation slower in general, because there are more TLB misses.
  </ol>
  <p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
-Line 543 
 that differ:<ol>
+Line 521 
 that differ:<ol>
  swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
  generic kernel:<pre>
          root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
-         dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b):             <i>(just press enter)</i>
-         file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
+         file system (default generic):          <i>(just press enter)</i>
-         init path (default /sbin/init):     <i>(just press enter here)</i>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):         <i>(just press enter)</i>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdalgorinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/algor:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/algor/">NetBSD/algor</a> can
+ run in GXemul on an emulated Algorithmics P5064 evaluation board.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060814-netbsd-algor-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060814-netbsd-algor-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
+ <p>One way to install the NetBSD/algor distribution onto a disk
+ image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/algor onto a disk
+ image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD/algor onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_algor.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the P5064 Algor kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/algor/binary/kernel/netbsd-P5064.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/algor/binary/kernel/netbsd-P5064.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/algorcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/algorcd-3.1.iso</a>
  </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_algor.img -d algorcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/algor using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e p5064 -d nbsd_algor.img netbsd-P5064.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
+ <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
+ swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
+ generic kernel:<pre>
+         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b):             <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         file system (default generic):          <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):         <i>(just press enter)</i>
+ </pre>
-Line 560 
 generic kernel:<pre>
+Line 623 
 generic kernel:<pre>
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot.png"><img src="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot_small.png"></a>
+ <a href="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0.png"><img src="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0_small.png"></a>
  <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a> can run
  in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32). However, GXemul does not yet
-Line 568 
 emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in t
+Line 631 
 emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in t
  several times, asking for documentation, but never received any reply.)
  NetBSD can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't use SCSI.
- <p>For a simple test with the 2.1 ramdisk (install) kernel, try
+ <p>For a simple test with the ramdisk/install kernel, try
  dowloading<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
- </pre>and run&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><tt>gxemul -e o2 netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt></b>.
+ </pre>and run&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><tt>gxemul -x -e o2 netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt></b>.
  <p>It is possible to set up an environment for netbooting the emulated SGI
  machine off of another emulated machine. Performing this setup is quite
-Line 582 
 time consuming, but necessary:
+Line 645 
 time consuming, but necessary:
  <ol>
    <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
          This needs to have a 750 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
-         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 from CDROM</a>.
+         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.1 from CDROM</a>.
          (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
    <p>
    <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
          Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
          inside the emulator:
- <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
  <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
  echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
  echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
-Line 615 
 client:\
+Line 678 
 client:\
  echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
  reboot</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
-   <li>Start the DECstation emulation again, and download the
+   <p>
-         NetBSD/sgimips distribution sets:<br>(NOTE: This
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/sgimips CD-ROM iso image, and the
-         takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
+         GENERIC and INSTALL kernels:<pre>
- <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/sgimipscd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/sgimipscd-3.1.iso</a>
- <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.uk.netbsd.org</b>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</a>
- (log in as anonymous...)
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
- <b>cd /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/sgimips/binary/sets
- mget base.tgz comp.tgz etc.tgz games.tgz man.tgz misc.tgz text.tgz
+ </pre>
- quit
+   <li>Start the DECstation emulation again:<pre>
- sh
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d sgimipscd-3.1.iso</b>
- for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; rm -f $a; done
+ </pre>and extract the files from the sgimips CD-ROM image to the
+         DECstation disk image:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>cd /tftpboot; mount /dev/cd0a /mnt
+ for a in /mnt/sgimips/binary/sets/[bcegmt]*; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
  echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
- dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32768
+ echo 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/mygate
- halt</b>
+ echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/resolv.conf
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=65536
+ cd /; umount /mnt; halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
-   <li>Download the NetBSD/sgimips GENERIC and INSTALL kernels:<pre>
+   <p>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
- </pre>
    <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
+ <font color="#2020cf">!  Configuration file for running NetBSD/sgimips diskless with
- !
- !  Configuration file for running NetBSD/sgimips diskless with
  !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.</font>
- <b>emul(
+ <b>    net(
-     net(
          add_remote("localhost:12444")   </b>! the server<b>
          local_port(12445)               </b>! the client<b>
      )
-Line 659 
 halt</b>
+Line 723 
 halt</b>
          load("netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz")</b>
          ! load("netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz")<b>
      )
- )</b>
+ </b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
          ... and another configuration file for the server,
          <tt>config_server</tt>:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul</font>
+ <b>    net(
- <b>emul(
-     net(
          local_port(12444)               </b>! the server<b>
          add_remote("localhost:12445")   </b>! the client<b>
      )
-Line 680 
 halt</b>
+Line 742 
 halt</b>
          disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
      )
- )</b>
+ </b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
    <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the NetBSD/sgimips
          "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
-Line 758 
 To install NetBSD/cats onto a disk image
+Line 820 
 To install NetBSD/cats onto a disk image
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that you will install NetBSD/cats onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the NetBSD/cats 3.0 ISO image and the generic and install kernels:<pre>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/cats 3.1 ISO image and the generic and install kernels:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/catscd-3.0.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.0/catscd-3.0.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/catscd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/catscd-3.1.iso</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d catscd-3.0.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d catscd-3.1.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
-Line 777 
 To install NetBSD/cats onto a disk image
+Line 839 
 To install NetBSD/cats onto a disk image
  </ol>
  <p>Alternatively, to install from FTP, you can skip downloading the ISO,
- and start the install without <tt>-d catscd-3.0.iso</tt>. Suitable network
+ and start the install without <tt>-d catscd-3.1.iso</tt>. Suitable network
  settings are IP 10.0.0.1, gateway/default route 10.0.0.254, netmask
 .0.0.0, nameserver 10.0.0.254.
-Line 812 
 image, from an emulated CATS machine:
+Line 874 
 image, from an emulated CATS machine:
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Install NetBSD/cats 3.0 according to instructions
+   <li>Install NetBSD/cats 3.1 according to instructions
          <a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">further up on this page</a>.
    <p>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
-Line 826 
 image, from an emulated CATS machine:
+Line 888 
 image, from an emulated CATS machine:
  </pre>
    <p>
-   <li>The first step is to copy the .tgz files we want onto the CATS
+   <li>The first step is to copy the distribution .tgz files onto the CATS
          machine's harddisk. Start the CATS machine like this:<pre>
          <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d evbarmcd.iso netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</b>
-Line 865 
 cd /; umount /mnt; sync; halt</b>
+Line 927 
 cd /; umount /mnt; sync; halt</b>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdnetwinderinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/netwinder:</h3>
+ It is possible to run <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/netwinder/">NetBSD/netwinder</a>
+ in GXemul.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-1.png"><img src="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-1_small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-2.png"><img src="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-2_small.png"></a>
+ <p>There is no INSTALL ramdisk kernel, so one way to install the
+ NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk image is to install the files
+ using another (emulated) machine. The following instructions will let you
+ install the NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk image, from an
+ emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_netwinder.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the generic kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/netwindercd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/netwindercd-3.1.iso</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_netwinder.img -d netwindercd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>NetBSD/netwinder is now installed on the disk image. The following command
+ line can be used to start NetBSD/netwinder:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -E netwinder -d nbsd_netwinder.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>This will result in a 1024x768 framebuffer. Add <tt>-Y2</tt> to the
+ command line if you want to scale it down to 512x384.
+ <p>Note: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
+ <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
+ swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
+ generic kernel:<pre>
+         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b): <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         file system (default generic):    <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):   <i>(just press enter)</i>
+ </pre>
+ <p>Known bugs/problems:
+ <ul>
+         <li>There is a long delay when starting up NetBSD/netwinder
+                 (several seconds even on a very fast host machine),
+                 so you need to be patient.
+         <li>There is a minor bug in the keyboard device, so you need to
+                 press a key (any key) before typing wd0c.
+         <li>When halting/rebooting NetBSD/netwinder, the emulator
+                 prints a message saying something about an internal
+                 error. This doesn't matter; ignore the message.
+ </ul>
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdprepinstall"></a>
  <h3>NetBSD/prep:</h3>
- It is possible to install and run
+ It is possible to install and run <a
- <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a> in GXemul
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a> 2.1 in GXemul on
- on an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machine.
+ an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machine. (Newer versions of NetBSD/prep use
+ the wdc controller in a way which isn't implemented in GXemul yet, or
+ there are bugs in GXemul's PowerPC CPU emulation.)
  <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="20051123-netbsd-prep.png"><img src="20051123-netbsd-prep_small.png"></a>
-Line 892 
 on an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machin
+Line 1056 
 on an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machin
  </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-     <b>gxemul -x -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img -d rdb:prepcd.iso -j prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+     <b>gxemul -X -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img -d rdb:prepcd.iso -j prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
  </pre>
    <p>
-Line 945 
 on an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machin
+Line 1109 
 on an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machin
  <p>If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
  Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -x -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
  </pre>
-Line 958 
 system type, and init path.
+Line 1122 
 system type, and init path.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdmacppcinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/macppc:</h3>
+ It is possible to install and run <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/">NetBSD/macppc</a> in GXemul on
+ an emulated generic PowerPC machine. No specific Machintosh model is
+ emulated, but it is enough to for NetBSD to recognize it.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20070318-netbsd-macppc.png"><img src="20070318-netbsd-macppc_small.png"></a>
+ <p>To install NetBSD/macppc onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
+ <p>
+ <ol start="1">
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that you will install NetBSD/macppc onto:<pre>
+     <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_macppc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/macppc 3.1 ISO image and a generic kernel:<pre>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/macppccd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/macppccd-3.1.iso</a>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/macppc/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/macppc/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
+     <b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img -d b:macppccd-3.1.iso -j macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+         and continue as you would do when installing NetBSD on a real
+         machine.
+   <p>
+   <li>Before turning the emulated machine off, quit the NetBSD installer
+         and execute the following commands:<pre>
+         <b>cd /; mount /dev/wd0a /mnt
+         echo 'console "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" vt100 on secure' > /mnt/etc/ttys
+         echo 'rc_configured=YES' >> /mnt/etc/rc.conf
+         umount /mnt; sync
+         reboot</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p>If everything worked, NetBSD/macppc should now be installed on
+ the disk image.
+ <p>Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>If asked about <tt>root device</tt>, enter <tt><b>wd0</b></tt>.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsddreamcast"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/dreamcast:</h3>
+ Moved <a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">here</a>.
  <p><br>
  <a name="openbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
  <h3>OpenBSD/pmax:</h3>
-Line 1008 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
+Line 1264 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
          already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
          to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
          <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
+         <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>      <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator with all three (!) disk images:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
  </pre>
          (If you add <tt>-X</tt>, you will run with the graphical
-Line 1030 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
+Line 1287 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
            <li>At the # prompt, do the following:<pre>
          <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b>        (and mark the filesystem as clean)
          <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
+         <b>mkdir /kern</b>
+         <b>mkdir /mnt2</b>
          <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
          <b>./install</b>
-Line 1046 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
+Line 1305 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
          password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
          need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
          the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
  </pre>
  While you are at it, you might want to extract the X11 install sets
  as well, as the installer seems to ignore them too. (Perhaps due to a bug
-Line 1107 
 enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are u
+Line 1366 
 enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are u
  It is possible to install and run
  <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">OpenBSD/cats</a>
- in GXemul.
+ in GXemul. Unfortunately, "The OpenBSD/cats port has been discontinued
+ after the 4.0 release." according to
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html</a>,
+ but 4.0 should run fine.
  <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
-Line 1123 
 follow these instructions:
+Line 1385 
 follow these instructions:
  </pre>
    <li>Download the entire cats directory from the ftp server:<pre>
-         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.8/cats/">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.8/cats/</a></b>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/</a></b>
-         <b>cp ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.8/cats/bsd .</b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/bsd .</b>
-         <b>cp ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.8/cats/bsd.rd .</b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/bsd.rd .</b>
  </pre>
+         (Replace ftp.se.openbsd.org with a server closer to you, for
+         increased download speed.)
+   <p>
    <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
          (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
          already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
          to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
-         <b>mkisofs -allow-lowercase -o openbsd_cats_3.8.iso ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>mkisofs -allow-lowercase -o openbsd_cats_4.0.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>      <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img -d openbsd_cats_3.8.iso bsd.rd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img -d openbsd_cats_4.0.iso bsd.rd</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
-Line 1173 
 boot from the harddisk image:
+Line 1438 
 boot from the harddisk image:
  <h3>Ultrix/RISC:</h3>
  Ultrix 4.x can run in GXemul on an emulated DECstation 5000/200.
- (Ultrix was the native OS for these machines, but NetBSD/pmax is
+ (Ultrix was the native OS for these machines, but
- also usable.)
+ <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a> is also usable.)
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.gif"></a>
+ <a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.png"></a>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a>
+ <a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.png"></a>
  <p>
  The following instructions should let you install Ultrix onto a disk image:
-Line 1195 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1460 
 The following instructions should let yo
          (On FreeBSD and similar systems, it is called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>.
          Replace that with the name of your CDROM drive, or the name of a
          .iso image file.) Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -X -A -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Once the first stage of the installation is done (restoring the root
-Line 1203 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1468 
 The following instructions should let yo
          new rootdisk, to continue the installation process.
          This is done by removing the bootflag ('<tt>b</tt>') from the second
          diskimage argument:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -X -A -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 1211 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1476 
 The following instructions should let yo
  <p>
  When the installation is completed, the following command should start
  Ultrix from the harddisk image:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -X -A -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
  </pre>
- <p>Ultrix mostly seems to work with dynamic binary translation (which can
+ <p>If you have a very fast host machine, you might experience a weird
- be disabled by the <b><tt>-B</tt></b> command line option). If you have a
- very fast host machine, and use bintrans, you might experience a weird
  timer related bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is
  triggered when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine
  was capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add
  <b><tt>-I33000000</tt></b> to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million
- instructions per emulated second. (When using <tt><b>-CR4400</b></tt>,
+ instructions per emulated second.
- <b><tt>-I16000000</tt></b> should be used instead.)
- <p>
+ <p>If the workaround above doesn't work, you can also start up other
- You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
+ processes on the host, apart from the emulator, so that the emulator runs
+ more slowly. This is an ugly workaround, but seems to work. Once you have
+ logged in into Ultrix, you can kill the extra processes.
+ <p>You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
  dual-headed workstation) or even <b><tt>-Z3</tt></b> (tripple-headed), and
  also the <b><tt>-Y2</tt></b> option for scaling down the framebuffer
  windows by a factor 2x2.
-Line 1233 
 There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> optio
+Line 1499 
 There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> optio
  displays to use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated
  tripple-headed workstation, on three different displays (<tt>remote1:0.0</tt>,
  <tt>localhost:0.0</tt>, and <tt>remote2:0.0</tt>), using no scaledown:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -A -N -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
+         <b>gxemul -N -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
              -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost:0.0 -z remote2:0.0</b>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
- The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
  GXemul on an Alpha 21164PC, with displays on a Sun Ultra1 (to the left),
  on the Alpha itself (in the middle), and on an HP700/RX X-terminal (8-bit
  color depth, running off the Alpha) to the right.
- <p>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead.jpg"><img src="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead_small.jpg"></a>
- <p>
+ <p>The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
- The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
  there is no way yet to set the scaledown factor on a per-window basis, so
  the scaledown factor affects all windows.
- <p>
+ <p>(If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
- (If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
  compiled your own <tt>/vmunix</tt>, then it will not contain support for
  multiple graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel,
  <tt><b>-j genvmunix</b></tt>, whenever you are running the emulator with a
  different setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
- <p>
+ <p>A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
- A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
  to Ultrix, so that is possible to run as well.  If you are unsuccessful
  in installing Ultrix or OSF/1 directly in the emulator, you can always
  install it on your real machine onto a real SCSI disk, and then copy the
-Line 1341 
 start the X11 environment.
+Line 1602 
 start the X11 environment.
  <h3>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation:</h3>
  It is possible to run Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in the emulator,
- on an emulated 5000/200 ("3max"). Although the Debian project has released
+ on an emulated 5000/200 ("3max"). However, just choosing any
- install ramdisk kernels for this purpose, these do not always work:
+ Linux/DECstation kernel at random for the installation will not work.
- <ul>
-   <li>Serial console output doesn't work too well in GXemul. There are
+ <p><ul>
-         random oopses, which may be due to bugs in GXemul, but may
+   <li>Linux 2.4/DECstation DZ serial console output doesn't work too well in
-         also be due to bugs in the serial controller code in Linux.
+         GXemul. Linux oopses randomly, which may be due to bugs in GXemul,
+         but may also be due to bugs in the serial controller code in Linux.
          (The speed at which serial interrupts are generated can be
          lowered with the <tt>-U</tt> command line option, but it only
          reduces the risk, it doesn't take away the oopses completely.)
-   <li>Old install kernels supported the graphical framebuffer on the
+   <li>The Linux 2.6/DECstation DZ serial console driver doesn't work at
-max, but not the keyboard.
+         all in the emulator, and I'm not really sure it would work on a
-   <li>For quite some time, the MIPS linux cvs tree had support for the
+         real 5000/200 either. Hopefully this will be fixed in Linux in
-         keyboard, but it did <i>not</i> include Debian's patches for
+         the future.
-         networking. (Perhaps this has been fixed now, I don't know.)
+   <li>To get around the serial console problem, the obvious solution is to
+         use a graphical framebuffer instead. Old Debian install kernels
+         supported the graphical framebuffer on the 3max, but not the
+         keyboard. (This has been fixed now, it seems.)
+   <li>For quite some time, the MIPS linux cvs tree has had support for the
+         framebuffer and keyboard, but it did not include Debian's
+         patches for networking, which made it unusable for network
+         installs. (Possibly fixed now.)
+   <li>The kernel has to be for 5000/200. This rules out using
+         the default kernel on netinst ISO images provided by Debian.
+         These ISO images boot directly into a kernel which is meant
+         for a different DECstation model.
+   <li>The kernel has to have an initrd which more or less matches the
+         version of Debian that will be installed.
  </ul>
- <p>David Muse has made available a precompiled install kernel which
+ <p>Luckily, a precompiled install kernel has been made available by David
- has support for framebuffer, keyboard, and networking, which works
+ Muse, for Debian for R3000 DECstations, which has support for framebuffer,
- pretty well. Thanks David. :-)
+ keyboard, and networking, which works pretty well. Thanks David. :-)
- <p>
+ <p>The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for
- The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation
+ DECstation onto a harddisk image in the emulator:
- onto a harddisk image:
  <p>
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3300000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=6000000</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Download David Muse' install kernel, and a Debian Netinstall CD-ROM:<pre>
-Line 1377 
 onto a harddisk image:
+Line 1651 
 onto a harddisk image:
          <a href="http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/3.1_r0a/mipsel/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso">http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/3.1_r0a/mipsel/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso</a>
  </pre>
+         <font color="#ff0000">NOTE 2007-04-14: It seems that the ISO image
+         has been removed from the cdimage site. You may need to search
+         for it elsewhere. :-/ Alternatively, you can follow
+         Michel Lespinasse's instructions at
+         <a href="http://people.zoy.org/~walken/gxemul-etch/HOWTO.html">http://people.zoy.org/~walken/gxemul-etch/HOWTO.html</a>.</font>
    <p>
    <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -XAe3max -d debian_pmax.img -d debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -d debian_pmax.img -d debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
  </pre>
-         Everything is <i>really</i> slow, for several reasons (framebuffer is
-         always slower than serial console, and Debian's install seems to be
+         <p>If everything goes well, you will see Linux' boot messages, and then
-         made up of scripts that run a lot slower in the emulator than pure
+         arrive at the language chooser.
-         C code would).
-         <p>
+ <p>
-         There will be a <font color="#d00000">warning</font> about "Select
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-1.png"><img src="debian-1-small.png"></a>
-         keyboard layout". Don't mind this. Continue by selecting "Detect and
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-2.png"><img src="debian-2-small.png"></a>
-         mount CD-ROM".
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-3.png"><img src="debian-3-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-4.png"><img src="debian-4-small.png"></a>
+         <p>There will be a warning about the keyboard
+         layout. Don't mind this. Continue, and then select <b>Detect
+         and mount CD-ROM</b> in the next menu.
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-5.png"><img src="debian-5-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-6.png"><img src="debian-6-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-7.png"><img src="debian-7-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-8.png"><img src="debian-8-small.png"></a>
          <p>
-         There will also be a <font color="#d00000">warning</font> about lack
+         There will also be a warning about lack of loadable modules. Don't
-         of loadable modules. Don't mind this, continue anyway.
+         mind this either, continue anyway by choosing <b>Yes</b>.
          <p>
-         You need to enter some values during the installation procedure, for
+         When you reach the network configuration part of the install, choose
-         example network settings. The following should work:<pre>
+         <b>Configure network manually</b> and enter the following values:<pre>
-         DHCP:                       No, choose "<b>Configure network manually</b>"
          IP address:                 <b>10.0.0.1</b>
          Netmask:                    <b>255.0.0.0</b>
          Gateway:                    <b>10.0.0.254</b>
          Name server addresses:      <b>10.0.0.254</b>
- </pre>
-   <li>Once the first phase of the install has finished, the following command
-         should let you boot into Debian, and perform post-install
-         configuration:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -XAe3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
- </pre>The post-install step takes quite some time.
- </ol>
- <p>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation should now be installed. Use this command
- to boot from the installed disk image:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -XAe3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
  </pre>
+         <p>Choose <b>Erase entire disk</b> in the partitioner.
+         <p>Wait for the base system to be installed. This takes almost forever,
+         so you can go fetch several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolt_Cola">Jolts</a>
+         or cups of coffee in the meanwhile.
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-9.png"><img src="debian-9-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-10.png"><img src="debian-10-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-11.png"><img src="debian-11-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-12.png"><img src="debian-12-small.png"></a>
+         <p>Congratulations! The first phase of the installation is now completed.
+         Reboot using the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
+ </pre>
+         <p>The post-install step takes quite some time as well. A perfect opportunity
+         for more coffee.
+         <p>When asked about whether the hardware clock is set to GMT or
+         not, answer Yes.
+         <p>When asked about "Apt configuration", choose <b>http</b> as the method
- <p><br>
+         to use for accessing the Debian archive.
- <a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
- <h3>Redhat Linux for DECstation:</h3>
- <p>
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a>
- <p>
- The following steps should let you run Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:
  <p>
- <ol>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-13.png"><img src="debian-13-small.png"></a>
-   <li>Download a kernel. David Muse' Debian-install kernel works fine, also with Redhat:<pre>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-14.png"><img src="debian-14-small.png"></a>
-         <a href="http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31">http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31</a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-15.png"><img src="debian-15-small.png"></a>
- </pre>
+         <p>Downloading the packages takes almost forever. Be patient.
-   <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/</a>
-          <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
-         19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
- </pre>
-   <li>Create a disk image which will contain the Redhat filesystem:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=redhat_mips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
- </pre>
-   <li>This is the tricky part: on redhat_mips.img, you need to create an MS-DOS
-         (!) partition table, and then an ext2 partition. This is what Linux
-         will then see as /dev/sda1.
-         <p>On a Linux host, you could use a loopback mount, or similar. Otherwise,
-         I recommend you run fdisk and mke2fs and untar the archive from within
-         Debian/DECstation or <a href="#debiancats">Debian/CATS</a> running
-         inside the emulator. Use your imagination.
-         <p>
-         In order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
-         Change<pre>
-         /dev/root               /               nfs     defaults        1 1
-         #/dev/sdc1              /               ext2    defaults        1 1
-         none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
-         none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0
- </pre>to<pre>
+         <p>Congratulations (again)! You are now fully done with the installation.
-         #/dev/root              /               nfs     defaults        1 1
-         /dev/sda1               /               ext2    defaults        1 1
-         none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
-         none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0
- </pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
  </ol>
- <p>To boot Redhat linux from the disk image, use the following command line:<pre>
+ <p><br>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation is now installed and ready to be used.
-         <b>gxemul -XAe3max -o "root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat_mips.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
+ Use this command to boot from the installed disk image:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
  </pre>
- If you need to boot into single user mode, change options to
- <tt><b>-o "root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh"</b></tt>.
-Line 1521 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
+Line 1775 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Compile gxemul with cache emulation: (<b>NOTE: --enable-caches</b>)<pre>
-         <b>./configure --enable-caches; make</b>
- </pre>
    <li>Download the pmax binary distribution for Mach 3.0:<pre>
          <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/</a>
              <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
-Line 1553 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
+Line 1803 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
          cd /; sync; umount /mnt</i>)
          <p>
    <li>Start the emulator with the following command:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
+         <b>gxemul -c 'put w 0x800990e0, 0' -c 'put w 0x80099144, 0' \
+             -c 'put w 0x8004aae8, 0' -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
              pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
+ <p>Earlier versions of GXemul had a configure option to enable better
+ R3000 cache emulation, but since Mach was more or less the only thing that
+ used it, I removed it. Today's version of GXemul can thus not boot
+ mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY straight off, it has to be patched to skip the
+ cache detection.
+ <p>The -c commands above patch the kernel to get past the cache detection.
+ Thanks to Artur Bujdoso for these values.
+ <p>TODO: Better instructions on how to create the old-style UFS disk
+ image.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
+ <h3>Redhat Linux for DECstation:</h3>
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a>
+ <p>
+ The following steps should let you run Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a kernel. David Muse' Debian-install kernel works fine:<pre>
+         <a href="http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31">http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31</a>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
+         19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
+ </pre>
+   <li>Create a disk image which will contain the Redhat filesystem:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=redhat_mips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>This is the tricky part: on redhat_mips.img, you need to create an MS-DOS
+         (!) partition table, and then an ext2 partition. This is what Linux
+         will then see as /dev/sda1.
+         <p>I recommend you run fdisk and mke2fs and untar the archive from within
+         Debian/DECstation or <a href="#debiancats">Debian/CATS</a> running
+         inside the emulator. (Alternatively, if you are on a Linux host,
+         you could use a loopback mount, or similar. This might require
+         root access. See e.g.
+         <a href="http://www.mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/index.php/Disk%20Images%20Under%20Linux">http://www.mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/index.php/Disk%20Images%20Under%20Linux</a>.)
+         <p>
+         In order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
+         Change<pre>
+         /dev/root               /               nfs     defaults        1 1
+         #/dev/sdc1              /               ext2    defaults        1 1
+         none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
+         none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0
+ </pre>to<pre>
+         #/dev/root              /               nfs     defaults        1 1
+         /dev/sda1               /               ext2    defaults        1 1
+         none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
+         none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0
+ </pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
+ </ol>
+ <p>To boot Redhat linux from the disk image, use the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o "root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat_mips.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
+ </pre>
+ If you need to boot into single user mode, change options to
+ <tt><b>-o "root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh"</b></tt>.
-Line 1584 
 it works.</font>
+Line 1916 
 it works.</font>
  mailed Adaptec several times, asking for documentation, but never received
  any reply.) OpenBSD/sgi can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't
  use SCSI. For a simple test with the ramdisk (install) kernel, try dowloading<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd.rd">bsd.rd</a>
- </pre>and run <b><tt>gxemul -e o2 bsd.rd</tt></b>.
+ </pre>and run <b><tt>gxemul -xeo2 bsd.rd</tt></b>.
  <p>It might also be possible to netboot. Another emulated machine must
  then be used as the nfs root server, and the emulated O2 machine must boot
-Line 1597 
 client. Performing this setup is quite t
+Line 1929 
 client. Performing this setup is quite t
  <ol>
    <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
          This needs to have a 800 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
-         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 from CDROM</a>.
+         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.1 from CDROM</a>.
          (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
    <p>
    <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
          Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
          inside the emulator:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
-Line 1626 
 reboot</b>
+Line 1958 
 reboot</b>
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
  <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
  (log in as anonymous...)
- <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi
+ <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi
- mget b*tgz c* e* g* m*
+ mget b*tgz c*tgz e* g* m*
  quit
  sh
  for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
-Line 1637 
 dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32
+Line 1969 
 dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32
  halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
    <li>Download the OpenBSD/sgi GENERIC and RAMDISK kernels:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd</a>
-         MD5 (bsd) = f16eaf3dcbd51876db7c25f70e6d8a08
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.9/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
-         MD5 (bsd.rd) = 4843e6139d8dd04b03d5f0e33e9a4f7b
  </pre>
    <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
+ <font color="#2020cf">!  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
- !
- !  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
  !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
  !
  !  This config file is for the client.</font>
- <b>emul(
+ <b>    net(
-     net(
          add_remote("localhost:12444")   </b>! the server<b>
          local_port(12445)               </b>! the client<b>
      )
-Line 1668 
 halt</b>
+Line 1995 
 halt</b>
          </b>! load("bsd")<b>
          load("bsd.rd")
      )
- )</b>
+ </b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
          ... and another configuration file for the server,
          <tt>config_server</tt>:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul</font>
+ <b>    net(
- <b>emul(
-     net(
          local_port(12444)               </b>! the server<b>
          add_remote("localhost:12445")   </b>! the client<b>
      )
-Line 1689 
 halt</b>
+Line 2014 
 halt</b>
          disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
      )
- )</b>
+ </b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
    <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the OpenBSD/sgi
          "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
-Line 1806 
 instructions:
+Line 2131 
 instructions:
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e pica -X -A -d obsd_arc.img -d b:openbsd_arc_2.3.iso -j 2.3/arc/bsd.rd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -X -d obsd_arc.img -d b:openbsd_arc_2.3.iso -j 2.3/arc/bsd.rd</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
-Line 1884 
 fdisk and mke2fs, which are useful for c
+Line 2209 
 fdisk and mke2fs, which are useful for c
+ <!--
  <p><br>
- <a name="netbsdnetwinderinstall"></a>
+ <a name="linux_malta"></a>
- <h3>NetBSD/netwinder:</h3>
+ <h3>Linux/Malta:</h3>
+ <p>The Malta emulation mode is best suited for running <a
+ href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>, however, it is possible
+ to experiment with Linux/Malta as well.
+ <p>The general idea behind Linux/Malta seems to be that the end user
+ always compiles his/her own kernel, applies patches, downloads
+ userland separately, etc. For that reason, Linux/Malta support in the
+ emulator is not tested for every release (sometimes it works, sometimes it
+ doesn't work), and these instructions are kind of "fuzzy".
+ <p><ol start="1">
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that Linux/Malta will be installed onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=linux.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=5000000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download a MIPS root filesystem tree:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
+         19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
+ </pre>
+         This is an old Redhat tree from 2001, but it seems to almost work.
+   <p>
+   <li>Download one precompiled Malta kernel, with ramdisk,
+         and one without ramdisk (which will be used later on
+         when booting from disk):<pre>
+         TODO
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start the emulator with the ramdisk kernel, create a MS-DOS style
+         MBR on the disk, create the filesystem, and extract the
+         userland files:<pre>
+         <b>gunzip vmlinux_2.*
+         gunzip mipsel-root-20011216.tar
+         gxemul -xemalta -d linux.img -d mipsel-root-20011216.tar vmlinux_2.4.33.2-ide-pci-ramdisk.elf</b>
+         Inside GXemul: Log in as root and execute the following commands:
+         <b>fdisk /dev/hda</b>
+         (enter suitable commands, e.g. <b>n, p, 1, 1, 9921, w</b>)
+         <b>mkfs /dev/hda1
+         mount /dev/hda1 /mnt
+         cd /mnt; tar -xf /dev/hdb; cd ..
+         umount /mnt; sync; reboot</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p>It should now be possible to boot from the disk image, using the
+ following command:
+ <p><pre>
+ <b>     gxemul -xemalta -d linux.img -o "root=/dev/hda1 rw" vmlinux_2.6.18-rc4-ide-pci-novty.elf</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>There's a slight problem with this specific Redhat tree, so when you
+ see the message "Configuring kernel parameters:  [  OK  ]", press CTRL-C
+ once.
+ -->
- <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/netwinder/">NetBSD/netwinder</a>
- could possibly run in GXemul.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="linux_qemu_mips"></a>
+ <h3>Linux/QEMU_MIPS:</h3>
+ I've added a semi-bogus machine mode which tries to
+ mimic the MIPS machine mode used in Fabrice Bellard's
+ <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/">QEMU</a>.
+ <p>Download <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/mips-test-0.1.tar.gz">mips-test-0.1.tar.gz</a>
+ from <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/download.html">http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/download.html</a>,
+ and extract its contents (<tt>tar zxvf mips-test-0.1.tar.gz</tt>).
+ <p>Test it in GXemul using the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -E qemu_mips -o 'console=ttyS0 root=/dev/ram
+                 rd_start=0x80800000 rd_size=10000000 init=/bin/sh'
+x80800000:mips-test/initrd mips-test/vmlinux-r1</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="windows_nt_mips"></a>
+ <h3>Windows NT/MIPS:</h3>
+ Old versions of Windows NT could run on MIPS hardware, e.g.
+ the PICA 61. It is theoretically possible that the emulation provided by
+ GXemul some day could be stable/complete enough to emulate
+ such hardware well enough to fool Windows NT into thinking
+ that it is running on a real machine.
  <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
- <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
+ <p>Installation steps similar to these would be required to install
- kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk
+ Windows NT onto a disk image:
- image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
+ <ol>
+         <li>Put a "Windows NT 4.0 for MIPS" CDROM (or similar) into
+                 your CDROM drive. (On FreeBSD systems, it is
+                 usually called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt> or similar. Change
+                 that to whatever the CDROM is called on your system,
+                 or the name of a raw .iso image. I have tried this
+                 with the Swedish version, but it might work with
+                 other versions too.)
+         <p>
+         <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+                 that you will install Windows NT onto:<pre>
+         $ <b><tt>dd if=/dev/zero of=winnt_test.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</tt></b>
+ </pre>
+         <li>Run the ARC installer, to partition the disk image:<pre>
+         $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\ARCINST</tt></b>
+ </pre>
+         Note that <tt>ARCINST</tt> <i>almost</i> works, but not quite.
+         <p>
+         <li>Run the SETUP program:<pre>
+         $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\SETUPLDR</tt></b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p><tt>SETUPLDR</tt> manages to load some drivers from the cdrom,
+ but then it crashes because of incomplete emulation of some hardware devices.
- <p>
- The following instructions will let you install the NetBSD/netwinder
- distribution onto a disk image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdbeboxinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/bebox:</h3>
+ There is an old snapshot of
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/bebox/">NetBSD/bebox</a>
+ from 1998-11-19 available at NetBSD's ftp server. NetBSD/bebox
+ could theoretically run in GXemul.
+ <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK RIGHT NOW!</font>
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/bebox onto a
+ disk image, using a NetBSD/prep kernel temporarily during the install:
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 3.0 according to instructions
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/prep 2.1 install ramdisk kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">further up on this page</a>.
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
          that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_netwinder.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_bebox.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/bebox snapshot, and create a suitable .iso
+         image of the files:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/</a>
+ mv ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/kern.tgz .
+ tar zxvf kern.tgz
+ rm -f kern.tgz
+ mkisofs -o netbsd-bebox-19981119.iso ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <p>
+   <li>Now let's extract the files onto the Bebox disk image. Start NetBSD/prep
+         with the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e ibm6050 -d d:netbsd-bebox-19981119.iso -d nbsd_bebox.img netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>Choose (S) for Shell, and execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>disklabel -I -i wd1
+ a
+.2BSD
+c
+M
+ b
+ swap
+ a
+M
+ W
+ y
+ Q
+ newfs /dev/wd1a
+ mount_cd9660 /dev/wd0c /mnt
+ mount /dev/wd1a /mnt2
+ cd mnt2
+ for a in /mnt/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" &gt; fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" &gt;&gt; fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
+ sync; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/bebox using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -E bebox -d nbsd_bebox.img netbsd</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the generic kernel and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/netwindercd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/netwindercd.iso</a>
+ <p>When asked for the root device, enter <b><tt>wd0a</tt></b>.
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET</font>, there are
+ errors while uncompressing the tgz files, and the machine crashes when
+ trying to run /sbin/init.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdlandiskinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/landisk:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/landisk/">NetBSD/landisk</a> can
+ run in GXemul.
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is still too
+ unstable to be considered really working!</font>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20070224-netbsd-landisk.png"><img src="20070224-netbsd-landisk_small.png"></a>
+ <p>At the time of writing this, there are not yet any formal releases
+ of NetBSD/landisk, only daily snapshot builds.
+ <p>The NetBSD/landisk distribution does not include any INSTALL kernel,
+ so it must be installed using another (emulated) machine.
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/landisk onto a disk
+ image, using an emulated CATS machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/cats install kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <p>
-   <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d nbsd_netwinder.img -d netwinder.iso</b>
+         that you will install NetBSD/landisk onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_landisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
- </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Download the latest netbsd-4 (pre-release) snapshot, and make an iso image
+         of it: (replace 200704110002Z with whatever is the latest one)<pre>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-4/200704110002Z/landisk
+         mkisofs -U -o landisk.iso ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-4/*</b>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated CATS machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_landisk.img -d landisk.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Exit the installer, then execute the following commands:
  <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
+ <b>disklabel -i -I wd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
+     '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
+ <b>newfs /dev/wd0a
  mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
- mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/wd0a /mnt2
  cd /mnt2; sh
- for a in /mnt/netwinder/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  exit
  cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
  echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
- echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" >> fstab
  cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
  </ol>
- <p>NetBSD/netwinder is now installed on the disk image. But actually
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/landisk using this command:<pre>
- running it does <b>not work yet</b>. Sorry.
+         <b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d nbsd_landisk.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="openbsdlandiskinstall"></a>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
+ It is possible to install and run
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/landisk.html">OpenBSD/landisk</a>
+ in GXemul. There is at the time of writing this no stable release
+ yet of OpenBSD/landisk, but there are snapshots available on the
+ OpenBSD ftp site.
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is still too
+ unstable to be considered really working!</font>
+ <p>To install OpenBSD/landisk onto an emulated harddisk image,
+ follow these instructions:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_landisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
- <p>Something like the following command line would be used to start
- NetBSD, if it worked:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -E netwinder -d nbsd_netwinder.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
  </pre>
+   <li>Download the entire landisk directory from the ftp server:<pre>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/landisk/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/landisk/</a></b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/landisk/bsd .</b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/landisk/bsd.rd .</b>
+ </pre>
+         (Replace ftp.se.openbsd.org with a server closer to you, for
+         increased download speed.)
+   <p>
+   <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
+         (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
+         already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
+         to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
+         <b>mkisofs -allow-lowercase -o openbsd_landisk_snapshot.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>      <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
- <p>Note: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
- <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
- swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
- generic kernel:<pre>
-         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
-         dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
-         file system (default generic):    <i>(just press enter)</i>
-         init path (default /sbin/init):   <i>(just press enter)</i>
  </pre>
+   <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -Elandisk -d obsd_landisk.img -d d:openbsd_landisk_snapshot.iso bsd.rd</b>
+ </pre>
+         and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
+         on a real landisk. The following hints are useful to get you
+         through the installation:
+         <ul>
+           <li>Terminal type = <b>xterm</b>
+           <li>root disk = <b>wd0</b> (the disk to install onto)
+           <li>Use the entire disk for OpenBSD = <b>yes</b>
+           <li>Create one big root partition (a) and a small swap partition (b). c is the entire disk.
+           <li>Do <b>not</b> configure the network.
+           <li>Location of sets = <b>disk</b>
+           <li>Is the disk partition already mounted = <b>no</b>
+           <li>Disk containing the install media = <b>wd1</b>
+           <li>Pathname to the sets = <b>snapshot/landisk</b>
+         </ul>
+ </ol>
+ <p>Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
+ boot from the disk image:
+ <p><pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d obsd_landisk.img bsd</b>
+ </pre>

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