trunk/doc/guestoses.html

<html>
<head><title>GXemul documentation: Installing and running "guest OSes"</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
<table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
<td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
<td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
<b>GXemul documentation:</b></font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Installing and running "guest OSes"</b>
</font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
<!-- The first 10 lines are cut away by the homepage updating script.  -->


<!--

$Id: guestoses.html,v 1.35 2005/04/27 15:32:40 debug Exp $

Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.

-->

<a href="./">Back to the index</a>

<p><br>
<h2>Installing and running "guest OSes"</h2>

<p>
<ul>
  <li><a href="#generalnotes">General notes on running "guest OSes"</a>
  <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">Installing NetBSD/pmax in GXemul</a>
  <li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">Installing NetBSD/arc in GXemul</a>
  <li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">Installing NetBSD/hpcmips in GXemul</a>
  <li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">Installing NetBSD/cobalt in GXemul</a>
<!--
  <li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">Running NetBSD/sgimips in GXemul</a>
-->
  <li><a href="#openbsdinstall">Installing OpenBSD/pmax in GXemul</a>
  <li><a href="#openbsdarcinstall">Installing OpenBSD/arc in GXemul</a>
<!--
  <li><a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">Running OpenBSD/sgi in GXemul</a>
-->
  <li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Installing Ultrix/RISC in GXemul</a>
  <li><a href="#sprite">Running Sprite for DECstation in GXemul</a>
  <li><a href="#declinux">Installing Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in GXemul</a>
  <li><a href="#declinuxredhat">Running Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul</a>
  <li><a href="#mach">Running Mach/PMAX in GXemul</a>
</ul>


<p><br>
<a name="generalnotes"></a>
<h3>General notes on running "guest OSes":</h3>

The emulator works well enough to run complete operating systems. These 
are often refered to as "guest" operating systems.

<p>
Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
system, the harddisk image looks and acts like a real disk.


<p><br>
<a name="netbsdinstall"></a>
<h3>Installing NetBSD/pmax in GXemul:</h3>

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="netbsd-pmax-20040630.png"><img src="netbsd-pmax-20040630_small.png"></a>

<p>
To install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image in the emulator, follow these
instructions:

<p>
<ol start="1">
  <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
        that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
        $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=1900000000</b>

</pre>
</ol>

<p>
From this point, there are two separate ways to continue the installation.
You can either download a CD-ROM iso image (and let the installation 
program copy files from the CD-ROM image to the harddisk image), or you 
can install via ftp. For an installation from a CD-ROM image, follow these 
steps:
<p>
<ol start="2">

  <li>Download a NetBSD CD-ROM iso image:<pre>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/pmaxcd.iso</a>
        or
        <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/pmaxcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/pmaxcd.iso</a>

</pre>
  <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d bc:pmaxcd.iso</b>
</pre>
</ol>
<p>
For an ftp install, substitute steps 2 and 3 above with these:
<p>
<ol start="2">

  <li>Download a NetBSD pmax INSTALL kernel, and gunzip it:<pre>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
        or
        <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>

        $ <b>gunzip netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>

</pre>
  <li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -O netbsd-INSTALL</b>
</pre>
</ol>

<p>
(If you don't want to use a graphical framebuffer during the install,
you can remove <b>-X</b> from the command line, but then make sure you
choose 'vt100' when prompted with which terminal type to use, and not
'rcons'.)

<p>
Then proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
DECstation. If you are installing from the network, then suitable networking 
parameters are as follows:<pre>
        Which device shall I use? [le0]: <b>le0</b>
        ..
        Your DNS domain: <b>mydomain.com</b>
        Your host name: <b>foo</b>
        Your IPv4 number: <b>10.0.0.1</b>
        IPv4 Netmask [0xff000000]: <b>0xff000000</b>
        IPv4 gateway: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
        IPv4 name server: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
</pre>

<p>
(If using 10.0.0.254 as the nameserver fails, then try entering the
IP number of a real-world nameserver instead.)

<p>
When the installation is completed, the following command should start
NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
</pre>

<p>
Use <b>startx</b> to start X windows.

<p>
<font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</font> For some reason, NetBSD 2.0 doesn't
work with X out-of-the-box on pmax. It seems that this has to do with a 
switch to WSCONS. For now, if you want X, then try NetBSD 1.6.2.

<p>
If you want to run without the X framebuffer, use this instead:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
</pre>


<p><br>
<a name="netbsdarcinstall"></a>
<h3>Installing NetBSD/arc in GXemul:</h3>

It is possible to run NetBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>

<p>
To install NetBSD/arc from a CDROM image onto an emulated harddisk image,
follow these instructions:

<p>
<ol start="1">
  <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
        that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
        $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>

</pre>
  <li>Download a NetBSD/arc CDROM image from ftp:<pre>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/1.6.2/arccd.iso</a>

</pre>
  <li>Download a NetBSD/arc installation (ramdisk) kernel,
        and gunzip it:<pre>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd.RAMDISK.gz</a>

</pre>
  <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E arc -e pica -b -d nbsd_arc.img -d arccd.iso netbsd.RAMDISK</b>

</pre>
  <li>From now on, you have to use your imagination, as there is no
        automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc. Here are some tips
        and hints on how you can proceed with the install:<pre>
        $ <b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2</b>
        $ <b>disklabel -i -I sd0</b>    (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
            '700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
        $ <b>newfs /dev/sd0a</b>
        $ <b>mount /dev/sd0a /mnt</b>
        $ <b>cd /mnt</b>
        $ <b>for a in /mnt2/arc/binary/sets/*.tgz; do tar xvzpf $a; done</b>
        $ <b>cd dev; sh MAKEDEV all</b>
        $ <b>cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" &gt;&gt; rc.conf</b>
        $ <b>cat > /mnt/etc/fstab</b>
            /dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
            /dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
            (ctrl-d)
        $ <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2</b>
        $ <b>halt</b>

</pre>
  <li>Download a generic NetBSD/arc kernel,
        and gunzip it:<pre>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>

</pre>
</ol>

<p>
You can now use the generic NetBSD/arc kernel to boot from the harddisk 
image, using the following command:
<p>
<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E arc -e pica -b -d nbsd_arc.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>

</pre>

<p>
Using <b>-b</b> (enabling dynamic binary translation), as in the instructions
above, is not 100% stable. If you experiment weird crashes, try removing that
option and try again.


<p><br>
<a name="netbsdhpcmipsinstall"></a>
<h3>Installing NetBSD/hpcmips in GXemul:</h3>

It is possible to install NetBSD/hpcmips onto a disk image, on an an
emulated MobilePro 770, 780, 800, or 880. The emulator treats the
different machine models as being almost identical; the most important
difference is regarding the framebuffer.

<p>
<table border="0">
        <tr>
                <td width="80">&nbsp;</td>
                <td><u>Model:</u></td>
                <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
                <td><u>Framebuffer size/depth:</u></td>
                <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
                <td><u>Framebuffer address:</u></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td>MobilePro 770 (<super>*2</super>)</td>
                <td></td>
                <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
                <td></td>
                <td>0xa000000</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td>MobilePro 780</td>
                <td></td>
                <td>640 x 240, 16 bits</td>
                <td></td>
                <td>0xa180100 (<super>*</super>)</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td>MobilePro 800</td>
                <td></td>
                <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
                <td></td>
                <td>0xa000000</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td>MobilePro 880</td>
                <td></td>
                <td>800 x 600, 16 bits</td>
                <td></td>
                <td>0xa0ea600 (<super>*</super>)</td>
        </tr>
</table>

<p>
(<super>*</super>) = not aligned at a 4 KB boundary, so it will not work
efficiently with the current bintrans system. Using this mode will still
work, but each load and store will be emulated much more slowly than is
possible with an aligned framebuffer.

<p>
(<super>*2</super>) = The MobilePro 770's cursor keys work differently 
than the other models, for some reason. (This is a known bug.)

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1_small.png"></a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2_small.png"></a>

<p>
These instructions show an example of how to install
NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro 800:

<p>
<ol start="1">
  <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
        that you will install NetBSD/hpcmips onto:<pre>
        $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1990000</b>

</pre>
  <li>Download the installation kernel (and gunzip it) and an ISO
        image of NetBSD 2.0 for hpcmips:<pre>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz">netbsd.gz</a>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/hpcmipscd.iso">hpcmipscd.iso</a>

</pre>(You may want to choose a mirror closer to you, if .se is slow.)
  <p>
  <li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E hpc -e mobilepro800 -b -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img -d hpcmipscd.iso netbsd</b>

</pre>
        and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
        MobilePro 800. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
        doing the MBR partitioning, and choose wd1d (not cd0c) as the
        CDROM device to install from.)
</ol>

<p>
If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
GXemul does not (yet) support reading the kernel directly from the
disk image, so you need to download a generic kernel separately:<pre>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>

</pre>

<p>
Once you have gunziped the generic kernel, you can now use it to boot from
the harddisk image, using the following command:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E hpc -e mobilepro800 -b -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>

</pre>

<p>
When you have logged in as root, you can use <b>startx</b> to start X
Windows. (Note: There is no mouse support yet; you can only use 
keyboard input.)


<p><br>
<a name="netbsdcobaltinstall"></a>
<h3>Installing NetBSD/cobalt in GXemul:</h3>

<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
to install, because the Cobalt machines were designed for Linux, and not
very flexible. There is no INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt. One way to
install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to do it from
another (emulated) machine.

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a>

<p>
The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/cobalt onto a disk 
image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:

<p>
<ol>
  <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
        that you will install NetBSD/cobalt onto:<pre>
        $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1999000</b>

</pre>
  <li>Install NetBSD/pmax 2.0 according to instructions further up
        on this page.
  <p>
  <li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt (and gunzip it) and
        the 2.0 ISO image:<pre>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/cobaltcd.iso">ftp://ftp.se.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.0/cobaltcd.iso</a>

</pre>(You may want to choose a mirror closer to you, if .se is slow.)
  <p>
  <li>Start NetBSD/pmax like this:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -b -Edec -e3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d cobaltcd.iso -d nbsd_cobalt.img</b>

</pre>
  <li>Log in as root (on the emulated 3MAX machine), and execute the
        following commands: (adjust according to taste)<pre>
        # <b>newfs /dev/sd1c</b>
        # <b>mount /dev/cd0c /mnt</b>
        # <b>mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd1c /mnt2</b>
        # <b>cd /mnt2; sh</b>
        # <b>for a in /mnt/cobalt/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done</b>
        # <b>exit</b>
        # <b>cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc</b>
        # <b>echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf</b>
        # <b>echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab</b>
        # <b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
</pre>
</ol>

<p>
You should now be able to boot NetBSD/cobalt like this:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -b -M128 -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC</b>
</pre>

Note that the installation instructions above create a filesystem
<i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
generic kernel:<pre>
        root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0d</b>
        dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
        file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
</pre>


<!--

<p><br>
<a name="netbsdsgimips"></a>
<h3>Running NetBSD/sgimips in GXemul:</h3>

<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a>
can theoretically run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.

<p>
<font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded with this yet.</font>

<p>
See the section on <a href="#openbsdsgiinstall">how to run OpenBSD/sgi</a>
for more information.

<p>
TODO...

<pre>
cd /x; ftp -i ftp.se.netbsd.org
..
cd pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/sets
mget *.tgz
exit
sh
for a in etc.tgz base.tgz comp.tgz; do tar zxvfp $a; done

</pre>

-->


<p><br>
<a name="openbsdinstall"></a>
<h3>Installing OpenBSD/pmax in GXemul:</h3>

Installing OpenBSD/pmax is a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax.
You should first read the section above on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
before continuing here. If you have never installed OpenBSD on any
architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this.
If, on the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then
this should be no problem for you.

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20040710-openbsd-pmax.png"><img src="20040710-openbsd-pmax_small.png"></a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a>

<p>
OpenBSD/pmax died at release 2.8 of OpenBSD, so you should be
aware of the fact that this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD
system.

<p>
Following these instructions <i>might</i> work. If not, then use
common sense and imagination to modify them as you see fit.

<p>
<ol>
  <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
        that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
        $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=900000000</b>

</pre>
  <li>Download the entire pmax directory from the ftp server: (approx. 99 MB)<pre>
        $ <b>wget -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/</a></b>

</pre>

  <li>Execute the following commands:<pre>
        $ <b>mv ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/simpleroot28.fs.gz .</b>
        $ <b>gunzip simpleroot28.fs.gz</b>
        $ <b>chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b>               &lt;--- make sure

</pre>
  <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
        I recommend using <b>mkisofs</b> for that purpose. If you don't already
        have mkisofs installed on your system, you need to install that in
        order to do this.<pre>
        $ <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>

</pre>
  <li>Start the emulator with all three (!) disk images:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>

</pre>
        (If you add -X, you will run with the graphical framebuffer. This is <i>REALLY</i> slow
        because the console has to scroll a lot during the install. I don't recommend it.)
  <p>
  <li>Go on with the installation as you would do if you were installing on a real machine.
        If you are not used to the OpenBSD installer, then this will most likely
        be a very uncomfortable experience. Some important things to keep in mind are:
        <ul>
          <li>rz0 is the rootdisk you wish to install onto.
          <li>rz1 is the simpleroot image.
          <li>rz2 is the CDROM containing the "install sets".
          <li>When asked for the "<b>root device?</b>", enter <b>rz1</b>.
          <li>At "<b>Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh:</b>", press enter.
          <li>At the # prompt, do the following:<pre>
        $ <b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b>        (and mark the filesystem as clean)
        $ <b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
        $ <b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
        $ <b>./install</b>

</pre>
                and proceed with the install. Good luck. :-)
          <li>Answer "<b>y</b>" when asked if you wish to configure the network.
                (See the section about installing NetBSD/pmax for suitable
                network settings.)
          <li>Install from "<b>c</b>" (cdrom), choose "<b>rz2</b>" as the cdrom device, and "<b>/</b>" as
                the directory containing the install sets.
        </ul>
  <p>
  <li>
For some unknown reason, the install script does not set the root
password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!
<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
</pre>
While you are at it, you might want to extract the X11 install sets
as well, as the installer seems to ignore them too. (Perhaps due to a bug
in the installer, perhaps because of the way I used mkisofs.)
<p>
Execute the following commands in the emulator:
<pre>
        # <b>fsck /dev/rz0a</b>
        # <b>mount /</b>
        # <b>passwd root</b>

        # <b>cd /</b>
        # <b>mount -t cd9660 /dev/rz2c /mnt</b>
        # <b>sh</b>
        # <b>for a in /mnt/[xX]*; do tar zxvf $a; done</b>
        # <b>ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin/Xcfbpmax /usr/X11R6/bin/X</b>
        # <b>ln -s /dev/fb0 /dev/mouse</b>
        # <b>echo /usr/X11R6/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf</b>
        # <b>ldconfig</b>

        # <b>sync</b>
        # <b>halt</b>
</pre>
</ol>

<p>
NOTE: It is also possible to install via ftp instead of using a CDROM image. 
This is not much less awkward, you still need the simpleroot filesystem 
image, and you still have to manually add the X11 install sets and set the 
root password, and so on.

<p>
Once you have completed the installation procedure, the following command
will let you boot from the new rootdisk image:
<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -X -M64 -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
</pre>

<p>
OpenBSD/pmax seems to work fine with dynamic binary translation (enabled 
by the <b>-b</b> command line option).

<p>
(Normally, you would be asked about which root device to use (rz0), but 
using -o '-aN' supresses that.)
<p>
When asked for which terminal type to use, when logging in as root,
enter <b>rcons</b> if you are using the graphical framebuffer,
<b>vt100</b> for text-mode.
<br>Use <b>startx</b> to start X windows.


<p><br>
<a name="openbsdarcinstall"></a>
<h3>Installing OpenBSD/arc in GXemul:</h3>

It is possible to run OpenBSD/arc on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the
emulator.

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>

<p>
(You should be aware of the fact that OpenBSD for the ARC platform died at 
release 2.3, so this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD system.
See
<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html</a>
for more information.)

<p>
To install OpenBSD/arc onto an emulated harddisk image, follow these
instructions:

<p>
<ol>
  <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
        that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
        $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>

</pre>
  <li>Download the entire arc directory from the ftp server: (approx. 75 MB)<pre>
        $ <b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/</a></b>

</pre>

  <li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
        I recommend using <b>mkisofs</b> for that purpose. If you don't already
        have mkisofs installed on your system, you need to install that in
        order to do this.<pre>
        $ <b>mkisofs -o openbsd_arc_2.3.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>

</pre>
  <li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E arc -e pica -d obsd_arc.img -d openbsd_arc_2.3.iso \
            ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd.rd.elf</b>

</pre>
        and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
        on a real Acer PICA-61. (Answer 'no' when asked if you want to
        configure networking, and then install from CD-ROM.)
</ol>

<p>
Once the install has finished, the following command should let you 
boot from the harddisk image:
<p>
<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E arc -e pica -d obsd_arc.img ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd</b>

</pre>

<p>
(The <b>-b</b> command line option enables dynamic binary translation,
which isn't always 100% stable, so if things seem buggy you might want
to try to remove that from the command line.)


<!--

<p><br>
<a name="openbsdsgiinstall"></a>
<h3>Running OpenBSD/sgi in GXemul:</h3>

<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
can theoretically run in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32) with root on nfs.

<p>
<font color="#ff0000">NOTE: I haven't succeeded with this yet.</font>

<p>
<font color="#0000f0">
[&nbsp;2005-02-09: There is no stable release yet of OpenBSD/sgi, but there
are -current snapshots available on ftp sites.&nbsp;]</font>

<p>
GXemul does not yet emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2, so 
another emulated machine must be used as the nfs root server, and the
emulated O2 machine must boot as a
<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=diskless&manpath=OpenBSD+Current&format=html">diskless</a>
client. Performing this setup is very time consuming, but necessary.

<p>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#netbsdinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2</a> or some other
        similar OS inside the emulator. This will be the "nfs server" machine.
  <p>
  <li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.<pre>
        # <b>echo hostname=blahblah &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
        # <b>echo ifconfig_le0="inet 10.0.0.2" &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
        # <b>echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
        # <b>echo 10.0.0.254 &gt; /etc/mygate</b>
        # <b>mkdir /x; echo /x -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 &gt; /etc/exports</b>
        # <b>echo rpcbind=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
        # <b>echo nfs_server=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
        # <b>echo mountd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
        # <b>echo bootparamd=YES &gt;&gt; /etc/rc.conf</b>
        # <b>printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/x \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/x/swap\n" &gt; /etc/bootparams</b>
        # <b>echo 10.0.0.1 client &gt; /etc/hosts</b>

        Reboot. Then download the OpenBSD/sgi distribution:

        # <b>cd /x; ftp -i ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
        ...
        <b>cd pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi</b>
        <b>mget *</b>

        # <b>sh</b>
        # <b>for a in base* etc* misc*; do tar vzxfp $a; done</b>
        # <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=16384</b>

</pre>
  <p>
  <li>Create a configuration file along these lines:<pre>
        <font color="#2020cf">!!gxemul
        !
        !  Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
        !  a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
        !
        !  Change the filenames to suit your setup.</font>

        <b>emul(
            net()

            machine(
                name("client machine")
                type("sgi")
                subtype("ip32")
                bintrans(yes)
                load("openbsd-sgi-20050202-bsd")
                start_paused(yes)
            )

            machine(
                name("nfs server")
                type("dec")
                subtype("5000/200")
                bintrans(yes)
                disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
            )
        )</b>

</pre>
  <li>Boot the nfs server and the OpenBSD/sgi client machine like this:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul @myconf</b>

</pre>
        You might want to log in as root on the server machine, and
        run <b>tcpdump -lnvv</b> or similar, to see that what the client
        machine actually does on the network.
        <p>
        The OpenBSD box ("client machine") will be paused, so when you
        are ready to unpause it, press CTRL-C in the main GXemul
        window and use the <b>focus</b> and <b>pause</b> commands to
        unpause the main CPU in that machine, and then <b>continue</b>
        to resume execution.
        <p>
        When asked for "root device :", enter <b>mec0</b>.
</ol>

<p>
TODO...

-->


<p><br>
<a name="ultrixinstall"></a>
<h3>Installing Ultrix/RISC in GXemul:</h3>

Ultrix 4.x can run in GXemul on an emulated DECstation 5000/200.

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.gif"></a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a>

<p>
The following instructions should let you install Ultrix onto a disk image:

<ol>
  <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
        that Ultrix installs itself onto:<pre>
        $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=rootdisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=800000</b>

</pre>
  <li>Place your Ultrix installation media in your CDROM drive. (I'm assuming
        it is called /dev/cd0c here, replace that with the name of your
        CDROM drive, or the name of a .iso image file.)
        Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>

</pre>
  <li>Once the first stage of the installation is done (restoring the root
        filesystem), you need to restart the emulator, booting from the 
        new rootdisk, to continue the installation process.
        This is done by removing the bootflag ('b') from the second
        diskimage argument:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>

</pre>
</ol>

<p>
When the installation is completed, the following command should start  
Ultrix from the harddisk image:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -X -b -M64 -E dec -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
</pre>

<p>
Ultrix mostly seems to work with dynamic binary translation (enabled by 
the <b>-b</b> command line option). If you have a very fast
host machine, and use bintrans, you might experience a weird timer related
bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is triggered
when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine was 
capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add <b>-I33000000</b>
to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million instructions per emulated
second. (When using -CR4400, -I16000000 should be used instead.)

<p>
You can experiment with adding <b>-Z2</b> (for emulating a 
dual-headed workstation) or even <b>-Z3</b> (tripple-headed), and also the
<b>-Y2</b> option for scaling down the framebuffer windows by a factor 2x2.
There is also a <b>-z</b> option for supplying names of X11 displays to 
use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated tripple-headed 
workstation, on three different displays (remote1:0.0, localhost:0.0, and 
remote2:0.0), using no scaledown:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -M64 -bN -E dec -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
            -XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost -z remote2:0.0</b>
</pre>

<p>
The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately, 
there is no way yet to set the scaledown factor on a per-window basis, so 
the scaledown factor affects all windows.

<p>
(If you didn't use -Z<i>n</i> during the installation, and 
compiled your own /vmunix, then it will not contain support for multiple 
graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel, <b>-j 
genvmunix</b>, whenever you are running the emulator with a different 
setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)

<p>
A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
to Ultrix, so that is possible to run as well.  If you are unsuccessful
in installing Ultrix or OSF/1 directly in the emulator, you can always
install it on your real machine onto a real SCSI disk, and then copy the
contents of that SCSI disk into a file (using <b>dd(1)</b>), and use
that file as a disk image file in the emulator.


<p><br>
<a name="sprite"></a>
<h3>Running Sprite for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>

Sprite was a research operating system at the University of Berkeley.
The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS, <a href="http://www.tuhs.org">www.tuhs.org</a>)
has made available a copy of a Sprite harddisk image for a DECstation 5000/200.
If you want to find out more about Sprite in general, read
<a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html</a>.

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20040711-sprite-1.png"><img src="20040711-sprite-1_small.png"></a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a>

<p>
The following instructions should let you run Sprite in the emulator:

<p>
<ol>
  <li>Download the Sprite harddisk image using ftp or http:<pre>
        <a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/">http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite</a>/<a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ds5000.bt</a>
        or <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt</a>
        83973120 bytes, MD5 = ec84eeeb20fe77b758370d5e312e4a5e

</pre>
  <li>Start the emulator with the following command line:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -X -b -E dec -e 3max -M128 -d ds5000.bt -j vmsprite -o ''</b>

</pre>
</ol>

<p>
The first time you boot up with the disk image, you will be asked a number 
of questions regarding network settings. If you feel like entering correct 
values, then you should use the following:
<p>

<pre>
    Your machine's Ethernet address:    10:20:30:40:50:60
    Your machine's IP:                  10.0.0.1
    Subnet mask:                        0xff000000
    Gateway's Ethernet address:         60:50:40:30:20:10
    Gateway's IP:                       10.0.0.254
</pre>

<p>
Unfortunately, at the end of <a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt">
http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/boot.txt</a>, the 
following sad statement can be found:
<pre>
    The bootable Sprite image is meant to be a demonstration of Sprite, not
    a robust Sprite system.  There are several missing things, such as 
    floating point and network support.
</pre>

<p>
Once you are logged in as root, running <b>xinit</b> will start the X11 
environment.

<p>
Sprite works fine with dynamic binary translation (enabled by
adding <b>-b</b> to the command line options).


<p><br>
<a name="declinux"></a>
<h3>Installing Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>

<font color="#ef0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
unstable. During my tests, even pressing the wrong key during the install
(for example the wrong cursor key) can cause a kernel Oops.
I <i>think</i> this has to do with interrupts from the serial controller.
Hopefully using the -U command line option will reduce the risk for such 
crashes. (I haven't had time to come up with a clean solution to this yet;
it feels like a buffer overflow in Linux' serial driver for the 5000/200,
but it is also likely that it is a bug in GXemul.)
</font>

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20041212-debian_1.png"><img src="20041212-debian_1_small.gif"></a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20041212-debian_2.png"><img src="20041212-debian_2_small.gif"></a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20041213-debian_3.png"><img src="20041213-debian_3_small.gif"></a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a>

<p>
The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation
onto a harddisk image:

<p>
<ol>
  <li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
        that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
        $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>

</pre>
  <li>Download an install kernel:<pre>
        <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
            <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>
        or
        <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/</a>
            <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img">installer-mipsel/current/images/r3k-kn02/boot.img</a>

</pre>
        depending on whether you want to install Debian "Testing" or
        "Unstable".
  <p>
  <li>For a text-mode installation, start the emulator like this:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -b -U -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img -O boot.img</b>

</pre>
</ol>

<p>
Debian GNU/Linux on DECstation works reasonably fine with dynamic
binary translation, enabled by the <b>-b</b> command line option. (Without
this option, the emulator might be less buggy, but also too slow to be 
useful when running Linux as a guest OS.)

<p>
(If you want to, you can try <b>-X</b> instead of <b>-o 'console=ttyS3'</b> on
the command line. This will cause Linux to use the graphical framebuffer.
Unfortunately, Linux does not seem to have a driver for the DZ11 keyboard
controller yet, so you cannot interact with the system. You will see the
penguin in the upper lefthand corner while booting, and nicely rendered Unicode
characters, but that's about it.)

<p>
You need to enter some values during the installation procedure, for example
network settings. The following should work:
<p>
<pre>
    DHCP:                       No, choose "Configure network manually"
    IP address:                 10.0.0.1
    Netmask:                    255.0.0.0
    Gateway:                    10.0.0.254
    Name server addresses:      10.0.0.254
</pre>

<p>
<ol start="4">
  <li>Once the first phase of the install has finished, the following command
        should let you boot into Debian, and perform post-install
        configuration:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>

</pre>
</ol>

<p>
It seems that there's a problem with getting a login prompt on serial 
console (at least when I've done test installs), so when the installation 
is finished and you're supposed to get a login prompt, you need to press 
CTRL-C and type <b>quit</b>, and then:

<p>
<ol start="5">
  <li>Download a normal kernel (<i>not</i> a RAMDISK kernel):<pre>
        <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>

</pre>
  <li>Boot Debian using the following command line:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o \
            'console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh' \
            -d debian.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>

</pre>
        You'll enter single-user mode. You need to add a line to
        /etc/inittab, to enable logins via serial console.<pre>
        sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'T3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS3 9600 vt100' >> /etc/inittab</b>
        sh-2.05b# <b>echo 'ttyS3' >> /etc/securetty</b>
        sh-2.05b# <b>sync; umount /</b>
</pre>
</ol>

<p>
The system should now be ready for everyday use.

<p>
Use this command to boot from the completely installed disk image:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M64 -o 'console=ttyS3' -d debian.img</b>

</pre>

<p>
[&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-19:</font>&nbsp;
Kaj-Michael Lang noticed that the current CVS-version of
<a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a> has
support for keyboards now, on DECstation 5000/200, so it is
possible to run Debian GNU/Linux with framebuffer/keyboard.
(Add -X (or -XY2) and remove the console=ttyS3 option.)
He has made a kernel available here:
<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">
http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
It has other problems (ethernet doesn't seem to work, for
example), but at least it doesn't Oops that often.&nbsp;]


<p><br>
<a name="declinuxredhat"></a>
<h3>Running Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:</h3>

<font color="#ff0000">NOTE: This is experimental, and <i>extremely</i>
unstable. Read the note about '-U' in the section on how to install 
Debian.
</font>

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a>

<p>
The following steps should let you run Redhat Linux for DECstation in GXemul:

<p>
<ol>
  <li>Download a kernel. This is a Debian kernel, but it works fine:<pre>
        <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/</a>
         <a href="http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02">installer-mipsel/current/images/cdrom/vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</a>

</pre>
  <li>Download a root filesystem tree:<pre>
        <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/</a>
         <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
        19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414

</pre>
  <li>This is the tricky part: Create an ext2 filesystem image called redhat.img using
        the filesystem tree you just downloaded. The disk image should have a MS-DOS
        partition table (!), and then one or more ext2 partitions.
        (Use loopback mount, or similar. This is probably easiest to do on a Linux host.)
        However, in order to actually boot the system you need to modify /etc/fstab.
        Change<pre>
        /dev/root               /               nfs     defaults        1 1
        #/dev/sdc1              /               ext2    defaults        1 1
        none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
        none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0

</pre>to<pre>
        #/dev/root              /               nfs     defaults        1 1
        /dev/sda1               /               ext2    defaults        1 1
        none                    /proc           proc    defaults        0 0
        none                    /dev/pts        devpts  mode=0622       0 0

</pre>(Note sda1 instead of sdc1.)
  <p>
  <li>To boot Linux, start the emulator like this:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -M128 -o \
            "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 ro" -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>

</pre>
</ol>

<p>
If you need to boot into single user mode, try the following:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -U -b -o "console=ttyS3 root=/dev/sda1 rw init=/bin/sh" \
            -d redhat.img vmlinux-2.4.27-r3k-kn02</b>

</pre>

<p>
Redhat Linux on DECstation in R3000 mode should work fine with dynamic binary 
translation (enabled by the <b>-b</b> command line option).

<p>
NOTE: You can add <b>-X</b> and remove <b>console=ttyS3</b> from the command
line, if you want to use a graphical framebuffer. Unfortunately, Linux 
doesn't have support for keyboards on DECstation 5000/200 yet, so you cannot
actually interact with the sytem. :-(

<p>
[&nbsp;<font color="#ff0000">UPDATE 2005-01-22:</font>&nbsp;
Read the 2005-01-19 update in the Debian section above, and then, if
you do not need ethernet support, try Kaj-Michael Lang's kernel compiled
from <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/">linux-mips</a>' CVS.
<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">
http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/patches/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a>
It should work with framebuffer/keyboard.&nbsp;]


<p><br>
<a name="mach"></a>
<h3>Running Mach/PMAX in GXemul:</h3>

Read the following link if you want to know more about Mach in general:
<a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html</a>

<p>
<font color="#ff0000">NOTE: Mach for DECstation requires some files
(called 'startup' and 'emulator') which I haven't been able to find
on the web. Without these, Mach will not get very far. These
installation instructions are preliminary.
</font>

<p>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="20041018-mach_pmax.png"><img src="20041018-mach_pmax_small.png"></a>

<p>
The following steps should let you experiment with running Mach
for DECstation in the emulator:

<p>
<ol>
  <li>Compile gxemul with cache emulation: (<b>NOTE: --enable-caches</b>)<pre>
        $ <b>./configure --enable-caches; make</b>

</pre>
  <li>Download the pmax binary distribution for Mach 3.0:<pre>
        <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z</a>
        7263343 bytes, md5 = f9d76c240a6e169921a1df99ad560cc0

</pre>
  <li>Extract the Mach kernel:<pre>
        $ <b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>

</pre>
  <li>Create an empty disk image:<pre>
        $ <b>dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=1 count=512 seek=400000000</b>

</pre>
  <li>Load the contents of pmax.tar.Z onto the disk image. This is
        complicated, and should be described in more detail some time.
        For now, use your imagination. (For example using OpenBSD/pmax:
        <i>disklabel -E rz1; newfs -O /dev/rz1a;
        mount /dev/rz1a /mnt; cd /mnt; download pmax.tar.Z using ftp;
        tar xzvf pmax.tar.Z; mv pmax_mach/* .; rmdir pmax_mach;
        mkdir mach_servers;
        cd mach_servers;
        cp ../etc/mach_init .;
        cp ../tests/test_service startup;
        dd if=/dev/zero of=paging_file bs=65536 count=400;
        cd /; sync; umount /mnt</i>)
        <p>
  <li>Start the emulator with the following command:<pre>
        $ <b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -X -d disk.img \
            pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>

</pre>
</ol>


</p>

</body>
</html>