/[gxemul]/trunk/doc/guestoses.html

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-revision 18 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:19:11 2007 UTC
+revision 42 by dpavlin,
Mon Oct  8 16:22:32 2007 UTC
 Line 4
  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
- <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b></font>
+ <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Installing and running "guest OSes"</b>
  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
  <!--
- $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.96 2005/10/22 17:24:19 debug Exp $
+ $Id: guestoses.html,v 1.226 2007/06/15 06:26:19 debug Exp $
- Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
+ Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 Line 48 
 SUCH DAMAGE.
  <p>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#generalnotes">General notes on running "guest OSes"</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax 3.1 or 1.6.2</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc 1.6.2</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdalgorinstall">NetBSD/algor 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">NetBSD/cats</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgimips 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdinstall">OpenBSD/pmax</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">NetBSD/cats 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">OpenBSD/arc</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdevbarminstall">NetBSD/evbarm 2.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdcatsinstall">OpenBSD/cats</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdnetwinderinstall">NetBSD/netwinder 3.1</a>
-   <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Ultrix/RISC</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdprepinstall">NetBSD/prep 2.1</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdmacppcinstall">NetBSD/macppc 3.1</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdpmppc">NetBSD/pmppc 3.1</a>
+   <li><a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">NetBSD/dreamcast 3.1</a>
+   <li><a href="dreamcast.html#linux_live_cd">Linux/dreamcast</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdpmaxinstall">OpenBSD/pmax 2.8-BETA</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdcatsinstall">OpenBSD/cats 4.0</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdlandiskinstall">OpenBSD/landisk 4.1</a>
+   <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Ultrix/RISC 4.5</a>
    <li><a href="#sprite">Sprite for DECstation</a>
    <li><a href="#declinux">Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation</a>
-   <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Redhat Linux for DECstation</a>
- </ul>
- <p>In addition to the "working" guest operating systems listed above,
- you might find the following information interesting:
- <ul>
-   <li><a href="#mach">Mach/PMAX</a>
-   <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
-   <li><a href="#netbsdnetwinderinstall">NetBSD/netwinder</a>
  </ul>
-Line 82 
 you might find the following information
+Line 81 
 you might find the following information
  <h3>General notes on running "guest OSes":</h3>
  The emulator works well enough to run complete operating systems. These
- are often refered to as "guest" operating systems.
+ are often refered to as <i>guest</i> operating systems, in contrast to the
+ <i>host</i> operating system which the emulator is running under.
- <p>
+ <p>Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
- Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
+ harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
- harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
+ using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
- using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
+ may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
- may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
  system, the harddisk image looks and acts like a real disk.
+ <p>The version numbers of the various operating systems were the latest
+ versions that worked satisfactory with GXemul at the time this page was
+ updated; if new versions have been released since then, they might work as
+ well.
+ <p>In addition to the "working" guest operating systems listed above,
+ you might find the following information interesting:
+ <ul>
+   <li><a href="#mach">Mach/PMAX</a>
+   <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Redhat Linux for DECstation</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
+   <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">OpenBSD/arc 2.3</a>
+   <li><a href="#debiancats">Debian GNU/Linux for CATS</a>
+   <!-- <li><a href="#linux_malta">Linux/Malta</a> -->
+   <li><a href="#linux_qemu_mips">Linux/QEMU_MIPS</a>
+   <li><a href="#windows_nt_mips">Windows NT/MIPS</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdbeboxinstall">NetBSD/bebox 19981119</a>
+   <li><a href="#netbsdlandiskinstall">NetBSD/landisk</a>
+ </ul>
+ <p><b><font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</b>
+ Some of these sections may not be relevant to this
+ specific release of GXemul,</font> for example some of these
+ modes may be legacy modes that worked before but not any longer,
+ or are not yet working but could be in the future.
+ <p>Some operating systems are listed with a version number <i>less</i>
+ than what was available at the time of this GXemul release (e.g.
+ NetBSD/prep). The reasons for this is because of incompleteness in
+ GXemul's machine, device, and/or processor implementations.
-Line 99 
 system, the harddisk image looks and act
+Line 129 
 system, the harddisk image looks and act
  <p><br>
- <a name="netbsdinstall"></a>
+ <a name="netbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
  <h3>NetBSD/pmax:</h3>
- <p>
+ <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a> was the
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ first guest OS that could be
+ <a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-pmax/2004/04/18/0000.html">installed</a>
+ onto a disk image in GXemul. The device emulation of the DECstation
+/200 is reasonably complete; it should be enough to emulate a
+ networked X-windows-capable workstation.
+ <p>NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2 works perfectly with X out-of-the-box. Unfortunately,
+ newer NetBSD releases have changed slightly, and X does not work straight
+ away with NetBSD 2.x and 3.x. It seems that this has to do with NetBSD
+ switching console system to "WSCONS" somewhere between 1.6.2 and 2.0.
+ <p>What this means is that if you want to use emulated X11, then you need
+ to run NetBSD 1.6.2. At the time of writing this, 4.0_BETA snapshots work
+ fine too, but 4.0 isn't released yet. If you feel that you only need
+ serial-console emulation, then choose 3.1.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
- <p>To install <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>
+ <p>To install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image in the emulator,
- onto a harddisk image in the emulator, follow these instructions:
+ follow these instructions:
- <p><ol start="1">
+ <p><ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=1900000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
  </pre>
- </ol>
- <p>
- From this point, there are two separate ways to continue the installation.
- You can either download a CD-ROM iso image (and let the installation
- program copy files from the CD-ROM image to the harddisk image), or you
- can install via ftp. For an installation from a CD-ROM image, follow these
- steps:
- <p>
- <ol start="2">
    <li>Download a NetBSD CD-ROM iso image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
          or
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmaxcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmaxcd-3.1.iso</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d b:pmaxcd-3.1.iso</b>
+         (or <b>pmaxcd.iso</b>)
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
          DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
          type, and not <tt>rcons</tt>.
  </ol>
+ <p>If you prefer to do an ftp install (usually much slower), you can
+ follow these instructions instead:
  <p>
- For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 and 3 above with these:
+ <ol>
- <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
- <ol start="2">
+         that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
+ </pre>
    <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
          or
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
          DECstation. Remember to choose <tt>vt100</tt> as your terminal
-Line 168 
 For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 a
+Line 210 
 For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 a
  </pre>
          (If using 10.0.0.254 as the nameserver fails, then try entering the
          IP number of a real-world nameserver instead.)
+         <p>
+         Note that NetBSD 1.6.2 is nowadays located at
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2</a>
+         (note <tt>NetBSD-archive</tt> part).
  </ol>
  <p>If you want to use a graphical framebuffer during the install, you can
-Line 181 
 NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
+Line 227 
 NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
          <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>
- <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</font> For some reason, NetBSD 2.0.2
+ <p>If you installed NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2, or 4.0_BETA, then try the
- doesn't work with X out-of-the-box on pmax. It seems that this has to do
+ following to start with a framebuffer:<pre>
- with NetBSD switching console system to "WSCONS" somewhere between 1.6.2
- and 2.0. For now, if you want X, then try NetBSD 1.6.2.
- <p>With NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2, try the following to start with a framebuffer:<pre>
          <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>
  and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt>startx</tt> to start X windows.
-Line 202 
 and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt
+Line 244 
 and log in as <tt>root</tt> and type <tt
  <a name="netbsdarcinstall"></a>
  <h3>NetBSD/arc:</h3>
- It is possible to install and run <a
+ It is possible to install and run an old version of <a
- href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
  on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
  <p>
-Line 211 
 on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emula
+Line 253 
 on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emula
  <a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
  <p>
- To install NetBSD/arc from a CDROM image onto an emulated harddisk image,
+ To install NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 from a CDROM image onto an emulated
- follow these instructions:
+ harddisk image, follow these instructions:
  <p>
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Download a NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 CDROM image, and a generic NetBSD/arc
          kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-archive/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img -d bc:arccd.iso \
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img -d b:arccd.iso -j arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</b>
-           -j arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</b>
  </pre>
          (Try removing <tt>-x</tt> if you have problems with the xterm.)
      <p>
    <li>From now on, you have to use your imagination, as there is no
-         automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc. Here are some tips
+         automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc 1.6.2. Here are
-         and hints on how you can proceed with the install:
+         some tips and hints on how you can proceed with the install:
  <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
  <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2
  disklabel -i -I sd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
-Line 250 
 cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;
+Line 291 
 cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;
  cat > /mnt/etc/fstab
  /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
  /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
- </b>(press ctrl-d)<b>
+ </b>(press ctrl-d)
  <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
  halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
-Line 275 
 image, using the following command:<pre>
+Line 316 
 image, using the following command:<pre>
  <h3>NetBSD/hpcmips:</h3>
  It is possible to install <a
- href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a> onto a disk
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a> onto a disk
- image, on an an emulated MobilePro 770, 780, 800, or 880. The emulator
+ image, on an an emulated MobilePro 770 or 800. (MobilePro 780 and 880 might
- treats the different machine models as being almost identical; the most
+ work too, but I don't test those for every release of the emulator. They
- important difference is regarding the framebuffer.
+ have unaligned framebuffers, and run a bit slower.)
- <p><table border="0">
-         <tr>
-                 <td width="80">&nbsp;</td>
-                 <td><u>Model:</u></td>
-                 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-                 <td><u>Framebuffer size/depth:</u></td>
-                 <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-                 <td><u>Framebuffer address:</u></td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 770 (<super>*2</super>)</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa000000</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 780</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa180100 (<super>*</super>)</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 800</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa000000</td>
-         </tr>
-         <tr>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>MobilePro 880</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
-                 <td></td>
-                 <td>0xa0ea600 (<super>*</super>)</td>
-         </tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- (<super>*</super>) = not aligned at a 4 KB boundary, so it will not work
- efficiently with the current bintrans system. Using this mode will still
- work, but each load and store will be emulated much more slowly than is
- possible with an aligned framebuffer.
- <p>
- (<super>*2</super>) = The MobilePro 770's cursor keys work differently
- than the other models, for some reason. (This is a known bug.)
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-Line 347 
 NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro
+Line 335 
 NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that you will install NetBSD/hpcmips onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1990000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the NetBSD/hpcmips 2.0.2 ISO image, and a generic kernel:<pre>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/hpcmips 3.1 ISO image, and a generic kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/hpcmipscd.iso">hpcmipscd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/hpcmipscd-3.1.iso">hpcmipscd-3.1.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -A -d nbsd_hpcmips.img  \
+         <b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img -d b:hpcmipscd-3.1.iso -j hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</b>
-           -d b:hpcmipscd.iso -j hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
          MobilePro 770. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
-         doing the MBR partitioning, and choose wd1d (not cd0c) as the
+         doing the MBR partitioning, and choose to install from CD-ROM.)
-         CDROM device to install from.)
  </ol>
  <p>
-Line 375 
 Use the following command line to boot t
+Line 360 
 Use the following command line to boot t
  </pre>
- <p>If you change your mind at this point regarding which machine type to
- emulate, you might for example prefer a MobilePro 800, then you can change
- that at any time. NetBSD/hpcmips is designed to be able to boot on many
- types, without any need to change the kernel.
  <p>When you have logged in as <tt>root</tt>, you can use <tt>startx</tt> to
  start X Windows, but there is no mouse support yet so only keyboard input
  is available. This makes it a bit akward to use X.
-Line 395 
 is available. This makes it a bit akward
+Line 375 
 is available. This makes it a bit akward
  <a name="netbsdcobaltinstall"></a>
  <h3>NetBSD/cobalt:</h3>
- <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
  to install, because the Cobalt machines were designed for Linux, and not
- very flexible. There is no INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt. One way to
+ very flexible. There is no traditional INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt.
- install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to do it from
+ One way to install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to
- another (emulated) machine.
+ do it from another (emulated) machine.
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a>
+ <a href="20060812-netbsd-cobalt-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060812-netbsd-cobalt-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
  <p>
  The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/cobalt onto a disk
-Line 411 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
+Line 391 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
  <p>
  <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
          that you will install NetBSD/cobalt onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1999000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt and the 2.0.2 ISO image:<pre>
+   <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/cobaltcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/cobaltcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/cobaltcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/cobaltcd-3.1.iso</a>
  </pre>
-   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
-   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 according to instructions
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_cobalt.img -d cobaltcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
-         <a href="#netbsdinstall">further up on this page</a>.
-   <p>
-   <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d cobaltcd.iso -d nbsd_cobalt.img</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Log in as root (on the emulated 3MAX machine), and execute the
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
-         following commands: (adjust according to taste)
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
  <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
  mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
- mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
  cd /mnt2; sh
- for a in /mnt/cobalt/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  exit
  cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
- echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
  echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
  cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
-Line 447 
 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b
+Line 427 
 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b
  <p>
  You should now be able to boot NetBSD/cobalt like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -M128 -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+         <b>gxemul -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
  </pre>
  Note that the installation instructions above create a filesystem
-Line 470 
 generic kernel:<pre>
+Line 450 
 generic kernel:<pre>
  <a name="netbsdevbmipsinstall"></a>
  <h3>NetBSD/evbmips:</h3>
- <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a> can run
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a> can run
- in GXemul on an emulated Malta evaluation board (with a 5Kc or 4Kc CPU).
+ in GXemul on an emulated Malta evaluation board, with a 5Kc (MIPS64) or
+Kc (MIPS32) processor. 5Kc is the default.
- <p>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
- <a href="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta.png"><img src="20050622-netbsd-evbmips-malta_small.png"></a>
- <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
+ <p>One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
- kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
  image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
  <p>
-Line 487 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
+Line 466 
 image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 according to instructions
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
-         <a href="#netbsdinstall">further up on this page</a>.
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
          that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the generic kernel and the 2.0.2 ISO image:<pre>
+   <li>Download the Malta kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/evbmips-mipselcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/evbmips-mipselcd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/evbmips-mipselcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/evbmips-mipselcd-3.1.iso</a>
  </pre>
    <p>
-   <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d nbsd_malta.img -d evbmips-mipselcd.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_malta.img -d evbmips-mipselcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
- </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
  <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
  mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
- mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
  cd /mnt2; sh
- for a in /mnt/evbmips-mipsel/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcemt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  exit
  cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
  echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
-Line 520 
 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b
+Line 502 
 cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b
  </ol>
  <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbmips using this command:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e malta -d nbsd_malta.img netbsd-MALTA.gz</b>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e malta -d nbsd_malta.img netbsd-MALTA.gz</b>
  </pre>
- <p>Note 1: NetBSD detects a very fast CPU although the emulation isn't
+ <p>NOTE: To select a 4Kc (MIPS32) CPU instead of the default 5Kc
- really that fast, so emulated delays are very slow. Even on a multi-GHz
- host, you will need a lot of patience.
- <p>Note 2: To select a 4Kc (MIPS32) CPU instead of the default 5Kc
  (MIPS64) CPU, add <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> to the command line. With NetBSD
-.0.2, however, there will be little or no difference in functionality, as
+.1, however, there will be little or no difference in functionality, as
- NetBSD still runs in 32-bit mode on 64-bit MIPS CPUs. The only difference
+ NetBSD still runs in 32-bit mode on 64-bit MIPS CPUs. There are two things
- it makes in practice is that GXemul's binary translation subsystem might
+ that differ:<ol>
- run a bit faster (because there are some optimizations for 32-bit
+   <li>The dynamic translation core runs faster when emulating 32-bit
- emulation that don't work with 64-bit emulation).
+         processors, so <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> might make things go faster.
+   <li>4Kc only has 16 TLB entries, whereas 5Kc has 48. This makes 4Kc
+         emulation slower in general, because there are more TLB misses.
+ </ol>
- <p>Note 3: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
+ <p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
  <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
  swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
  generic kernel:<pre>
          root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
-         dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b):             <i>(just press enter)</i>
-         file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
+         file system (default generic):          <i>(just press enter)</i>
-         init path (default /sbin/init):     <i>(just press enter here)</i>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):         <i>(just press enter)</i>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdalgorinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/algor:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/algor/">NetBSD/algor</a> can
+ run in GXemul on an emulated Algorithmics P5064 evaluation board.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060814-netbsd-algor-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060814-netbsd-algor-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
+ <p>One way to install the NetBSD/algor distribution onto a disk
+ image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/algor onto a disk
+ image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD/algor onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_algor.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the P5064 Algor kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/algor/binary/kernel/netbsd-P5064.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/algor/binary/kernel/netbsd-P5064.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/algorcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/algorcd-3.1.iso</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_algor.img -d algorcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/algor using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e p5064 -d nbsd_algor.img netbsd-P5064.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
+ <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
+ swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
+ generic kernel:<pre>
+         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b):             <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         file system (default generic):          <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):         <i>(just press enter)</i>
  </pre>
-Line 551 
 generic kernel:<pre>
+Line 612 
 generic kernel:<pre>
  <p><br>
  <a name="netbsdsgimips"></a>
  <h3>NetBSD/sgimips:</h3>
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot.png"><img src="20050626-netbsd-sgimips-netboot_small.png"></a>
+ <a href="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0.png"><img src="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0_small.png"></a>
- <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a> can run
+ <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a> can run
  in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32). However, GXemul does not yet
  emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have mailed Adaptec
  several times, asking for documentation, but never received any reply.)
  NetBSD can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't use SCSI.
- <p>For a simple test with the 2.0.2 ramdisk (install) kernel, try
+ <p>For a simple test with the ramdisk/install kernel, try
  dowloading<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
- </pre>and run&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><tt>gxemul -e o2 netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt></b>.
+ </pre>and run&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><tt>gxemul -x -e o2 netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt></b>.
  <p>It is possible to set up an environment for netbooting the emulated SGI
  machine off of another emulated machine. Performing this setup is quite
-Line 579 
 time consuming, but necessary:
+Line 645 
 time consuming, but necessary:
  <ol>
    <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
          This needs to have a 750 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
-         <a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 from CDROM</a>.
+         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.1 from CDROM</a>.
          (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
    <p>
    <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
          Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
          inside the emulator:
- <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
  <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
  echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
  echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
-Line 612 
 client:\
+Line 678 
 client:\
  echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
  reboot</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
-   <li>Start the DECstation emulation again, and download the
+   <p>
-         NetBSD/sgimips distribution sets:<br>(NOTE: This
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/sgimips CD-ROM iso image, and the
-         takes quite some time, even if you have a fast network connection.)
+         GENERIC and INSTALL kernels:<pre>
- <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/sgimipscd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/sgimipscd-3.1.iso</a>
- <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.uk.netbsd.org</b>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</a>
- (log in as anonymous...)
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
- <b>cd /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/sets
- mget base.tgz comp.tgz etc.tgz games.tgz man.tgz misc.tgz text.tgz
+ </pre>
- quit
+   <li>Start the DECstation emulation again:<pre>
- sh
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d sgimipscd-3.1.iso</b>
- for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; rm -f $a; done
+ </pre>and extract the files from the sgimips CD-ROM image to the
+         DECstation disk image:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>cd /tftpboot; mount /dev/cd0a /mnt
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcegmt]*; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
  echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
- dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32768
+ echo 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/mygate
- halt</b>
+ echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/resolv.conf
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=65536
+ cd /; umount /mnt; halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
-   <li>Download the NetBSD/sgimips GENERIC and INSTALL kernels:<pre>
+   <p>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
- </pre>
    <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
+ <font color="#2020cf">!  Configuration file for running NetBSD/sgimips diskless with
- !
- !  Configuration file for running NetBSD/sgimips diskless with
  !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.</font>
- <b>emul(
+ <b>net(
-     net(
          add_remote("localhost:12444")   </b>! the server<b>
          local_port(12445)               </b>! the client<b>
-     )
+ )
-     machine(
+ machine(
          name("client machine")
          serial_nr(1)
-Line 655 
 halt</b>
+Line 722 
 halt</b>
          load("netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz")</b>
          ! load("netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz")<b>
-     )
+ )
- )</b>
+ </b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
          ... and another configuration file for the server,
          <tt>config_server</tt>:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul</font>
+ <b>net(
- <b>emul(
-     net(
          local_port(12444)               </b>! the server<b>
          add_remote("localhost:12445")   </b>! the client<b>
-     )
+ )
-     machine(
+ machine(
          name("nfs server")
          serial_nr(2)
-Line 676 
 halt</b>
+Line 741 
 halt</b>
          subtype("5000/200")
          disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
-     )
+ )
- )</b>
+ </b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
    <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the NetBSD/sgimips
          "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
-Line 743 
 to IPv4.
+Line 808 
 to IPv4.
  <h3>NetBSD/cats:</h3>
  It is possible to install and run
- <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cats/">NetBSD/cats</a> in GXemul.
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/cats/">NetBSD/cats</a> in GXemul.
- <p>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
  <p>
-Line 756 
 To install NetBSD/cats onto a disk image
+Line 820 
 To install NetBSD/cats onto a disk image
  <ol start="1">
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that you will install NetBSD/cats onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1990000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the NetBSD/cats 2.0.2 ISO image and generic + install kernels:<pre>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/cats 3.1 ISO image and the generic and install kernels:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/catscd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/catscd.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/catscd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/catscd-3.1.iso</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d catscd.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d catscd-3.1.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
-         CATS from CDROM. (Install onto wd0, and choose wd1c (not cd0c) as the
+         CATS from CDROM.
-         CDROM device to install from.)
  </ol>
+ <p>Alternatively, to install from FTP, you can skip downloading the ISO,
+ and start the install without <tt>-d catscd-3.1.iso</tt>. Suitable network
+ settings are IP 10.0.0.1, gateway/default route 10.0.0.254, netmask
+.0.0.0, nameserver 10.0.0.254.
  <p>If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
  Use the following command line to boot the emulated CATS machine:<pre>
          <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</b>
  </pre>
- <p>When asked for root device, enter <tt>wd0</tt>.
-Line 789 
 Use the following command line to boot t
+Line 856 
 Use the following command line to boot t
  <p><br>
- <a name="openbsdinstall"></a>
+ <a name="netbsdevbarminstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/evbarm:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/evbarm/">NetBSD/evbarm</a> can
+ run in GXemul on an emulated IQ80321 evaluation board.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060218-netbsd-evbarm.png"><img src="20060218-netbsd-evbarm_small.png"></a>
+ <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
+ kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/evbarm distribution onto a disk
+ image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbarm onto a disk
+ image, from an emulated CATS machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/cats 3.1 ramdisk kernel:<pre>
+         <b>wget <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a></b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD/evbarm onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_iq80321.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download an IQ80321 kernel with wdc support, and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel/netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz">netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbarmcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbarmcd.iso</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Now let's extract the files from the CD-ROM image onto the IQ80321's disk image. Start the
+         CATS machine using the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_iq80321.img -d evbarmcd.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>Exit from the installer, and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>disklabel -I -i wd0</b>
+     (enter suitable commands, e.g. <i>a, 4.2BSD, 1c, 750M, b,
+      swap, a, 200M, P, W, y, Q</i>)
+ <b>newfs /dev/wd0a; mount /dev/wd0a /mnt2; cd /mnt2
+ mount /dev/cd0a /mnt; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcegmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" &gt; fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" &gt;&gt; fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; sync; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbarm using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -E iq80321 -d nbsd_iq80321.img netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdnetwinderinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/netwinder:</h3>
+ It is possible to run <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/netwinder/">NetBSD/netwinder</a>
+ in GXemul.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-1.png"><img src="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-1_small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-2.png"><img src="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-2_small.png"></a>
+ <p>There is no INSTALL ramdisk kernel, so one way to install the
+ NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk image is to install the files
+ using another (emulated) machine. The following instructions will let you
+ install the NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk image, from an
+ emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+         that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_netwinder.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the generic kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/netwindercd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/netwindercd-3.1.iso</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_netwinder.img -d netwindercd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
+ to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>newfs /dev/sd0c
+ mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
+ cd /mnt2; sh
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ exit
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>NetBSD/netwinder is now installed on the disk image. The following command
+ line can be used to start NetBSD/netwinder:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -E netwinder -d nbsd_netwinder.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>This will result in a 1024x768 framebuffer. Add <tt>-Y2</tt> to the
+ command line if you want to scale it down to 512x384.
+ <p>Note: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
+ <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
+ swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
+ generic kernel:<pre>
+         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
+         dump device (default wd0b): <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         file system (default generic):    <i>(just press enter)</i>
+         init path (default /sbin/init):   <i>(just press enter)</i>
+ </pre>
+ <p>Known bugs/problems:
+ <ul>
+         <li>There is a long delay when starting up NetBSD/netwinder
+                 (several seconds even on a very fast host machine),
+                 so you need to be patient.
+         <li>There is a minor bug in the keyboard device, so you need to
+                 press a key (any key) before typing wd0c.
+         <li>When halting/rebooting NetBSD/netwinder, the emulator
+                 prints a message saying something about an internal
+                 error. This doesn't matter; ignore the message.
+ </ul>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdprepinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/prep:</h3>
+ It is possible to install and run <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a> 2.1 in GXemul on
+ an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machine. (Newer versions of NetBSD/prep use
+ the wdc controller in a way which isn't implemented in GXemul yet, or
+ there are bugs in GXemul's PowerPC CPU emulation.)
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20051123-netbsd-prep.png"><img src="20051123-netbsd-prep_small.png"></a>
+ <p>To install NetBSD/prep onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
+ <p>
+ <ol start="1">
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that you will install NetBSD/prep onto:<pre>
+     <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_prep.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1000000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/prep 2.1 ISO image and the generic kernel:<pre>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/prepcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/prepcd.iso</a>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
+     <b>gxemul -X -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img -d rdb:prepcd.iso -j prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Installation is a bit unsmooth, possibly due to bugs in GXemul,
+         possibly due to bugs in NetBSD itself; others have been having
+         problems on real hardware: <a href="http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-prep/2005/11/25/0004.html">http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-prep/2005/11/25/0004.html</a>.
+         Creating an MBR slice and a disklabel with sysinst bugs out, so
+         some things have to be done manually:<p>
+         At "<tt>(I)nstall, (S)hell, or (H)alt</tt>", choose
+                 <tt><b><u>s</u></b></tt>.
+         <br><tt># <b><u>fdisk -u wd0</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks? [n]</tt>
+                 (just press <b>ENTER</b>)
+         <br><tt>Which partition do you want to change?: [none] <b><u>0</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>sysid: ... </tt> (just press <B>ENTER</b>)
+         <br><tt>start: ... <b><u>1cyl</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>size: ... </tt> (just press <B>ENTER</b>)
+         <br><tt>Which partition do you want to change?: [none]</tt> (press <b>ENTER</b>)
+         <br><tt>Should we write new partition table? [n] <b><u>y</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt># <b><u>disklabel -I -i wd0</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>a</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Filesystem type [?] [unused]: <b><u>4.2BSD</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>1c</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>900M</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>b</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Filesystem type [?] [unused]: <b><u>swap</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>a</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>$</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>W</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>Label disk [n]? <b><u>y</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt>partition&gt; <b><u>Q</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt># <b><u>newfs wd0a</u></b></tt>
+         <br><tt># <b><u>sysinst</u></b></tt>
+         <br>Choose to install onto <b>wd0</b>. Choose
+                 "<tt>a: Edit the MBR partition table</tt>"
+                 when presented with that option.
+         <br>Choose the 'a' partition/slice,
+                 set the 'e' ("active") and 'f' ("install") fields to <b>Yes</b>,
+                 and then choose "<tt>x: Partition table OK</tt>".
+         <br>Choose "<tt>b: Use existing partition sizes</tt>" in the next
+                 menu.
+         <br>Select partition 'a' and press ENTER. Set field 'k' (mount point)
+                 to '<tt><b>/</b></tt>'.
+         <br>Get out of the partitioner by selecting
+                 "<tt>x: Partition sizes ok</tt>" twice.
+         <br>At "<tt>Write outside MBR partition? [n]:</tt>", just press
+                 <b>ENTER</b>.
+         <br>Install from CD-ROM, device <b>wd1c</b>.
+ </ol>
+ <p>If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
+ Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>When asked which the root device is, type <tt><b>wd0</b></tt> and
+ just press ENTER to select the default values for dump device, file
+ system type, and init path.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdmacppcinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/macppc:</h3>
+ It is possible to install and run <a
+ href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/macppc/">NetBSD/macppc</a> in GXemul on
+ an emulated generic PowerPC machine. No specific Machintosh model is
+ emulated, but it is enough to for NetBSD to recognize it.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20070318-netbsd-macppc.png"><img src="20070318-netbsd-macppc_small.png"></a>
+ <p>To install NetBSD/macppc onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
+ <p>
+ <ol start="1">
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that you will install NetBSD/macppc onto:<pre>
+     <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_macppc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/macppc 3.1 ISO image and a generic kernel:<pre>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/macppccd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/macppccd-3.1.iso</a>
+     <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/macppc/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/macppc/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
+     <b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img -d b:macppccd-3.1.iso -j macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+         and continue as you would do when installing NetBSD on a real
+         machine.
+   <p>
+   <li>Before turning the emulated machine off, quit the NetBSD installer
+         and execute the following commands:<pre>
+         <b>cd /; mount /dev/wd0a /mnt
+         echo 'console "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" vt100 on secure' > /mnt/etc/ttys
+         echo 'rc_configured=YES' >> /mnt/etc/rc.conf
+         umount /mnt; sync
+         reboot</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p>If everything worked, NetBSD/macppc should now be installed on
+ the disk image.
+ <p>Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>If asked about <tt>root device</tt>, enter <tt><b>wd0</b></tt>.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdpmppc"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/pmppc:</h3>
+ <p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/pmppc/">NetBSD/pmppc</a> can
+ run in GXemul on an emulated Artesyn PM/PPC board. Currently, no SCSI or other
+ disk controller is emulated for this machine type, but it is possible to run
+ NetBSD with root-on-nfs.
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20070616-netbsd-pmppc-diskless.png"><img src="20070616-netbsd-pmppc-diskless_small.png"></a>
+ <p>These setup steps will let you run NetBSD/pmppc with root-on-nfs:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
+         This needs to have a 750 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
+         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.1 from CDROM</a>.
+         (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
+   <p>
+   <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
+         Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+ </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
+         inside the emulator:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>echo hostname=server &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf
+ echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate
+ echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports
+ echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf
+ printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams
+ echo "bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -d 4 -h 10.0.0.2" &gt;&gt; /etc/inetd.conf
+ cat &gt;&gt; /etc/bootptab
+ client:\
+         :ht=ether:\
+         :ha=102030000010:\
+         :sm=255.0.0.0:\
+         :lg=10.0.0.254:\
+         :ip=10.0.0.1:\
+         :rp=/tftpboot:
+ </b>(press CTRL-D)
+ <b>echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" &gt; /etc/ethers
+ echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts
+ reboot</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <p>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/pmppc CD-ROM iso image, and the GENERIC kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmppccd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmppccd-3.1.iso</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-PMPPC.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-PMPPC.gz</a>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start the DECstation emulation again:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d pmppccd-3.1.iso</b>
+ </pre>and extract the files from the PM/PPC CD-ROM image to the
+         DECstation disk image:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>cd /tftpboot; mount /dev/cd0a /mnt
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcemt]*; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 &gt; /tftpboot/etc/fstab
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
+ echo 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/mygate
+ echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/resolv.conf
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=65536
+ cd /tftpboot/dev; sh MAKEDEV all
+ cd /; umount /mnt; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <p>
+   <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <font color="#2020cf">!  Configuration file for running NetBSD/pmppc diskless with
+ !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.</font>
+ <b>net(
+         add_remote("localhost:12444")   </b>! the server<b>
+         local_port(12445)               </b>! the client<b>
+ )
+ machine(
+         name("client machine")
+         serial_nr(1)
+         type("pmppc")
+         load("netbsd-PMPPC.gz")</b>
+ )
+ </b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+         ... and another configuration file for the server,
+         <tt>config_server</tt>:
+ <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>net(
+         local_port(12444)               </b>! the server<b>
+         add_remote("localhost:12445")   </b>! the client<b>
+ )
+ machine(
+         name("nfs server")
+         serial_nr(2)
+         type("dec")
+         subtype("5000/200")
+         disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
+ )
+ </b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>It should now be possible to boot NetBSD/pmppc using the NetBSD/pmax
+ nfs server, using the following commands: (NOTE! Execute these two
+ commands in separate xterms!)<pre>
+         <b>gxemul @config_server</b>
+         <b>gxemul @config_client</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
+ run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client machine
+ actually does on the network.
+ <p>When asked for "<tt>root device:</tt>" etc. on the client machine, enter
+ the following values:<pre>
+         root device: <b>tlp0</b>
+         dump device:                            <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         file system (default generic):          <b>(leave blank)</b>
+         ..
+         init path (default /sbin/init):         <b>(leave blank)</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsddreamcast"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/dreamcast:</h3>
+ Moved <a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">here</a>.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="openbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
  <h3>OpenBSD/pmax:</h3>
  Installing <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a> is
  a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax. You should first read the <a
- href="#netbsdinstall">section above</a> on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
+ href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">section above</a> on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
  before continuing here. If you have never installed OpenBSD on any
  architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this. If, on
  the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then this should be no
-Line 838 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
+Line 1394 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
          already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
          to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
          <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
+         <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>      <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator with all three (!) disk images:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -M64 -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
  </pre>
          (If you add <tt>-X</tt>, you will run with the graphical
-Line 860 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
+Line 1417 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
            <li>At the # prompt, do the following:<pre>
          <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b>        (and mark the filesystem as clean)
          <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
+         <b>mkdir /kern</b>
+         <b>mkdir /mnt2</b>
          <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
          <b>./install</b>
-Line 876 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
+Line 1435 
 chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>           &lt;--- ma
          password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
          need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
          the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
  </pre>
  While you are at it, you might want to extract the X11 install sets
  as well, as the installer seems to ignore them too. (Perhaps due to a bug
-Line 910 
 root password, and so on.
+Line 1469 
 root password, and so on.
  Once you have completed the installation procedure, the following command
  will let you boot from the new rootdisk image:
  <pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -M64 -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
  </pre>
  <p>
-Line 929 
 enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are u
+Line 1488 
 enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are u
- <p><br>
- <a name="openbsdarcinstall"></a>
- <h3>OpenBSD/arc:</h3>
- It is possible to install and run OpenBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61
- in the emulator.
- <p>
+ <p><br>
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a name="openbsdcatsinstall"></a>
- <a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/cats:</h3>
- <p>
+ It is possible to install and run
- (You should be aware of the fact that OpenBSD for the ARC platform died at
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">OpenBSD/cats</a>
- release 2.3, so this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD system.
+ in GXemul. Unfortunately, "The OpenBSD/cats port has been discontinued
- See
+ after the 4.0 release." according to
- <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html</a>
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html</a>,
- for more information.)
+ but 4.0 should run fine.
- <p>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- To install OpenBSD/arc onto an emulated harddisk image, follow these
+ <a href="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
- instructions:
+ <p>To install OpenBSD/cats onto an emulated harddisk image,
+ follow these instructions:
  <p>
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1900000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the entire arc directory from the ftp server: (approx. 75 MB)<pre>
+   <li>Download the entire cats directory from the ftp server:<pre>
-         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/</a></b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/bsd .</b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/bsd.rd .</b>
  </pre>
+         (Replace ftp.se.openbsd.org with a server closer to you, for
+         increased download speed.)
+   <p>
    <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
          (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
          already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
          to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
-         <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>mkisofs -allow-lowercase -o openbsd_cats_4.0.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>      <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e pica -X -A -d obsd_arc.img -d b:openbsd_arc_2.3.iso -j 2.3/arc/bsd.rd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img -d openbsd_cats_4.0.iso bsd.rd</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
-         on a real Acer PICA-61. (Answer 'no' when asked if you want to
+         on a real CATS. (Install onto <tt>wd0</tt>, don't configure the
-         configure networking, and then install from CD-ROM.)
+         network, install from CD.)
  </ol>
- <p>
+ <p>(Although it <i>is</i> possible to configure the network, IPv4 address
- Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
+.0.0.1, netmask 255.0.0.0, gateway/default route 10.0.0.254, and
+ nameserver 10.0.0.254, the userland NAT-like networking layer is not
+ stable enough yet to support a full install via ftp.)
+ <p><b>NOTE:</b> Make sure that you <tt>sync</tt> and <tt>reboot</tt>
+ correctly once the installation is finished, or the <tt>/dev</tt> nodes
+ may not have been written correctly to disk.
+ <p>Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
  boot from the harddisk image:
- <p>
- <pre>
-         <b>gxemul -X -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>
- </pre>
+ <p><pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img bsd</b>
+ </pre>
-Line 996 
 boot from the harddisk image:
+Line 1564 
 boot from the harddisk image:
  <p><br>
- <a name="openbsdcatsinstall"></a>
+ <a name="openbsdlandiskinstall"></a>
- <h3>OpenBSD/cats:</h3>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
  It is possible to install and run
- <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">OpenBSD/cats</a>
+ <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/landisk.html">OpenBSD/landisk</a>
  in GXemul.
  <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
+ <a href="20070419-openbsd-landisk.png"><img src="20070419-openbsd-landisk_small.png"></a>
- <p>To install OpenBSD/cats onto an emulated harddisk image,
+ <p>To install OpenBSD/landisk onto an emulated harddisk image,
  follow these instructions:
  <p>
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1900000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_landisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the entire cats directory from the ftp server:<pre>
+   <li>Download the entire landisk directory from the ftp server:<pre>
-         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/cats/">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/cats/</a></b>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.1/landisk/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.1/landisk/</a></b>
-         <b>cp ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/cats/bsd .</b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.1/landisk/bsd .</b>
-         <b>cp ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/cats/bsd.rd .</b>
+         <b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.1/landisk/bsd.rd .</b>
  </pre>
+         (Replace ftp.se.openbsd.org with a server closer to you, for
+         increased download speed.)
+   <p>
    <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
          (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
          already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
          to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
-         <b>mkisofs -allow-lowercase -o openbsd_cats_3.7.iso ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/cats</b>
+         <b>mkisofs -U -o openbsd_landisk_4.1.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+         <b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>      <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
  </pre>
    <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img -d openbsd_cats_3.7.iso bsd.rd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d obsd_landisk.img -d d:openbsd_landisk_4.1.iso bsd.rd</b>
  </pre>
          and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
-         on a real CATS. (Install onto <tt>wd0</tt>, don't configure the
+         on a real landisk. The following hints are useful to get you
-         network, choose to install distribution sets from <i>disk</i>
+         through the installation:
-         <tt>wd1</tt> (i.e. not CDROM) partition '<tt>a</tt>',
+         <ul>
-         relative path '<tt>/</tt>'.)
+           <li>Terminal type = <b>xterm</b>
+           <li>root disk = <b>wd0</b> (the disk to install onto)
+           <li>Use the entire disk for OpenBSD = <b>yes</b>
+           <li>Create one big root partition (a) and a small swap partition (b). c is the entire disk.
+           <li>Do <b>not</b> configure the network. (The Realtek NIC
+                 found in the Landisk machine is not implemented yet
+                 in the emulator.)
+           <li>Location of sets = <b>disk</b>
+           <li>Is the disk partition already mounted = <b>no</b>
+           <li>Disk containing the install media = <b>wd1</b>
+           <li>Pathname to the sets = <b>4.1/landisk</b>
+         </ul>
  </ol>
- <p><b>NOTE:</b> Make sure that you <tt>sync</tt> and <tt>reboot</tt>
- correctly once the installation is finished, or the <tt>/dev</tt> nodes
- may not have been written correctly to disk.
  <p>Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
- boot from the harddisk image:
+ boot from the disk image:
  <p><pre>
-         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img bsd</b>
+         <b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d obsd_landisk.img bsd</b>
  </pre>
+ <p>As with most emulation modes in GXemul, the NIC in this machine is
+ not emulated yet. If you want to transfer files to/from the emulated
+ landisk machine, see
+ <a href="misc.html#filexfer">this chapter</a> in the documentation.
-Line 1064 
 boot from the harddisk image:
+Line 1647 
 boot from the harddisk image:
  <h3>Ultrix/RISC:</h3>
  Ultrix 4.x can run in GXemul on an emulated DECstation 5000/200.
- (Ultrix was the native OS for these machines, but NetBSD/pmax is
+ (Ultrix was the native OS for these machines, but
- also usable.)
+ <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a> is also usable.)
  <p>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.gif"></a>
+ <a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.png"></a>
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a>
+ <a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.png"></a>
  <p>
  The following instructions should let you install Ultrix onto a disk image:
-Line 1086 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1669 
 The following instructions should let yo
          (On FreeBSD and similar systems, it is called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>.
          Replace that with the name of your CDROM drive, or the name of a
          .iso image file.) Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -X -A -M64 -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
  </pre>
    <li>Once the first stage of the installation is done (restoring the root
-Line 1094 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1677 
 The following instructions should let yo
          new rootdisk, to continue the installation process.
          This is done by removing the bootflag ('<tt>b</tt>') from the second
          diskimage argument:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -X -A -M64 -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
-Line 1102 
 The following instructions should let yo
+Line 1685 
 The following instructions should let yo
  <p>
  When the installation is completed, the following command should start
  Ultrix from the harddisk image:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -X -A -M64 -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
  </pre>
- <p>Ultrix mostly seems to work with dynamic binary translation (which can
+ <p>If you have a very fast host machine, you might experience a weird
- be disabled by the <b><tt>-B</tt></b> command line option). If you have a
- very fast host machine, and use bintrans, you might experience a weird
  timer related bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is
  triggered when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine
  was capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add
  <b><tt>-I33000000</tt></b> to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million
- instructions per emulated second. (When using <tt><b>-CR4400</b></tt>,
+ instructions per emulated second.
- <b><tt>-I16000000</tt></b> should be used instead.)
- <p>
+ <p>If the workaround above doesn't work, you can also start up other
- You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
+ processes on the host, apart from the emulator, so that the emulator runs
+ more slowly. This is an ugly workaround, but seems to work. Once you have
+ logged in into Ultrix, you can kill the extra processes.
+ <p>You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
  dual-headed workstation) or even <b><tt>-Z3</tt></b> (tripple-headed), and
  also the <b><tt>-Y2</tt></b> option for scaling down the framebuffer
  windows by a factor 2x2.
-Line 1124 
 There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> optio
+Line 1708 
 There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> optio
  displays to use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated
  tripple-headed workstation, on three different displays (<tt>remote1:0.0</tt>,
  <tt>localhost:0.0</tt>, and <tt>remote2:0.0</tt>), using no scaledown:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -M64 -N -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
+         <b>gxemul -N -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
              -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost:0.0 -z remote2:0.0</b>
  </pre>
- <p>
+ <p>The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
- The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
  GXemul on an Alpha 21164PC, with displays on a Sun Ultra1 (to the left),
  on the Alpha itself (in the middle), and on an HP700/RX X-terminal (8-bit
  color depth, running off the Alpha) to the right.
- <p>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead.jpg"><img src="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead_small.jpg"></a>
- <p>
+ <p>The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
- The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
  there is no way yet to set the scaledown factor on a per-window basis, so
  the scaledown factor affects all windows.
- <p>
+ <p>(If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
- (If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
  compiled your own <tt>/vmunix</tt>, then it will not contain support for
  multiple graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel,
  <tt><b>-j genvmunix</b></tt>, whenever you are running the emulator with a
  different setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
- <p>
+ <p>A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
- A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
  to Ultrix, so that is possible to run as well.  If you are unsuccessful
  in installing Ultrix or OSF/1 directly in the emulator, you can always
  install it on your real machine onto a real SCSI disk, and then copy the
-Line 1231 
 start the X11 environment.
+Line 1810 
 start the X11 environment.
  <a name="declinux"></a>
  <h3>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation:</h3>
- <font color="#ef0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
+ It is possible to run Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in the emulator,
- unstable. During my tests, even pressing the wrong key during the install
+ on an emulated 5000/200 ("3max"). However, just choosing any
- (for example the wrong cursor key) can cause a kernel Oops. My success
+ Linux/DECstation kernel at random for the installation will not work.
- rate is probably around 50%.</font>
+ <p><ul>
- <p><font color="#ef0000">I <i>think</i> this has to do with interrupts
+   <li>Linux 2.4/DECstation DZ serial console output doesn't work too well in
- from the serial controller. Hopefully using the <tt><b>-U</b></tt> command
+         GXemul. Linux oopses randomly, which may be due to bugs in GXemul,
- line option will reduce the risk for such crashes. (I haven't had time to
+         but may also be due to bugs in the serial controller code in Linux.
- come up with a clean solution to this yet; it feels like a buffer overflow
+         (The speed at which serial interrupts are generated can be
- in Linux' serial driver for the 5000/200, but it is also likely that it is
+         lowered with the <tt>-U</tt> command line option, but it only
- a bug in GXemul.)</font>
+         reduces the risk, it doesn't take away the oopses completely.)
+   <li>The Linux 2.6/DECstation DZ serial console driver doesn't work at
+         all in the emulator, and I'm not really sure it would work on a
+         real 5000/200 either. Hopefully this will be fixed in Linux in
+         the future.
+   <li>To get around the serial console problem, the obvious solution is to
+         use a graphical framebuffer instead. Old Debian install kernels
+         supported the graphical framebuffer on the 3max, but not the
+         keyboard. (This has been fixed now, it seems.)
+   <li>For quite some time, the MIPS linux cvs tree has had support for the
+         framebuffer and keyboard, but it did not include Debian's
+         patches for networking, which made it unusable for network
+         installs. (Possibly fixed now.)
+   <li>The kernel has to be for 5000/200. This rules out using
+         the default kernel on netinst ISO images provided by Debian.
+         These ISO images boot directly into a kernel which is meant
+         for a different DECstation model.
+   <li>The kernel has to have an initrd which more or less matches the
+         version of Debian that will be installed.
+ </ul>
- <p><font color="#ef0000">Everything runs extremely slow. Even if you have
+ <p>Luckily, a precompiled install kernel has been made available by David
- a very fast host machine, an install attempt can still take several hours!
+ Muse, for Debian for R3000 DECstations, which has support for framebuffer,
- </font>
+ keyboard, and networking, which works pretty well. Thanks David. :-)
- <p>
+ <p>The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ DECstation onto a harddisk image in the emulator:
- <a href="20041212-debian_1.png"><img src="20041212-debian_1_small.gif"></a>
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20041212-debian_2.png"><img src="20041212-debian_2_small.gif"></a>
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20041213-debian_3.png"><img src="20041213-debian_3_small.gif"></a>
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- <a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a>
- <p>
- The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation
- onto a harddisk image:
  <p>
  <ol>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
          that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=6000000</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download an install kernel:<pre>
+   <li>Download David Muse' install kernel, and a Debian Netinstall CD-ROM:<pre>
-         <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/</a>
+         <a href="http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31">http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31</a>
-             <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
+         <a href="http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/3.1_r0a/mipsel/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso">http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/3.1_r0a/mipsel/iso-cd/debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso</a>
  </pre>
-   <p>
+         <font color="#ff0000"><b>NOTE 2007-04-14:</b></font> It seems that the ISO image
-   <li>For a text-mode installation, start the emulator like this:<pre>
+         has been removed from the cdimage site. You may need to search
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img -O boot.img</b>
+         for it elsewhere. Alternatively, you can follow Michel Lespinasse's instructions at
+         <a href="http://people.zoy.org/~walken/gxemul-etch/HOWTO.html">http://people.zoy.org/~walken/gxemul-etch/HOWTO.html</a>.
- </pre>
-         (If you want to, you can try <b><tt>-X</tt></b> instead of
-         <b><tt>-o 'console=ttyS3'</tt></b> on the command line. This will
-         cause Linux to use the graphical framebuffer. Unfortunately, Linux
-         does not seem to have a driver for the DZ11 keyboard controller yet,
-         so you cannot interact with the system. You will see the penguin in
-         the upper lefthand corner while booting, and nicely rendered Unicode
-         characters, but that's about it.)
-         <p>
-         You need to enter some values during the installation procedure, for
-         example network settings. The following should work:<pre>
-         DHCP:                       No, choose "<b>Configure network manually</b>"
-         IP address:                 <b>10.0.0.1</b>
-         Netmask:                    <b>255.0.0.0</b>
-         Gateway:                    <b>10.0.0.254</b>
-         Name server addresses:      <b>10.0.0.254</b>
- </pre>
-   <li>Once the first phase of the install has finished, the following command
-         should let you boot into Debian, and perform post-install
-         configuration:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
- </pre>Note: All these steps take a lot of time, so you will have plenty
+         <p><font color="#ff0000"><b>NOTE 2007-05-05:</b></font> John Reiser has been kind enough to
-         of time to drink lots of cups of coffee.
+         place a copy of debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso <a href="http://bitwagon.com/ftp/debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso">here</a>.
    <p>
-   <li>It seems that there's a problem with getting a login prompt on serial
+   <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
-         console (at least when I've done test installs), so when the
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -d debian_pmax.img -d debian-31r0a-mipsel-netinst.iso vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
-         installation is finished and you're supposed to get a login prompt,
-         you need to press CTRL-C and type <b><tt>quit</tt></b>, and then:
-         download a normal kernel (<i>not</i> a RAMDISK kernel):<pre>
-         <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/</a>
-             <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
- </pre>and boot Debian using the following command line:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o \
-             'console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh' \
-             -d debian.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
- </pre>
-         You'll enter single-user mode. You need to add a line to
-         /etc/inittab, to enable logins via serial console.<pre>
-         sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'T3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS3 9600 vt100' >> /etc/inittab</b>
-         sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'ttyS3' >> /etc/securetty</b>
-         sh-2.05b# <b>sync; umount /</b>
-         sh-2.05b# <b>halt</b>
  </pre>
- </ol>
- <p>
+         <p>If everything goes well, you will see Linux' boot messages, and then
- The system should now be ready for everyday use.
+         arrive at the language chooser.
  <p>
- Use this command to boot from the completely installed disk image:<pre>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-1.png"><img src="debian-1-small.png"></a>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-2.png"><img src="debian-2-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-3.png"><img src="debian-3-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-4.png"><img src="debian-4-small.png"></a>
- </pre>
+         <p>There will be a warning about the keyboard
+         layout. Don't mind this. Continue, and then select <b>Detect
+         and mount CD-ROM</b> in the next menu.
  <p>
- [&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-19:</font>&nbsp;
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-5.png"><img src="debian-5-small.png"></a>
- Kaj-Michael Lang noticed that the current CVS-version of
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-6.png"><img src="debian-6-small.png"></a>
- <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a> has
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-7.png"><img src="debian-7-small.png"></a>
- support for keyboards now, on DECstation 5000/200, so it is
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-8.png"><img src="debian-8-small.png"></a>
- possible to run Debian GNU/Linux with framebuffer/keyboard.
- (Add <b><tt>-X</tt></b> (or <b><tt>-XY2</tt></b>) and remove the
- <b><tt>console=ttyS3</tt></b> option.) He has made a kernel available here:
- <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
- It has other problems (ethernet doesn't seem to work, for
- example), but at least it doesn't Oops that often.&nbsp;]
+         <p>
+         There will also be a warning about lack of loadable modules. Don't
+         mind this either, continue anyway by choosing <b>Yes</b>.
+         <p>
+         When you reach the network configuration part of the install, choose
+         <b>Configure network manually</b> and enter the following values:<pre>
+         IP address:                 <b>10.0.0.1</b>
+         Netmask:                    <b>255.0.0.0</b>
+         Gateway:                    <b>10.0.0.254</b>
+         Name server addresses:      <b>10.0.0.254</b>
+ </pre>
+         <p>Choose <b>Erase entire disk</b> in the partitioner.
+         <p>Wait for the base system to be installed. This takes almost forever,
+         so you can go fetch several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolt_Cola">Jolts</a>
+         or cups of coffee in the meanwhile.
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-9.png"><img src="debian-9-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-10.png"><img src="debian-10-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-11.png"><img src="debian-11-small.png"></a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-12.png"><img src="debian-12-small.png"></a>
- <p><br>
+         <p>Congratulations! The first phase of the installation is now completed.
- <a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
+         Reboot using the following command line:<pre>
- <h3>Redhat Linux for DECstation:</h3>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
- <font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
+ </pre>
- unstable. Read the note about <b><tt>-U</tt></b> in the section on how to
+         <p>The post-install step takes quite some time as well. A perfect opportunity
- install Debian.
+         for more coffee.
- </font>
- <p>
+         <p>When asked about whether the hardware clock is set to GMT or
- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+         not, answer Yes.
- <a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a>
- <p>
+         <p>When asked about "Apt configuration", choose <b>http</b> as the method
- The following steps should let you run Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:
+         to use for accessing the Debian archive.
  <p>
- <ol>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-13.png"><img src="debian-13-small.png"></a>
-   <li>Download a kernel. This is a Debian kernel, but it works fine:<pre>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-14.png"><img src="debian-14-small.png"></a>
-         <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/</a>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="debian-15.png"><img src="debian-15-small.png"></a>
-             <a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>
- </pre>
+         <p>Downloading the packages takes almost forever. Be patient.
-   <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/</a>
-          <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
-         19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
- </pre>
+         <p>Congratulations (again)! You are now fully done with the installation.
-   <li>This is the tricky part: Create an ext2 filesystem image called redhat.img using
-         the filesystem tree you just downloaded. The disk image should have a MS-DOS
-         partition table (!), and then one or more ext2 partitions.
-         (Use loopback mount, or similar. This is probably easiest to do on a Linux host.)
-         However, in order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
-         Change<pre>
-         /dev/root               /               nfs     defaults        1 1
-         #/dev/sdc1              /               ext2    defaults        1 1
-         none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
-         none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0
- </pre>to<pre>
-         #/dev/root              /               nfs     defaults        1 1
-         /dev/sda1               /               ext2    defaults        1 1
-         none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
-         none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0
- </pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
-   <p>
-   <li>To boot Linux, start the emulator like this:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -M128 -o \
-             "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
- </pre>
  </ol>
- <p>
+ <p><br>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation is now installed and ready to be used.
- If you need to boot into single user mode, try the following:<pre>
+ Use this command to boot from the installed disk image:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -U -o "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh" \
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
-             -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>
  </pre>
- <p>Redhat Linux on DECstation in R3000 mode should work fine with dynamic
- binary translation, but if things are buggy, it can be disabled by
- using the <b><tt>-B</tt></b> command line option.
- <p>
- NOTE: You can add <b>-X</b> and remove <b>console=ttyS3</b> from the command
- line, if you want to use a graphical framebuffer. Unfortunately, Linux
- doesn't have support for keyboards on DECstation 5000/200 yet, so you cannot
- actually interact with the sytem. :-(
- <p>
- [&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-22:</font>&nbsp;
- Read the 2005-01-19 update in the Debian section above, and then, if
- you do not need ethernet support, try Kaj-Michael Lang's kernel compiled
- from <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a>' CVS.
- <a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
- It should work with framebuffer/keyboard.&nbsp;]
-Line 1470 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
+Line 1986 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Compile gxemul with cache emulation: (<b>NOTE: --enable-caches</b>)<pre>
-         <b>./configure --enable-caches; make</b>
- </pre>
    <li>Download the pmax binary distribution for Mach 3.0:<pre>
          <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/</a>
              <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
-Line 1502 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
+Line 2014 
 for DECstation in the emulator:
          cd /; sync; umount /mnt</i>)
          <p>
    <li>Start the emulator with the following command:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
+         <b>gxemul -c 'put w 0x800990e0, 0' -c 'put w 0x80099144, 0' \
+             -c 'put w 0x8004aae8, 0' -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
              pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>
  </pre>
  </ol>
+ <p>Earlier versions of GXemul had a configure option to enable better
+ R3000 cache emulation, but since Mach was more or less the only thing that
+ used it, I removed it. Today's version of GXemul can thus not boot
+ mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY straight off, it has to be patched to skip the
+ cache detection.
+ <p>The -c commands above patch the kernel to get past the cache detection.
+ Thanks to Artur Bujdoso for these values.
+ <p>TODO: Better instructions on how to create the old-style UFS disk
+ image.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
+ <h3>Redhat Linux for DECstation:</h3>
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a>
+ <p>
+ The following steps should let you run Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a kernel. David Muse' Debian-install kernel works fine:<pre>
+         <a href="http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31">http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31</a>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
+         19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
+ </pre>
+   <li>Create a disk image which will contain the Redhat filesystem:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=redhat_mips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
+ </pre>
+ <!--
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/stdout bs=1024 count=200 >> mipsel-root-20011216.tgz
+ gxemul -XY2 -e3max -d redhat_mips.img -d mipsel-root-20011216.tgz vmlinux-2.4.31
+ In the three dialogs, choose English, United States, and Continue.
+ Then choose Execute a shell.
+ tar xfvz /dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target1/lun0/disc sbin/mke2fs sbin/fdisk
+ fdisk
+ -->
+   <li>This is the tricky part: on redhat_mips.img, you need to create an MS-DOS
+         (!) partition table, and then an ext2 partition. This is what Linux
+         will then see as /dev/sda1.
+         <p>I recommend you run fdisk and mke2fs and untar the archive from within
+         Debian/DECstation or <a href="#debiancats">Debian/CATS</a> running
+         inside the emulator. (Alternatively, if you are on a Linux host,
+         you could use a loopback mount, or similar. This might require
+         root access. See e.g.
+         <a href="http://www.mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/index.php/Disk%20Images%20Under%20Linux">http://www.mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/index.php/Disk%20Images%20Under%20Linux</a>.)
+         <p>
+         In order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
+         Change<pre>
+         /dev/root               /               nfs     defaults        1 1
+         #/dev/sdc1              /               ext2    defaults        1 1
+         none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
+         none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0
+ </pre>to<pre>
+         #/dev/root              /               nfs     defaults        1 1
+         /dev/sda1               /               ext2    defaults        1 1
+         none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
+         none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0
+ </pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
+ </ol>
+ <p>To boot Redhat linux from the disk image, use the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e3max -o "root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat_mips.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
+ </pre>
+ If you need to boot into single user mode, change options to
+ <tt><b>-o "root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh"</b></tt>.
-Line 1533 
 it works.</font>
+Line 2135 
 it works.</font>
  mailed Adaptec several times, asking for documentation, but never received
  any reply.) OpenBSD/sgi can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't
  use SCSI. For a simple test with the ramdisk (install) kernel, try dowloading<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/sgi/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/sgi</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/sgi/bsd.rd">bsd.rd</a>
- </pre>and run <b><tt>gxemul -e o2 bsd.rd</tt></b>.
+ </pre>and run <b><tt>gxemul -xeo2 bsd.rd</tt></b>.
  <p>It might also be possible to netboot. Another emulated machine must
  then be used as the nfs root server, and the emulated O2 machine must boot
-Line 1546 
 client. Performing this setup is quite t
+Line 2148 
 client. Performing this setup is quite t
  <ol>
    <li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
          This needs to have a 800 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
-         <a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 from CDROM</a>.
+         <a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.1 from CDROM</a>.
          (Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
    <p>
    <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
          Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
+         <b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
  </pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
          inside the emulator:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
-Line 1575 
 reboot</b>
+Line 2177 
 reboot</b>
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
  <b>cd /tftpboot; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
  (log in as anonymous...)
- <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi
+ <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/4.0/sgi
- mget b*tgz c* e* g* m*
+ mget b*tgz c*tgz e* g* m*
  quit
  sh
  for a in *.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
-Line 1586 
 dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32
+Line 2188 
 dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=32
  halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
    <li>Download the OpenBSD/sgi GENERIC and RAMDISK kernels:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd</a>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/sgi/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/sgi/bsd</a>
-         MD5 (bsd) = f16eaf3dcbd51876db7c25f70e6d8a08
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
-         MD5 (bsd.rd) = 4843e6139d8dd04b03d5f0e33e9a4f7b
  </pre>
    <li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
+ <font color="#2020cf">!  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
- !
- !  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
  !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
  !
  !  This config file is for the client.</font>
- <b>emul(
+ <b>net(
-     net(
          add_remote("localhost:12444")   </b>! the server<b>
          local_port(12445)               </b>! the client<b>
-     )
+ )
-     machine(
+ machine(
          name("client machine")
          serial_nr(1)
-Line 1616 
 halt</b>
+Line 2213 
 halt</b>
          </b>! load("bsd")<b>
          load("bsd.rd")
-     )
+ )
- )</b>
+ </b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
          ... and another configuration file for the server,
          <tt>config_server</tt>:
  <table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul</font>
+ <b>net(
- <b>emul(
-     net(
          local_port(12444)               </b>! the server<b>
          add_remote("localhost:12445")   </b>! the client<b>
-     )
+ )
-     machine(
+ machine(
          name("nfs server")
          serial_nr(2)
-Line 1637 
 halt</b>
+Line 2232 
 halt</b>
          subtype("5000/200")
          disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
-     )
+ )
- )</b>
+ </b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
    <li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the OpenBSD/sgi
          "<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
-Line 1695 
 fetch several cups of coffee for each of
+Line 2290 
 fetch several cups of coffee for each of
  <p><br>
- <a name="netbsdnetwinderinstall"></a>
+ <a name="openbsdarcinstall"></a>
- <h3>NetBSD/netwinder:</h3>
+ <h3>OpenBSD/arc:</h3>
- <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/netwinder/">NetBSD/netwinder</a>
+ It is (almost) possible to install and run OpenBSD/arc on an emulated Acer
- could possibly run in GXemul. <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
+ PICA-61 in the emulator.
- <p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
+ <p><font color="#e00000">Earlier, I had this guest OS listed as
- kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk
+ officially working in the emulator, but for several reasons, it has
- image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
+ been moved down here to the "informative-but-not-really-working"
+ section.</font>
  <p>
- The following instructions will let you install the NetBSD/netwinder
+ <ul>
- distribution onto a disk image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
+   <li>The last OpenBSD/arc release was 2.3. This means that it is very
+         old, it would not give a fair picture of what OpenBSD is (if you
+         are just looking to find out what it is like), and it is not
+         worth experimenting with it. See
+         <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html</a>
+         for more information.
+   <li>OpenBSD/arc was (if I understood things correctly) never really
+         stable, even on real hardare. Problems with too small an interrupt
+         stack. Bugs are triggered in the emulator that have to do with
+         issues such as this.
+ </ul>
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
+ <p>
+ <font color="#e00000">Currently, I don't test for every release whether
+ or not OpenBSD/arc can be installed. Releases prior to 0.3.7
+ (but probably <i>not</i> 0.3.7) should work. Anyway, here are the
+ old installation instructions:</font>
+ <p>To install OpenBSD/arc onto an emulated harddisk image, follow these
+ instructions:
  <p>
  <ol>
-   <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0.2 according to instructions
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
-         <a href="#netbsdinstall">further up on this page</a>.
+         that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the entire arc directory from the ftp server: (approx. 75 MB)<pre>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
+         (I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
+         already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
+         to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
+         <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -e pica -X -d obsd_arc.img -d b:openbsd_arc_2.3.iso -j 2.3/arc/bsd.rd</b>
+ </pre>
+         and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
+         on a real Acer PICA-61. (Answer 'no' when asked if you want to
+         configure networking, and then install from CD-ROM.)
+ </ol>
+ <p>
+ Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
+ boot from the harddisk image:
+ <p>
+ <pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>
+ </pre>
+ The system is very sensitive to (I think) kernel stack overflow, so it
+ crashes easily. If I remember correctly from mailing lists, this also
+ happened on real hardware.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="debiancats"></a>
+ <h3>Debian GNU/Linux for CATS:</h3>
+ Debian GNU/Linux for CATS (ARM) could <i>theoretically</i> run in GXemul,
+ however:
+ <ul>
+   <li>The DEC 21143 NIC is not emulated well enough for Linux to accept it.
+   <li>Development of Debian for CATS seems to have died? The latest
+         install kernel is quite old.
+ </ul>
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
+ <p>The following installation instructions would theoretically work:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3300000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download the tftpboot install kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/oldstable/main/disks-arm/current/cats/tftpboot.img">http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/oldstable/main/disks-arm/current/cats/tftpboot.img</a>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start the installation using the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d debian_cats.img tftpboot.img</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p>It doesn't work, though, because the NIC isn't working well enough.
+ <p>The only use of Debian/CATS in the emulator right now is as a way to
+ manipulate Linux disk images, if you are on a non-Linux host. By choosing
+ "Execute a shell" in the installer's menu, you can have access to tools such as
+ fdisk and mke2fs, which are useful for creating Linux paritions on disk images.
+ <!--
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="linux_malta"></a>
+ <h3>Linux/Malta:</h3>
+ <p>The Malta emulation mode is best suited for running <a
+ href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>, however, it is possible
+ to experiment with Linux/Malta as well.
+ <p>The general idea behind Linux/Malta seems to be that the end user
+ always compiles his/her own kernel, applies patches, downloads
+ userland separately, etc. For that reason, Linux/Malta support in the
+ emulator is not tested for every release (sometimes it works, sometimes it
+ doesn't work), and these instructions are kind of "fuzzy".
+ <p><ol start="1">
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
+         that Linux/Malta will be installed onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=linux.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=5000000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Download a MIPS root filesystem tree:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
+         19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
+ </pre>
+         This is an old Redhat tree from 2001, but it seems to almost work.
+   <p>
+   <li>Download one precompiled Malta kernel, with ramdisk,
+         and one without ramdisk (which will be used later on
+         when booting from disk):<pre>
+         TODO
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start the emulator with the ramdisk kernel, create a MS-DOS style
+         MBR on the disk, create the filesystem, and extract the
+         userland files:<pre>
+         <b>gunzip vmlinux_2.*
+         gunzip mipsel-root-20011216.tar
+         gxemul -xemalta -d linux.img -d mipsel-root-20011216.tar vmlinux_2.4.33.2-ide-pci-ramdisk.elf</b>
+         Inside GXemul: Log in as root and execute the following commands:
+         <b>fdisk /dev/hda</b>
+         (enter suitable commands, e.g. <b>n, p, 1, 1, 9921, w</b>)
+         <b>mkfs /dev/hda1
+         mount /dev/hda1 /mnt
+         cd /mnt; tar -xf /dev/hdb; cd ..
+         umount /mnt; sync; reboot</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p>It should now be possible to boot from the disk image, using the
+ following command:
+ <p><pre>
+ <b>     gxemul -xemalta -d linux.img -o "root=/dev/hda1 rw" vmlinux_2.6.18-rc4-ide-pci-novty.elf</b>
+ </pre>
+ <p>There's a slight problem with this specific Redhat tree, so when you
+ see the message "Configuring kernel parameters:  [  OK  ]", press CTRL-C
+ once.
+ -->
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="linux_qemu_mips"></a>
+ <h3>Linux/QEMU_MIPS:</h3>
+ I've added a machine mode which emulates the MIPS machine mode used
+ in Fabrice Bellard's <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/">QEMU</a>.
+ Starting with QEMU 0.9.0, there are other MIPS modes in QEMU (i.e. Malta);
+ the QEMU_MIPS mode in GXemul refers to the old QEMU-specific MIPS machine.
+ <p>The following steps should let you boot into the Linux/QEMU_MIPS
+ kernel, in way similar to the <tt>run-qemu</tt> script:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download the archive from
+         <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/download.html">http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/download.html</a> and extract it:<pre>
+         <b>wget <a href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/mips-test-0.2.tar.gz">http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/mips-test-0.2.tar.gz</a>
+         tar zxvf mips-test-0.2.tar.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Start GXemul using the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -E qemu_mips -x -M 128 -o 'console=ttyS0
+                 rd_start=0x80800000 rd_size=10000000 init=/bin/sh'
+x80800000:mips-test/initrd.gz mips-test/vmlinux-2.6.18-3-qemu</b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="windows_nt_mips"></a>
+ <h3>Windows NT/MIPS:</h3>
+ Old versions of Windows NT could run on MIPS hardware, e.g.
+ the PICA 61. It is theoretically possible that the emulation provided by
+ GXemul some day could be stable/complete enough to emulate
+ such hardware well enough to fool Windows NT into thinking
+ that it is running on a real machine.
+ <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
+ <p>Installation steps similar to these would be required to install
+ Windows NT onto a disk image:
+ <ol>
+         <li>Put a "Windows NT 4.0 for MIPS" CDROM (or similar) into
+                 your CDROM drive. (On FreeBSD systems, it is
+                 usually called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt> or similar. Change
+                 that to whatever the CDROM is called on your system,
+                 or the name of a raw .iso image. I have tried this
+                 with the Swedish version, but it might work with
+                 other versions too.)
+         <p>
+         <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
+                 that you will install Windows NT onto:<pre>
+         <b><tt>dd if=/dev/zero of=winnt_test.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</tt></b>
+ </pre>
+         <li>Run the ARC installer, to partition the disk image:<pre>
+         <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\ARCINST</tt></b>
+ </pre>
+         Note that <tt>ARCINST</tt> <i>almost</i> works, but not quite.
+         <p>
+         <li>Run the SETUP program:<pre>
+         <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\SETUPLDR</tt></b>
+ </pre>
+ </ol>
+ <p><tt>SETUPLDR</tt> manages to load some drivers from the cdrom,
+ but then it crashes because of incomplete emulation of some hardware devices.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdbeboxinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/bebox:</h3>
+ There is an old snapshot of
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/bebox/">NetBSD/bebox</a>
+ from 1998-11-19 available at NetBSD's ftp server. NetBSD/bebox
+ could theoretically run in GXemul.
+ <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK RIGHT NOW!</font>
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/bebox onto a
+ disk image, using a NetBSD/prep kernel temporarily during the install:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/prep 2.1 install ramdisk kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
+ </pre>
    <p>
    <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
          that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
-         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_netwinder.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_bebox.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Download the NetBSD/bebox snapshot, and create a suitable .iso
+         image of the files:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/</a>
+ mv ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/kern.tgz .
+ tar zxvf kern.tgz
+ rm -f kern.tgz
+ mkisofs -o netbsd-bebox-19981119.iso ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+   <p>
+   <li>Now let's extract the files onto the Bebox disk image. Start NetBSD/prep
+         with the following command line:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -x -e ibm6050 -d d:netbsd-bebox-19981119.iso -d nbsd_bebox.img netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>Choose (S) for Shell, and execute the following commands:
+ <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
+ <b>disklabel -I -i wd1
+ a
+.2BSD
+c
+M
+ b
+ swap
+ a
+M
+ W
+ y
+ Q
+ newfs /dev/wd1a
+ mount_cd9660 /dev/wd0c /mnt
+ mount /dev/wd1a /mnt2
+ cd mnt2
+ for a in /mnt/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
+ echo rc_configured=YES &gt;&gt; rc.conf
+ echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" &gt; fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" &gt;&gt; fstab
+ cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
+ sync; halt</b>
+ </pre></td></tr></table>
+ </ol>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/bebox using this command:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -X -E bebox -d nbsd_bebox.img netbsd</b>
  </pre>
-   <li>Download the generic kernel and the 2.0.2 ISO image:<pre>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
-         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/netwindercd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0.2/netwindercd.iso</a>
+ <p>When asked for the root device, enter <b><tt>wd0a</tt></b>.
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET</font>, there are
+ errors while uncompressing the tgz files, and the machine crashes when
+ trying to run /sbin/init.
+ <p><br>
+ <a name="netbsdlandiskinstall"></a>
+ <h3>NetBSD/landisk:</h3>
+ <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/landisk/">NetBSD/landisk</a> can
+ run in GXemul.
+ <p><font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is still too
+ unstable to be considered really working! Snapshots from April 2007
+ or so will probably not work, unless an #if 0 is changed to
+ #if 1 in the implementation of the 'LDC Rm,SR' instruction
+ (in src/cpus/cpu_sh_instr.c).</font>
+ <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ <a href="20070224-netbsd-landisk.png"><img src="20070224-netbsd-landisk_small.png"></a>
+ <p>At the time of writing this, there are not yet any formal releases
+ of NetBSD/landisk, only daily snapshot builds.
+ <p>The NetBSD/landisk distribution does not include any INSTALL kernel,
+ so it must be installed using another (emulated) machine.
+ <p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/landisk onto a disk
+ image, using an emulated CATS machine:
+ <p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>Download a NetBSD/cats install kernel:<pre>
+         <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
  </pre>
    <p>
-   <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
+   <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
-         <b>gxemul -e 3max -A -d nbsd_pmax.img -d nbsd_netwinder.img -d netwinder.iso</b>
+         that you will install NetBSD/landisk onto:<pre>
+         <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_landisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
- </pre>and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Download the latest netbsd-4 (pre-release) snapshot, and make an iso image
+         of it: (replace 200704110002Z with whatever is the latest one)<pre>
+         <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-4/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-4/</a>200704110002Z/landisk
+         mkisofs -U -o landisk.iso ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-4/*</b>
+ </pre>
+   <p>
+   <li>Start the emulated CATS machine like this:<pre>
+         <b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_landisk.img -d landisk.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
+ </pre>
+   <li>Exit the installer, then execute the following commands:
  <p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td><pre>
- <b>newfs /dev/sd1c
+ <b>disklabel -i -I wd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
+     '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
+ <b>newfs /dev/wd0a
  mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
- mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2
+ mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/wd0a /mnt2
  cd /mnt2; sh
- for a in /mnt/netwinder/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
+ for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
  exit
  cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
  echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
- echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
+ echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" >> fstab
  cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
  </pre></td></tr></table>
  </ol>
- <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbmips using this command:<pre>
+ <p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/landisk using this command:<pre>
-         <b>gxemul -E netwinder -d nbsd_netwinder.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
+         <b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d nbsd_landisk.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
  </pre>
- <p>Note: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
- <i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
- swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
- generic kernel:<pre>
-         root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
-         dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
-         file system (default generic):    <i>(just press enter)</i>
-         init path (default /sbin/init):   <i>(just press enter)</i>
- </pre>

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