/[gxemul]/trunk/doc/experiments.html
This is repository of my old source code which isn't updated any more. Go to git.rot13.org for current projects!
ViewVC logotype

Diff of /trunk/doc/experiments.html

Parent Directory Parent Directory | Revision Log Revision Log | View Patch Patch

revision 2 by dpavlin, Mon Oct 8 16:17:48 2007 UTC revision 42 by dpavlin, Mon Oct 8 16:22:32 2007 UTC
# Line 1  Line 1 
1  <html>  <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Experimenting with GXemul</title>
2  <head><title>GXemul documentation: Experimenting with GXemul</title>  <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
3  </head>  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
4  <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5  <p>  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6  <table width="100%">  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7    <tr><td width="100%" bgcolor="#808070"><font color="#ffffe0" size="6">  <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
8    <b>GXemul documentation: Experimenting with GXemul</b></font></td></tr>  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Experimenting with GXemul</b>
9  </table>  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
 <p>  
 <!-- The first 10 lines are cut away by the homepage updating script.  -->  
   
10    
11  <!--  <!--
12    
13  $Id: experiments.html,v 1.57 2005/04/06 23:29:11 debug Exp $  $Id: experiments.html,v 1.110 2007/06/15 18:07:08 debug Exp $
14    
15  Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.  Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
16    
17  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
# Line 51  SUCH DAMAGE. Line 48  SUCH DAMAGE.
48  <ul>  <ul>
49    <li><a href="#hello">Hello world</a>    <li><a href="#hello">Hello world</a>
50    <li><a href="#expdevices">Experimental devices</a>    <li><a href="#expdevices">Experimental devices</a>
   <li><a href="#experiments">Experiments with other kernels and guest OSes</a>  
51  </ul>  </ul>
52    
53    
# Line 69  that you do two things: Line 65  that you do two things:
65    
66  <p>  <p>
67  <ul>  <ul>
68    <li>Build and install a cross-compiler for MIPS.    <li>Build and install a cross-compiler for your chosen target,
69    <li>Compile this hello world program, and run it in the emulator.          e.g. <tt>mips64-unknown-elf</tt>.
70  </ul>          GCC is usually a good compiler choice, because it is portable
71            and in wide-spread use. (Other compilers should work too.)
 <p>  
 The emulator has several modes where it doesn't emulate any real machine.  
 It can either run in "bare" mode, where no devices are included by default  
 (just the CPU), or in a "test" mode where some simple devices are  
 emulated.  
   
 <p>  
 <table border="0"><tr><td width="40">&nbsp;</td><td>  
 <pre>  
 <font color=#f00000>/*  Hello world for GXemul  */  
   
 /*  Note: The cast to a signed int causes the address to be sign-extended  
     correctly to 0xffffffffb00000xx when compiled in 64-bit mode  */  
 </font><font color=#a0a0a0>#define      PUTCHAR_ADDRESS         ((signed int)0xb0000000)  
 #define HALT_ADDRESS            ((signed int)0xb0000010)  
   
 </font><font color=#c000c0>void </font><font color=#000000><a name="printchar">printchar</a>(</font><font color=#c000c0>char </font><font color=#000000>ch)  
 {  
         *((</font><font color=#c000c0>volatile unsigned char </font><font color=#000000>*) PUTCHAR_ADDRESS) = ch;  
 }  
   
 </font><font color=#c000c0>void </font><font color=#000000><a name="halt">halt</a>(</font><font color=#c000c0>void</font><font color=#000000>)  
 {  
         *((</font><font color=#c000c0>volatile unsigned char </font><font color=#000000>*) HALT_ADDRESS) = 0;  
 }  
   
 </font><font color=#c000c0>void </font><font color=#000000><a name="printstr">printstr</a>(</font><font color=#c000c0>char </font><font color=#000000>*s)  
 {  
         </font><font color=#c000c0>while </font><font color=#000000>(*s)  
                 printchar(*s++);  
 }  
   
 </font><font color=#c000c0>void </font><font color=#000000>f(</font><font color=#c000c0>void</font><font color=#000000>)  
 {  
         printstr(</font><font color=#00c000>"Hello world\n"</font><font color=#000000>);  
         halt();  
 }  
 </font></pre>  
 </td></tr></table>  
   
 This hello world program is available here as well:  
 <a href="hello_mips.c">hello_mips.c</a>  
 <p>  
 I recommend that you build a GCC cross compiler for the  
 <b>mips64-unknown-elf</b> target, and install it. Other compilers could  
 work too, but GCC is good because of its portability. Then try to compile  
 the hello world program:  
 <pre>  
         $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-gcc -O2 hello_mips.c -mips4 -mabi=64 -c</b>  
         $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-ld -Ttext 0xa800000000030000 -e f hello_mips.o -o hello_mips --oformat=elf64-bigmips</b>  
         $ <b>file hello_mips</b>  
         hello_mips: ELF 64-bit MSB mips-4 executable, MIPS R3000_BE, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped  
         $ <b>gxemul -q -E testmips hello_mips</b>  
         Hello world  
   
         $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-gcc -O2 hello_mips.c -c</b>  
         $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-ld -Ttext 0x80030000 -e f hello_mips.o -o hello_mips</b>  
         $ <b>file hello_mips</b>  
         hello_mips: ELF 32-bit MSB mips-3 executable, MIPS R3000_BE, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped  
         $ <b>gxemul -q -E testmips hello_mips</b>  
         Hello world  
 </pre>  
   
 <p>  
 As you can see above, a GCC configured for mips64-unknown-elf can produce  
 both 64-bit and 32-bit binaries. If you don't want to run the entire  
 Hello World program, but want to single-step through the execution to  
 learn more about how MIPS programs run, then add -V to the command line:  
   
 <p>  
 <pre>  
         $ <b>gxemul -V -E testmips hello_mips</b>  
         ..  
         GXemul&gt; <b>r</b>  
         cpu0:    pc = a800000000030078    <f>  
         cpu0:    hi = 0000000000000000    lo = 0000000000000000  
         cpu0:    zr = 0000000000000000    at = 0000000000000000  
         cpu0:    v0 = 0000000000000000    v1 = 0000000000000000  
         ..  
         cpu0:    gp = a8000000000780c0    sp = ffffffffa0007f00  
         cpu0:    fp = 0000000000000000    ra = 0000000000000000  
         GXemul&gt; <b>s 15</b>  
         &lt;f&gt;  
         a800000000030078: 67bdfff0      daddiu  sp,sp,-16  
         a80000000003007c: 3c04a800      lui     a0,0xa800  
         a800000000030080: 3c010003      lui     at,0x3  
         a800000000030084: 64840000      daddiu  a0,a0,0  
         a800000000030088: 642100b8      daddiu  at,at,184  
         a80000000003008c: 0004203c      dsll32  a0,a0,0  
         a800000000030090: 0081202d      daddu   a0,a0,at  
         a800000000030094: ffbf0000      sd      ra,0(sp)  [0xffffffffa0007ef0, data=0x0000000000000000]  
         a800000000030098: 0c00c00a      jal     0xa800000000030028 &lt;printstr&gt;  
         a80000000003009c: 00000000 (d)  nop  
           &lt;printstr("Hello world\n",0,0,0,..)&gt;  
         &lt;printstr&gt;  
         a800000000030028: 67bdfff0      daddiu  sp,sp,-16  
         a80000000003002c: ffb00000      sd      s0,0(sp)  [0xffffffffa0007ee0, data=0x0000000000000000]  
         a800000000030030: ffbf0008      sd      ra,8(sp)  [0xffffffffa0007ee8, data=0xa8000000000300a0]  
         a800000000030034: 90820000      lbu     v0,0(a0)  [0xa8000000000300b8 = $LC0, data=0x48]  
         a800000000030038: 00021600      sll     v0,v0,24  
         GXemul&gt; <b>print v0</b>  
         v0 = 0x0000000048000000  
         GXemul&gt; <b><blink>_</blink></b>  
 </pre>  
   
 <p>  
 The syntax of the single-step debugger shouldn't be too hard to grasp.  
 Type 's' to single-step one instruction. Just pressing enter after that  
 will repeat the 's' command. Type 'quit' to quit.  
72    
73  <p>    <p>
74  Hopefully this is enough to get you inspired. :-)    <li>Compile the Hello World demo program for your chosen target, and run
75            it in the emulator.
76    </ul>
   
 <p><br>  
 <h4>Hello World for GXemul's PPC mode</h4>  
77    
78  GXemul also has an experimental PowerPC emulation mode.  <p>The Hello World demo program is included in the GXemul source
79  <a href="hello_ppc.c">hello_ppc.c</a> is similar to hello_mips.c, but  code distribution, in the <a href="../demos/hello/"><tt>demos/hello/</tt></a>
80  should be compiled and run as follows:  subdirectory. The README files in the demo directories have several
81  <p>  examples of how the demo programs can be built.
 <pre>  
         $ <b>ppc-unknown-elf-gcc -O2 hello_ppc.c -c</b>  
         $ <b>ppc-unknown-elf-ld -e f hello_ppc.o -o hello_ppc</b>  
         $ <b>file hello_ppc</b>  
         hello_ppc: ELF 32-bit MSB executable, PowerPC or cisco 4500,  
           version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped  
         $ <b>gxemul -q -E testppc hello_ppc</b>  
         Hello world  
 </pre>  
82    
83  <p>  <p>Hopefully this is enough to get you inspired. :-)
 [&nbsp;2005-02-18: I haven't yet been able to build a GCC for ppc64 (only the  
 binutils toolchain), because the gcc sources seem to include Linux header files  
 that aren't present on my FreeBSD system. 32-bit PPC works ok, though.&nbsp;]  
84    
85    
86    
# Line 219  that aren't present on my FreeBSD system Line 91  that aren't present on my FreeBSD system
91  <a name="expdevices"></a>  <a name="expdevices"></a>
92  <h3>Experimental devices:</h3>  <h3>Experimental devices:</h3>
93    
94  The "test" MIPS machine has the following experimental devices:  The emulator has several modes where it doesn't emulate any real machine.
95    It can either run in "bare" mode, where no devices are included by default
96    (just the CPU), or in a "test" mode where some simple devices are
97    emulated.
98    
99    <p>The test machines (<tt>testmips</tt>, <tt>testppc</tt>, etc) have the
100    following experimental devices:
101    
102  <p>  <p>
103  <center><table border="0" width="80%">  <center><table border="0" width="80%">
104    
105    <tr>    <tr>
106      <td align="left" valign="top" width="200">      <td align="left" valign="top" width="200">
107          <b>cons:</b>          <a name="expdevices_cons"><b><tt>cons</tt>:</b></a>
108          <p>This is a simple console device, for writing          <p>A simple console device, for writing
109          characters to the controlling terminal.          characters to the controlling terminal
110          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">devices/dev_cons.c</font>          and receiving keypresses.
111            <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_cons.c</tt></font>
112            <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_cons.h</tt></font>
113          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x10000000</font>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x10000000</font>
114      </td>      </td>
115      <td align="left" valign="top" width="25">&nbsp;</td>      <td align="left" valign="top" width="25">&nbsp;</td>
# Line 240  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 120  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
120              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
121            </tr>            </tr>
122            <tr>            <tr>
123              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0000</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00</tt></td>
124              <td align="left" valign="top">              <td align="left" valign="top">
125                  Read: <b>getchar()</b> (non-blocking)<br>                  Read: <b><tt>getchar()</tt></b> (non-blocking; returns
126                  Write: <b>putchar(ch)</b></td>                  <tt>0</tt> if no char was available)<br>
127                    Write: <b><tt>putchar(ch)</tt></b></td>
128            </tr>            </tr>
129            <tr>            <tr>
130              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0010</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x10</tt></td>
131              <td align="left" valign="top">Read or write: <b>halt()</b><br>              <td align="left" valign="top">Read or write: <b><tt>halt()</tt></b><br>
132                  (Useful for exiting the emulator.)</td>                  (Useful for exiting the emulator.)</td>
133            </tr>            </tr>
134          </table>          </table>
# Line 260  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 141  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
141    
142    <tr>    <tr>
143      <td align="left" valign="top">      <td align="left" valign="top">
144          <b>mp:</b>          <a name="expdevices_mp"><b><tt>mp</tt>:</b></a>
145          <p>This device controls the behaviour of CPUs in an emulated          <p>This device controls the behaviour of CPUs in an emulated
146          multi-processor system.          multi-processor system.
147          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">devices/dev_mp.c</font>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_mp.c</tt></font>
148            <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_mp.h</tt></font>
149          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x11000000</font>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x11000000</font>
150      </td>      </td>
151      <td></td>      <td></td>
# Line 274  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 156  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
156              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
157            </tr>            </tr>
158            <tr>            <tr>
159              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0000</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000</tt></td>
160              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b>whoami()</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>whoami()</tt></b>.
161                  Returns the id of the CPU doing the read.</td>                  Returns the id of the CPU doing the read.</td>
162            </tr>            </tr>
163            <tr>            <tr>
164              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0010</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0010</tt></td>
165              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b>ncpus()</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ncpus()</tt></b>.
166                  Returns the number of CPUs in the system.</td>                  Returns the number of CPUs in the system.</td>
167            </tr>            </tr>
168            <tr>            <tr>
169              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0020</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0020</tt></td>
170              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>startupcpu(i)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupcpu(i)</tt></b>.
171                  Starts CPU i. It begins execution at the address                  Starts CPU i. It begins execution at the address
172                  set by a write to startupaddr (see below).</td>                  set by a write to startupaddr (see below).</td>
173            </tr>            </tr>
174            <tr>            <tr>
175              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0030</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0030</tt></td>
176              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>startupaddr(addr)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupaddr(addr)</tt></b>.
177                  Sets the starting address for CPUs.</td>                  Sets the starting address for CPUs.</td>
178            </tr>            </tr>
179            <tr>            <tr>
180              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0040</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0040</tt></td>
181              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>pause_addr(addr)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>pause_addr(addr)</tt></b>.
182                  Sets the pause address. (TODO: This is not                  Sets the pause address. (NOTE: This is not
183                  used anymore?)</td>                  used anymore.)</td>
184            </tr>            </tr>
185            <tr>            <tr>
186              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0050</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0050</tt></td>
187              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>pause_cpu(i)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>pause_cpu(i)</tt></b>.
188                  Stops all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>                  Pauses all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>
189            </tr>            </tr>
190            <tr>            <tr>
191              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0060</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0060</tt></td>
192              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>unpause_cpu(i)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>unpause_cpu(i)</tt></b>.
193                  Unpauses all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>                  Unpauses CPU i.</td>
194            </tr>            </tr>
195            <tr>            <tr>
196              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0070</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0070</tt></td>
197              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>startupstack(addr)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupstack(addr)</tt></b>.
198                  Sets the startup stack address. (CPUs started with                  Sets the startup stack address. (CPUs started with
199                  startupcpu() above will have their stack pointer                  startupcpu() above will have their stack pointer
200                  set to this value.)</td>                  set to this value.)</td>
201            </tr>            </tr>
202            <tr>            <tr>
203              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0080</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0080</tt></td>
204              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b>hardware_random()</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>hardware_random()</tt></b>.
205                  This produces a "random" number.</td>                  This produces a "random" number.</td>
206            </tr>            </tr>
207            <tr>            <tr>
208              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0090</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0090</tt></td>
209              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b>memory()</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>memory()</tt></b>.
210                  Returns the number of bytes of RAM in the system.</td>                  Returns the number of bytes of RAM in the system.</td>
211            </tr>            </tr>
212              <tr>
213                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00a0</tt></td>
214                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>ipi_one((nr &lt;&lt; 16) + cpuid)</tt></b>.
215                    Sends IPI <tt>nr</tt> to a specific CPU.</td>
216              </tr>
217              <tr>
218                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00b0</tt></td>
219                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>ipi_many((nr &lt;&lt; 16) + cpuid)</tt></b>.
220                    Sends IPI <tt>nr</tt> to all CPUs <i>except</i>
221                    the specified one.</td>
222              </tr>
223              <tr>
224                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00c0</tt></td>
225                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ipi_read()</tt></b>.
226                    Returns the next pending IPI. 0 is returned if there is no
227                    pending IPI (so 0 shouldn't be used for valid IPIs).
228                    Hardware int 6 is deasserted when the IPI queue is empty.
229                <br>Write: <b><tt>ipi_flush()</tt></b>.
230                    Clears the IPI queue, discarding any pending IPIs.</td>
231              </tr>
232              <tr>
233                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00d0</tt></td>
234                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ncycles()</tt></b>.
235                    Returns approximately the number of cycles executed on
236                    this CPU. Note: this value is not updated for every instruction,
237                    so it cannot be used for small measurements.</td>
238              </tr>
239          </table>          </table>
240      </td>      </td>
241    </tr>    </tr>
# Line 337  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 246  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
246    
247    <tr>    <tr>
248      <td align="left" valign="top">      <td align="left" valign="top">
249          <b>fb:</b>          <a name="expdevices_fb"><b><tt>fb</tt>:</b></a>
250          <p>A simple linear framebuffer, for graphics output.          <p>A simple linear framebuffer, for graphics output.
251          640 x 480 pixels, 3 bytes per pixel (red, green, blue, 8 bits each).          640 x 480 pixels, 3 bytes per pixel (red, green, blue, 8 bits each).
252          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">devices/dev_fb.c</font>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_fb.c</tt></font>
253            <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_fb.h</tt></font>
254          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x12000000</font>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x12000000</font>
255      </td>      </td>
256      <td></td>      <td></td>
# Line 351  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 261  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
261              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
262            </tr>            </tr>
263            <tr>            <tr>
264              <td align="left" valign="top">...</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00000-</tt><br><tt>0xe0fff</tt></td>
265              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: read pixel values.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: read pixel values.
266                  <br>Write: write pixel values.</td>                  <br>Write: write pixel values.</td>
267            </tr>            </tr>
# Line 359  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 269  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
269      </td>      </td>
270    </tr>    </tr>
271    
272  </table></center>    <tr height="15">
273        <td height="15">&nbsp;</td>
274  <p>    </tr>
 While these devices may resemble real-world hardware, they are  
 intentionally made simpler to use. (An exception is the framebuffer;  
 some machines actually have simple linear framebuffers like this.)  
   
 <p>  
 If the physical address is 0x10000000, then for MIPS that means that it  
 can be accessed at virtual address 0xffffffffb0000000. (Actually it can be  
 accessed at 0xffffffff90000000 too, but devices should usually be accessed  
 in a non-cached manner.)  
   
 <p>  
 (When using the PPC test machine, "testppc", the addresses are  
 0x10000000, 0x11000000 etc., so no need to add any virtual displacement.)  
   
 <p>  
 The <b>mp</b> device is agnostic when it comes to  
 word-length. For example, when reading offset 0x0000 of the <b>mp</b>  
 device, you may use any kind of read (an 8-bit read will work just as well  
 as a 64-bit read, although the value will be truncated to 8 bits in the  
 first case).  
   
 <p>  
 The <b>cons</b> device should be accessed using 8-bit reads and writes.  
 Doing a getchar() (ie reading from offset 0x0000) returns 0x00 if no  
 character was available.  
   
 <p>  
 On MIPS, the <b>cons</b> device is hardwired to interrupt 2 (the lowest  
 hardware interrupt). Whenever a character is available, the interrupt is  
 asserted. When there are no more available characters, the interrupt is  
 deasserted. (Remember that the interrupt has to be enabled in the status  
 register of the system coprocessor.)  
   
   
   
   
   
   
 <p><br>  
 <a name="experiments"></a>  
 <h3>Experiments with other kernels and guest OSes:</h3>  
   
 <p>  
 Operating system kernels and other test programs can be downloaded from  
 various places. Here are links to some of the kernels that I usually  
 experiment with.  
   
 <p>  
 <font color="#ff0000">  
 NOTE: This is <i>not</i> a list of kernels that work in the emulator.  
 It is a list of kernels that I experiment with.  
 </font>  
   
 <p>  
 For more information about which of these that actually work, read the  
 <a href="intro.html#guestos">section in the Introduction chapter</a>  
 that lists guest operating systems. If a system is not listed there, it  
 probably doesn't work in GXemul.  
   
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   <li>DECstation:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip the files, and run the emulator with <b>-E dec -e 3max -q -N -XY2</b>  
         for a graphical framebuffer console. Remove <b>-XY2</b> and <b>-N</b> to use serial (stdin/stdout) console.  
         Read <a href="guestoses.html#netbsdinstall">this section</a> about how to install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/bsd</a>  
         <br>This is an old OpenBSD kernel in a.out format. Try <b>-E dec -e 3max</b>.  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdinstall">this section</a> about how to install OpenBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image.  
         It's a bit more complicated than installing NetBSD/pmax, but might work.  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux for DECstation:  
         <br>Here is a Debian package containing a Linux 2.4.26 kernel for  
                 DECstation which supports framebuffer!  
         <br><a href="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/k/kernel-patch-2.4.26-mips/kernel-image-2.4.26-r3k-kn02_2.4.26-0.040505.1_mipsel.deb">http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/k/kernel-patch-2.4.26-mips/  
         <br>kernel-image-2.4.26-r3k-kn02_2.4.26-0.040505.1_mipsel.deb</a>  
         <br>Run the following commands to extract the kernel:<pre>  
         <b>ar x kernel-image-2.4.26-r3k-kn02_2.4.26-0.040505.1_mipsel.deb data.tar.gz</b>  
         <b>tar xfzv data.tar.gz ./boot/vmlinux-2.4.26-r3k-kn02</b>  
         <b>mv boot/vmlinux-* .; rmdir boot</b>  
 </pre>  
         <br>To try with the framebuffer: <b>-E dec -e 3max -X vmlinux-2.4.26-r3k-kn02</b>  
         <br>To try with serial console: <b>-E dec -e 3max -o 'console=ttyS3' vmlinux-2.4.26-r3k-kn02</b>  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#declinux">this section</a> about how to run a Debian Linux install kernel.  
         <br>Here are some older kernels (these don't support framebuffer, I think):  
                 <a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~vhouten/mipsel/kernels.html">http://www.xs4all.nl/~vhouten/mipsel/kernels.html</a>  
         <br>Note: Make sure you add <b>-CR4400</b> to the command line for  
                 R4000 kernels, as Linux doesn't autodetect CPU type at runtime.  
       <p>  
       <li>Sprite:  
         <br>The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS, <a href="http://www.tuhs.org">www.tuhs.org</a>)  
                 has preserved a copy of a harddisk image for a DECstation 5000/200:  
                 <a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/">http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite</a>/<a href="http://www.es.embnet.org/Services/ftp/misc/TUHS/other_os/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ds5000.bt</a>  
         <br>(MD5 (ds5000.bt) = ec84eeeb20fe77b758370d5e312e4a5e)  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#sprite">this section</a> for more information  
                 about running this harddisk image in the emulator.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">Mach</a>:  
         <br>Important! Run <b>./configure --caches; make</b>  
         <br>Download <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release</a>/<a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">pmax.tar.Z</a>  
         <br>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY  
         <br><b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -X pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>SGI:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try running with <b>-E sgi -e ip32</b>.  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try running with <b>-E sgi -e ip22</b> (or <b>-e ip24</b> or <b>-e ip20</b>).  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux/SGI:  
         <br>Some kernels are available here: <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/~glaurung/">http://www.linux-mips.org/~glaurung/</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b>-E sgi -e ip32 -X</b> for a graphical framebuffer, or  
                 <b>-E sgi -e ip32 -o 'console=ttyS0'</b> for serial console.  
         <br>Adding -b (bintrans) might work sometimes.  
         <br>(You need to add <b>-CR5000</b> if you're trying to run  
                 a kernel compiled for R5000, because Linux  
                 doesn't autodetect CPU at runtime.)  
         <br>Also: <a href="http://www.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://www.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32">vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32</a>  
         <br>Try <b>-E sgi -e ip32 -b -X -CR5000 vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32</b>.  
         <br>And also some IP27 kernels:  
                 <a href="http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040428">http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040428</a>  
                 and  
                 <a href="http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040528.bz2">http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040528.bz2</a>  
                 (but unfortunately these lack symbols).  
         <br>Try the IP27 kernels with <b>-E sgi -e ip27 -t</b>.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>:  
         <br>Snapshots can be found at <a href="ftp://ftp.OpenBSD.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi/">ftp://ftp.OpenBSD.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi/</a>.  
         <br>Try <b>gxemul -b -E sgi -e ip32 bsd.rd</b>  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/platforms/mips.html">FreeBSD/MIPS</a>:  
                 I don't think public binary snapshots are available yet.  
       <p>  
       <li>arcdiag:  
         <br>The NetBSD people have also made available an "arcdiag" for SGI-IP22:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/sgimips/arcdiag.ip22">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/sgimips/arcdiag.ip22</a>  
         <br>Try running <b>gxemul -E sgi -e ip22 -x arcdiag.ip22</b>.  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>ARC:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try with <b>-E arc -e rd94</b>.  
         <br>(You may also try other ARC models.)  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#netbsdarcinstall">this section</a> about how  
                 to install NetBSD/arc onto a harddisk image.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">OpenBSD/arc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd.rd.elf">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd.rd.elf</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b>-X -E arc -e pica</b> or <b>-X -E arc -e tyne</b>.  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdarcinstall">this section</a> about how  
                 to install OpenBSD/arc onto a harddisk image.  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/boot/vmlinux-m700-2.1.131.gz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/boot/vmlinux-m700-2.1.131.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and run with <b>-v -J -X -N -E arc -e m700</b> (Olivetti M700)  
       <p>  
       <li>Pandora:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo/">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo/milo-0.27.1.tar.gz">milo-0.27.1.tar.gz</a>  
         <br>A generic test/diagnostics program for ARC-based machines.  
         <br>Run with <b>-E arc -e r94 milo-0.27.1/pandora</b>  
       <p>  
       <li>arcdiag:  
         <br>Precompiled binary:<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/arc/arcdiag">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/arc/arcdiag</a>  
         <br>(alternative: <a href="http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag">http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag</a>)  
         <br>A generic test/diagnostics program for ARC-based machines.  
         <br>Run with <b>-E arc -e pica arcdiag</b> (or some other ARC mode).  
         <br>Example arcdiag output (from real machines):  
         <br><a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/18/0001.html">http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/18/0001.html</a> (Olivetti M700-10)  
         <br><a href="http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag.txt">http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag.txt</a> (PICA-61)  
         <br><a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/14/0000.html">http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/14/0000.html</a> (Deskstation Tyne)  
         <br><a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2004/02/01/0001.html">http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2004/02/01/0001.html</a> (NEC RISCserver 4200)  
         <br><a href="http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/NetBSD/misc/chs/arcdiag.out">http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/NetBSD/misc/chs/arcdiag.out</a> (NEC-R96)  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>HPCmips:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz">netbsd.gz</a>  
         <br>Try <b>gxemul -X -b -E hpc -e mobilepro770 netbsd</b>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>  
         <br>Try <b>gxemul -X -b -E hpc -e mobilepro770 netbsd-GENERIC</b>  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux for BE300:  
         <br><a href="http://www.linux4.be/2004/linux4be20040908.zip">http://www.linux4.be/2004/linux4be20040908.zip</a>  
         <br>Try <b>gxemul -X -b -E hpc -e be300 vmlinux</b>  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux for Agenda VR3:  
         <br>Download <a href="http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary/">http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary</a>/<a href="http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary/root1.2.6.kernel-8.00">root1.2.6.kernel-8.00</a>  
         <br>and <a href="http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O/">http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O</a>/<a href="http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O/root1.2.6.cramfs">root1.2.6.cramfs</a>.  
         <br>(or <a href="http://www.ipsec.info/~www/agenda/dream-1-noxip.cramfs">http://www.ipsec.info/~www/agenda/dream-1-noxip.cramfs</a>)  
         <br>Try <b>gxemul -b -X -E hpc -e vr3 0xbf200000:root1.2.6.cramfs 0xbf000000:0:0xbf0005e0:root1.2.6.kernel-8.00</b>  
         <br>(or replace root1.2.6.cramfs with dream-1-noxip.cramfs)  
         <br>Remove <b>-X</b> to try with serial console instead of X, and  
                 remove <b>-b</b> to try without (old) bintrans.  
         <br>Add <b>-o 'init=/bin/sh'</b> to boot into a single-user shell.  
         <br>Add <b>-o 'init=/sbin/restore_defaults'</b> to run  
                 a /sbin/restore_defaults (attempt to initialize the flash  
                 memory).  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux for MobilePro etc.:  
         <br><a href="http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Kernels/">http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Kernels/</a>  
         <br>Uncompress the archive to get a kernel, vmlinux-800 for example.  
         <br>Try <b>./gxemul -b -X -o 'root=/dev/hda1' -d r:disk.img -d r:disk.img -Ehpc -e mobilepro800 vmlinux-800</b>  
         <br>where disk.img is an ext2fs filesystem with contents from  
         <a href="http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Miniroots/miniroot-20010330.tar.bz2">http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Miniroots/miniroot-20010330.tar.bz2</a>  
         <br>(Note the double disk arguments.)  
         <br>Note 2: This doesn't work yet.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/">OpenBSD/be300</a>:  
         <br><a href="http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/bsd.rd">http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/bsd.rd</a>  
         <br>Try <b>gxemul -X -b -E hpc -e be300 bsd.rd</b>  
         <br>Note: -b might be buggy, so you can try without that if you want to.  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Playstation 2:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/playstation2/">NetBSD/playstation2</a>:  
         <br>NetBSD/playstation2 snapshot kernels are available here: (RAMDISK and GENERIC)  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/installation/netbsd.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/installation/netbsd.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b>-X -E playstation2</b>  (<b>-X</b> is required, for the framebuffer).  
   
       <p>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br>A Linux kernel (2.2.21-pre1-xr7) is available from  
         <a href="http://playstation2-linux.com/projects/xrhino-kernel/">http://playstation2-linux.com/projects/xrhino-kernel/</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b>-X -E playstation2</b>  (<b>-X</b> is required, for the framebuffer).  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
 </ul>  
   
 <p>  
 The following work even less than the ones listed above:  
   
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   <li>Cobalt:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and run with <b>-E cobalt</b>  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br><a href="http://people.debian.org/~pm/mips-cobalt/nfsroot/vmlinux_raq-2800.gz">http://people.debian.org/~pm/mips-cobalt/nfsroot/vmlinux_raq-2800.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and run with <b>-E cobalt</b>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Sony NeWS:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/newsmips/">NetBSD/newsmips</a>:  
         <br>A NetBSD/newsmips kernel and corresponding symbols are  
                 available here:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b>-E sonynews</b>.  
         <br>There's also a boot floppy available, but the emulator currently  
                 doesn't support booting from it:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6/newsmips/installation/floppy/boot.fs">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6/newsmips/installation/floppy/boot.fs</a>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li><a href="http://www.meshcube.org/">MeshCube</a>:  
     <ul>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br>A Linux kernel is available from  
         <a href="http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable/">http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable</a>/<a href="http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable/kernel-image-mtx_2.4.24-3_mipsel.ipk">kernel-image-mtx_2.4.24-3_mipsel.ipk</a>  
         <br>(This is a Debian package, you can use <b>ar</b> and <b>tar</b>  
                 to extract kernel.img from it.)  
         <br>Try running with <b>-E meshcube 0x80800000:kernel.img</b>.  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li><a href="http://www.seattlewireless.net/index.cgi/NetgearWG602">NetGear WG602</a>:  
     <ul>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br>A Linux kernel is available from  
         <a href="ftp://downloads.netgear.com/files/wg602_v1715.zip">ftp://downloads.netgear.com/files/wg602_v1715.zip</a>  
         <br>(Unzip wg602_v1715.zip to get WG602_V1715.img.)  
         <br>Try running with <b>-E netgear 0xbfc80000:0x40:WG602_V1715.img</b>.  
         <br>(It takes some time to decompress the kernel, so be patient.)  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Linksys WRT54G:  
     <ul>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br><a href="http://openwrt.org/">OpenWRT</a> is a Linux  
                 distribution for the WRT54G.  
         <br><a href="http://www.batbox.org/wrt54g-linux.html">BatBox</a>  
                 is another distribution.  
         <br>Download <a href="http://pjf.dotgeek.org/downloads/openwrt/openwrt-g-code.bin">http://pjf.dotgeek.org/downloads/openwrt/openwrt-g-code.bin</a>  
                 (or a similar .bin file).  
         <br>From offset 60 and forward in the bin file, there is a gzip file.  
         <br>$ <b>dd if=openwrt-g-code.bin of=piggy.gz bs=60 iseek=1 oseek=0</b>  
         <br>$ <b>gunzip piggy.gz</b>  
         <br>$ <b>gxemul -E linksys -t 0x80001000:piggy</b>  
         <br>There's also a .bin file available from linksys:  
                 <a href="ftp://ftp.linksys.com/pub/network/WRT54G_1.30.7_US_code.bin">ftp://ftp.linksys.com/pub/network/WRT54G_1.30.7_US_code.bin</a>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
 </ul>  
   
 <p>  
 The following don't work at all, actually, because the PPC and SPARC  
 modes are just skeletons so far.  
   
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   
   <li>Walnut (evbppc):  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbppc/">NetBSD/evbppc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/evbppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL_WALNUT.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/evbppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL_WALNUT.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br>$ <b>gxemul -E walnut -v -t netbsd-INSTALL_WALNUT</b>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
275    
276    <li>Artesyn's PM/PPC board (pmppc):    <tr>
277      <ul>      <td align="left" valign="top">
278        <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmppc/">NetBSD/pmppc</a>:          <a name="expdevices_disk"><b><tt>disk</tt>:</b></a>
279          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>          <p>Disk controller, which can read from and write
280          <br>gunzip, and try the following:          to emulated IDE disks. It does not use interrupts; read and
281          <br>$ <b>gxemul -E pmppc netbsd-INSTALL</b>          write operations finish instantaneously.
282      </ul>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_disk.c</tt></font>
283    </li>          <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_disk.h</tt></font>
284            <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x13000000</font>
285        </td>
286        <td></td>
287        <td align="left" valign="top">
288            <table border="0">
289              <tr>
290                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Offset:</u></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
291                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
292              </tr>
293              <tr>
294                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000</tt></td>
295                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Set the offset (in bytes) from the beginning
296                    of the disk image. This offset will be used for the next read/write operation.</td>
297              </tr>
298              <tr>
299                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0010</tt></td>
300                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Select the IDE ID to be used in the next
301                    read/write operation.</td>
302              </tr>
303              <tr>
304                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0020</tt></td>
305                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Start a read or write operation.
306                    (Writing <tt>0</tt> means a Read operation, a <tt>1</tt> means a
307                    Write operation.)</td>
308              </tr>
309              <tr>
310                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0030</tt></td>
311                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: Get status of the last operation.
312                    (Status 0 means failure, non-zero means success.)</td>
313              </tr>
314              <tr>
315                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4000-</tt><br><tt>0x41ff</tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
316                <td align="left" valign="top">Read/Write: 512 bytes data buffer.</td>
317              </tr>
318            </table>
319        </td>
320      </tr>
321    
322    <p>    <tr height="15">
323        <td height="15">&nbsp;</td>
324      </tr>
325    
326    <li>Motorola Sandpoint (sandpoint):    <tr>
327      <ul>      <td align="left" valign="top">
328        <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sandpoint/">NetBSD/sandpoint</a>:          <a name="expdevices_ether"><b><tt>ether</tt>:</b></a>
329          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sandpoint/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sandpoint/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>          <p>A simple ethernet controller, enough to send
330          <br>gunzip, and try the following:          and receive packets on a simulated network.
331          <br>$ <b>gxemul -E sandpoint -v -t netbsd-INSTALL</b>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_ether.c</tt></font>
332      </ul>          <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_ether.h</tt></font>
333    </li>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x14000000</font>
334        </td>
335        <td></td>
336        <td align="left" valign="top">
337            <table border="0">
338              <tr>
339                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Offset:</u></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
340                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
341              </tr>
342              <tr>
343                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000-</tt><br><tt>0x3fff</tt></td>
344                <td align="left" valign="top">Read/write buffer for the packet to be sent/received.</td>
345              </tr>
346              <tr>
347                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4000</tt></td>
348                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: status word, one or more of these:
349                    <br><tt>0x01</tt>&nbsp;=&nbsp;something was received (because of
350                    the last command)
351                    <br><tt>0x02</tt>&nbsp;=&nbsp;more packets are available
352                    <br><i>NOTE:</i> Whenever the status word is non-zero,
353                            an interrupt is asserted. Reading the status word
354                            clears it, and deasserts the interrupt.</td>
355              </tr>
356              <tr>
357                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4010</tt></td>
358                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: get the Length of the received packet
359                    <br>Write: set the Length of the next packet to transmit</td>
360              </tr>
361              <tr>
362                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4020</tt></td>
363                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: command:
364                    <br><tt>0x00:</tt>&nbsp;receive a packet
365                    <br><tt>0x01:</tt>&nbsp;send a packet</td>
366              </tr>
367            </table>
368        </td>
369      </tr>
370    
371    <p>    <tr height="15">
372        <td height="15">&nbsp;</td>
373      </tr>
374    
375    <li>PReP:    <tr>
376      <ul>      <td align="left" valign="top">
377        <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a>:          <a name="expdevices_rtc"><b><tt>rtc</tt>:</b></a>
378          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>          <p>A Real-Time Clock, used to retrieve the current time
379          <br>gunzip, and try the following:          and to cause periodic interrupts.
380          <br>$ <b>gxemul -E prep -v -t netbsd-INSTALL</b>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_rtc.c</tt></font>
381        <p>          <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_rtc.h</tt></font>
382        <li>Linux:          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x15000000</font>
383          <br><a href="http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/linux_images/2.4.25-PPC/vmlinux">http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/linux_images/2.4.25-PPC/vmlinux</a>      </td>
384          <br>$ <b>gxemul -E prep -v -t vmlinux</b>      <td></td>
385      </ul>      <td align="left" valign="top">
386    </li>          <table border="0">
387              <tr>
388                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Offset:</u></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
389                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
390              </tr>
391              <tr>
392                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000</tt></td>
393                <td align="left" valign="top">Read or Write: Trigger a clock update (a gettimeofday() on the host).</td>
394              </tr>
395              <tr>
396                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0010</tt></td>
397                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: Seconds since 1st January 1970</td>
398              </tr>
399              <tr>
400                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0020</tt></td>
401                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: Microseconds</td>
402              </tr>
403              <tr>
404                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0100</tt></td>
405                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: Get the current
406                    timer interrupt frequency.<br>Write: Set the timer
407                    interrupt frequency. (Writing 0 disables the timer.)</td>
408              </tr>
409              <tr>
410                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0110</tt></td>
411                <td align="left" valign="top">Read or Write: Acknowledge
412                    one timer interrupt. (Note that if multiple interrupts
413                    are pending, only one is acknowledged.)</td>
414              </tr>
415            </table>
416        </td>
417      </tr>
418    
419    <p>    <tr height="15">
420        <td height="15">&nbsp;</td>
421      </tr>
422    
423    <li>MacPPC:    <tr>
424      <ul>      <td align="left" valign="top">
425        <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/">NetBSD/macppc</a>:          <a name="expdevices_irqc"><b><tt>irqc</tt>:</b></a>
426          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/macppc/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/macppc/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>          <p>An Interrupt Controller. (Note: Not used for the MIPS test machine.)
427          <br>$ <b>gxemul -E macppc -e g4 -t netbsd-INSTALL</b>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_irqc.c</tt></font>
428        <p>          <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_irqc.h</tt></font>
429        <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/macppc.html">OpenBSD/macppc</a>:          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x16000000</font>
430          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc/">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc/bsd.rd">bsd.rd</a>      </td>
431          <br>$ <b>gxemul -E macppc -e g4 -t bsd.rd</b>      <td></td>
432      </ul>      <td align="left" valign="top">
433    </li>          <table border="0">
434              <tr>
435                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Offset:</u></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
436                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
437              </tr>
438              <tr>
439                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0</tt></td>
440                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: IRQ status as a 32-bit word, one bit per interrupt source.</td>
441              </tr>
442              <tr>
443                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4</tt></td>
444                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Mask one interrupt source. Value should be an integer 0..31.</td>
445              </tr>
446              <tr>
447                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x8</tt></td>
448                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Unmask one interrupt source. Value should be an integer 0..31.</td>
449              </tr>
450            </table>
451        </td>
452      </tr>
453    
454    <p>  </table></center>
455    
456    <li>BeBox:  <p>The include files for the test machine devices are found in
457      <ul>  <a href="../src/include/testmachine/"><tt>src/include/testmachine/</tt></a>.
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/bebox/">NetBSD/bebox</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/kern.tgz">kern.tgz</a>  
         <br>$ <b>tar tvzf kern.tgz</b>  
         <br>$ <b>gxemul -E bebox netbsd</b>  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.bebox.nu/os.php?s=os/linux/index">Linux/bebox</a>:  
         <br><a href="http://www.bebox.nu/files/linux/BeBox-scsi-980610.gz">http://www.bebox.nu/files/linux/BeBox-scsi-980610.gz</a>  
         <br>$ <b>gunzip BeBox-scsi-980610.gz</b>  
         <br>$ <b>gxemul -E bebox 0x3100:0x400:BeBox-scsi-980610</b>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
458    
459    <p>  <p>While these devices may resemble real-world hardware, they are
460    intentionally made simpler to use. (An exception is the framebuffer;
461    some machines actually have simple linear framebuffers like this.)
462    
463    <li>SPARC64:  <p>If the physical address is <tt>0x10000000</tt>, then for MIPS that
464      <ul>  means that it can be accessed at virtual address
465        <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sparc64/">NetBSD/sparc64</a>:  <tt>0xffffffffb0000000</tt>. (Actually it can be accessed at
466          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  <tt>0xffffffff90000000</tt> too, but devices should usually be accessed in
467          <br>gunzip, and try the following:  a non-cached manner.)
468          <br>$ <b>gxemul -E ultra1 -v -i netbsd-INSTALL</b>  
469        <p>  <p>When using the ARM or PPC test machines, the addresses are
470        <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html">OpenBSD/sparc64</a>:  <tt>0x10000000</tt>, <tt>0x11000000</tt> etc., so no need to add any
471          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/sparc64/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/sparc64/bsd.rd</a>  virtual displacement.
472          <br>rename to bsd.rd.gz, gunzip, and try the following:  
473          <br>$ <b>gxemul -E ultra1 -v -i bsd.rd</b>  <p>The <tt>mp</tt>, <tt>disk</tt>, and <tt>ether</tt> devices are agnostic
474      </ul>  when it comes to word-length. For example, when reading offset
475    </li>  <tt>0x0000</tt> of the <tt>mp</tt> device, you may use any kind of read
476  </ul>  (an 8-bit read will work just as well as a 64-bit read, although the value
477    will be truncated to 8 bits in the first case). You can <i>not</i>,
478    however, read one byte from <tt>0x0000</tt> and one from <tt>0x0001</tt>,
479    and combine the result. The read from <tt>0x0001</tt> will be invalid.
480    
481    <p>The <tt>cons</tt> device should be accessed using 8-bit reads
482    and writes. Doing a getchar() (ie reading from offset <tt>0x00</tt>)  
483    returns <tt>0</tt> if no character was available. Whenever a character is
484    available, the <tt>cons</tt> device' interrupt is asserted. When there are
485    no more available characters, the interrupt is deasserted. (Remember that
486    the interrupt has to be unmasked to be able to actually cause an
487    interrupt.)
488    
489    <p>IPIs (inter-processor interrupts) are controlled by the <tt>mp</tt>
490    device. Whenever an IPI is "sent" from a source to one or more target
491    CPUs, the interrupt is asserted on the target CPUs, and the IPI number is
492    added last in the IPI queue for each of the target CPUs. It is then up to
493    those CPUs to individually read from offset <tt>0x00c0</tt>, to figure out
494    what kind of IPI it was.
495    
 <p>  
 The URISC emulation mode is just for fun. (Read  
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URISC">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URISC</a>  
 for more info.)  
496    
 <p>  
 <ul>  
497    
498    <li>URISC:  <p>Interrupt mappings are as follows:
499      <ul>  
500        <li>I've placed a small test program in the experiments directory.  <p><center>
501          <br>Start like this: <b>gxemul -E testurisc 0:urisc_test.bin</b>  <table border="1">
502          <br>or, if you want to single-step:          <tr><td align="center">
503                  <b>gxemul -V -E testurisc 0:urisc_test.bin</b>                  <b><tt>testmips</tt></b> (as native MIPS interrupts)
504          <br>2005-03-01: All outputed characters are printed twice. I'll          </td></tr>
505          try to make a pseudo-device for outputing to "normal" devices          <tr><td>
506          later.                  <table border="0">
507      </ul>                  <tr><td align="center">IRQ:</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
508    </li>                          <td>Used for:</td></tr>
509                    <tr><td align="center">7</td><td></td>
510                            <td>MIPS count/compare interrupt</td></tr>
511                    <tr><td align="center">6</td><td></td>
512                            <td><tt>mp</tt> (inter-processor interrupts)</td></tr>
513                    <tr><td align="center">4</td><td></td>
514                            <td><tt>rtc</tt></td></tr>
515                    <tr><td align="center">3</td><td></td>
516                            <td><tt>ether</tt></td></tr>
517                    <tr><td align="center">2</td><td></td>
518                            <td><tt>cons</tt></td></tr>
519                    </table>
520            </td></tr>
521    </table>
522    
523  </ul>  <p><table border="1">
524            <tr><td align="center">
525                    <b><tt>testarm</tt> and others</b> (via the <tt>irqc</tt> device)
526            </td></tr>
527            <tr><td>
528                    <table border="0">
529                    <tr><td align="center">IRQ:</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
530                            <td>Used for:</td></tr>
531                    <tr><td align="center">6</td><td></td>
532                            <td><tt>mp</tt> (inter-processor interrupts)</td></tr>
533                    <tr><td align="center">4</td><td></td>
534                            <td><tt>rtc</tt></td></tr>
535                    <tr><td align="center">3</td><td></td>
536                            <td><tt>ether</tt></td></tr>
537                    <tr><td align="center">2</td><td></td>
538                            <td><tt>cons</tt></td></tr>
539                    </table>
540            </td></tr>
541    </table>
542    </center>
543    
544    
545    
546    <p><br>
547    
548    
549    
Legend:
Removed from v.2  
changed lines
  Added in v.42
  ViewVC Help
Powered by ViewVC 1.1.26