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1  <html>  <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Experimenting with GXemul</title>
2  <head><title>GXemul documentation: Experimenting with GXemul</title>  <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
 <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex">  
 </head>  
3  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
4  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7  <b>GXemul documentation:</b></font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:</b></font><br>
8  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Experimenting with GXemul</b>  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Experimenting with GXemul</b>
9  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
10    
11  <!--  <!--
12    
13  $Id: experiments.html,v 1.76 2005/06/24 09:33:32 debug Exp $  $Id: experiments.html,v 1.102 2006/06/12 10:21:12 debug Exp $
14    
15  Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.  Copyright (C) 2003-2006  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
16    
17  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
# Line 50  SUCH DAMAGE. Line 48  SUCH DAMAGE.
48  <ul>  <ul>
49    <li><a href="#hello">Hello world</a>    <li><a href="#hello">Hello world</a>
50    <li><a href="#expdevices">Experimental devices</a>    <li><a href="#expdevices">Experimental devices</a>
   <li><a href="#experiments">Experiments with other kernels and guest OSes</a>  
51  </ul>  </ul>
52    
53    
# Line 68  that you do two things: Line 65  that you do two things:
65    
66  <p>  <p>
67  <ul>  <ul>
68    <li>Build and install a cross-compiler for MIPS.    <li>Build and install a cross-compiler for your chosen target.
69    <li>Compile this hello world program, and run it in the emulator.          GCC is usually a good compiler choice, because it is portable
70  </ul>          and in wide-spread use. (Other compilers should work too.)
   
 <p>  
 <table border="0"><tr><td width="40">&nbsp;</td><td>  
 <pre>  
 <font color=#f00000>/*  Hello world for GXemul  */  
   
 /*  Note: The cast to a signed int causes the address to be sign-extended  
     correctly to 0xffffffffb00000xx when compiled in 64-bit mode  */  
 </font><font color=#a0a0a0>#define      PUTCHAR_ADDRESS         ((signed int)0xb0000000)  
 #define HALT_ADDRESS            ((signed int)0xb0000010)  
   
 </font><font color=#c000c0>void </font><font color=#000000><a name="printchar">printchar</a>(</font><font color=#c000c0>char </font><font color=#000000>ch)  
 {  
         *((</font><font color=#c000c0>volatile unsigned char </font><font color=#000000>*) PUTCHAR_ADDRESS) = ch;  
 }  
   
 </font><font color=#c000c0>void </font><font color=#000000><a name="halt">halt</a>(</font><font color=#c000c0>void</font><font color=#000000>)  
 {  
         *((</font><font color=#c000c0>volatile unsigned char </font><font color=#000000>*) HALT_ADDRESS) = 0;  
 }  
   
 </font><font color=#c000c0>void </font><font color=#000000><a name="printstr">printstr</a>(</font><font color=#c000c0>char </font><font color=#000000>*s)  
 {  
         </font><font color=#c000c0>while </font><font color=#000000>(*s)  
                 printchar(*s++);  
 }  
   
 </font><font color=#c000c0>void </font><font color=#000000>f(</font><font color=#c000c0>void</font><font color=#000000>)  
 {  
         printstr(</font><font color=#00c000>"Hello world\n"</font><font color=#000000>);  
         halt();  
 }  
 </font></pre>  
 </td></tr></table>  
   
 <p>(This hello world program is available here as well:  
 <a href="hello_mips.c"><tt>hello_mips.c</tt></a>)  
   
 <p>I recommend that you build a GCC cross compiler for the  
 <b>mips64-unknown-elf</b> target, and install it. Other compilers could  
 work too, but GCC is good because of its portability. Then try to compile  
 and link the hello world program:  
 <pre>  
         $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-gcc -O2 hello_mips.c -mips4 -mabi=64 -c</b>  
         $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-ld -Ttext 0xa800000000030000 -e f hello_mips.o -o hello_mips --oformat=elf64-bigmips</b>  
         $ <b>file hello_mips</b>  
         hello_mips: ELF 64-bit MSB mips-4 executable, MIPS R3000_BE, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped  
         $ <b>gxemul -q -E testmips hello_mips</b>  
         Hello world  
   
         $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-gcc -O2 hello_mips.c -c</b>  
         $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-ld -Ttext 0x80030000 -e f hello_mips.o -o hello_mips</b>  
         $ <b>file hello_mips</b>  
         hello_mips: ELF 32-bit MSB mips-3 executable, MIPS R3000_BE, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped  
         $ <b>gxemul -q -E testmips hello_mips</b>  
         Hello world  
 </pre>  
   
 <p>  
 As you can see above, a GCC configured for mips64-unknown-elf can produce  
 both 64-bit and 32-bit binaries. If you don't want to run the entire  
 Hello World program, but want to single-step through the execution to  
 learn more about how MIPS programs run, then add -V to the command line:  
71    
72  <p>    <p>
73  <pre>    <li>Compile the Hello World demo program for your chosen target, and run
74          $ <b>gxemul -V -E testmips hello_mips</b>          it in the emulator.
75          ..  </ul>
         GXemul&gt; <b>r</b>  
         cpu0:    pc = a800000000030078    <f>  
         cpu0:    hi = 0000000000000000    lo = 0000000000000000  
         cpu0:    zr = 0000000000000000    at = 0000000000000000  
         cpu0:    v0 = 0000000000000000    v1 = 0000000000000000  
         ..  
         cpu0:    gp = a8000000000780c0    sp = ffffffffa0007f00  
         cpu0:    fp = 0000000000000000    ra = 0000000000000000  
         GXemul&gt; <b>s 15</b>  
         &lt;f&gt;  
         a800000000030078: 67bdfff0      daddiu  sp,sp,-16  
         a80000000003007c: 3c04a800      lui     a0,0xa800  
         a800000000030080: 3c010003      lui     at,0x3  
         a800000000030084: 64840000      daddiu  a0,a0,0  
         a800000000030088: 642100b8      daddiu  at,at,184  
         a80000000003008c: 0004203c      dsll32  a0,a0,0  
         a800000000030090: 0081202d      daddu   a0,a0,at  
         a800000000030094: ffbf0000      sd      ra,0(sp)  [0xffffffffa0007ef0, data=0x0000000000000000]  
         a800000000030098: 0c00c00a      jal     0xa800000000030028 &lt;printstr&gt;  
         a80000000003009c: 00000000 (d)  nop  
           &lt;printstr("Hello world\n",0,0,0,..)&gt;  
         &lt;printstr&gt;  
         a800000000030028: 67bdfff0      daddiu  sp,sp,-16  
         a80000000003002c: ffb00000      sd      s0,0(sp)  [0xffffffffa0007ee0, data=0x0000000000000000]  
         a800000000030030: ffbf0008      sd      ra,8(sp)  [0xffffffffa0007ee8, data=0xa8000000000300a0]  
         a800000000030034: 90820000      lbu     v0,0(a0)  [0xa8000000000300b8 = $LC0, data=0x48]  
         a800000000030038: 00021600      sll     v0,v0,24  
         GXemul&gt; <b>print v0</b>  
         v0 = 0x0000000048000000  
         GXemul&gt; <b><blink>_</blink></b>  
 </pre>  
   
 <p>  
 The syntax of the single-step debugger shouldn't be too hard to grasp.  
 Type 's' to single-step one instruction. Just pressing enter after that  
 will repeat the 's' command. Type 'quit' to quit.  
   
 <p>  
 Hopefully this is enough to get you inspired. :-)  
   
   
   
 <p><br>  
 <h4>Hello World for GXemul's PPC mode</h4>  
76    
77  GXemul also has an experimental PowerPC emulation mode.  <p>The Hello World demo program is included in the GXemul source
78  <a href="hello_ppc.c"><tt>hello_ppc.c</tt></a> is similar to  code distribution, in the <a href="../demos/hello/"><tt>demos/hello/</tt></a>
79  <tt>hello_mips.c</tt>, but should be compiled and run as follows:  subdirectory. The README files in the demo directories have several
80  <p>  examples of how the demo programs can be built.
 <pre>  
         $ <b>ppc-unknown-elf-gcc -O2 hello_ppc.c -c</b>  
         $ <b>ppc-unknown-elf-ld -e f hello_ppc.o -o hello_ppc</b>  
         $ <b>file hello_ppc</b>  
         hello_ppc: ELF 32-bit MSB executable, PowerPC or cisco 4500,  
           version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped  
         $ <b>gxemul -q -E testppc hello_ppc</b>  
         Hello world  
 </pre>  
81    
82  <p>  <p>Hopefully this is enough to get you inspired. :-)
 [&nbsp;2005-02-18: I haven't yet been able to build a GCC for ppc64 (only the  
 binutils toolchain), because the gcc sources seem to include Linux header files  
 that aren't present on my FreeBSD system. 32-bit PPC works ok, though.&nbsp;]  
83    
84    
85    
# Line 217  It can either run in "bare" mode, where Line 95  It can either run in "bare" mode, where
95  (just the CPU), or in a "test" mode where some simple devices are  (just the CPU), or in a "test" mode where some simple devices are
96  emulated.  emulated.
97    
98  <p>  <p>The test machines (<tt>testmips</tt>, <tt>testppc</tt>, etc) have the
99  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the following experimental devices:  following experimental devices:
100    
101  <p>  <p>
102  <center><table border="0" width="80%">  <center><table border="0" width="80%">
103    
104    <tr>    <tr>
105      <td align="left" valign="top" width="200">      <td align="left" valign="top" width="200">
106          <b><tt>cons</tt>:</b>          <a name="expdevices_cons"><b><tt>cons</tt>:</b></a>
107          <p>This is a simple console device, for writing          <p>A simple console device, for writing
108          characters to the controlling terminal.          characters to the controlling terminal
109            and receiving keypresses.
110          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_cons.c</tt></font>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_cons.c</tt></font>
111            <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_cons.h</tt></font>
112          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x10000000</font>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x10000000</font>
113      </td>      </td>
114      <td align="left" valign="top" width="25">&nbsp;</td>      <td align="left" valign="top" width="25">&nbsp;</td>
# Line 239  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo Line 119  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo
119              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
120            </tr>            </tr>
121            <tr>            <tr>
122              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0000</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00</tt></td>
123              <td align="left" valign="top">              <td align="left" valign="top">
124                  Read: <b><tt>getchar()</tt></b> (non-blocking)<br>                  Read: <b><tt>getchar()</tt></b> (non-blocking; returns
125                    <tt>0</tt> if no char was available)<br>
126                  Write: <b><tt>putchar(ch)</tt></b></td>                  Write: <b><tt>putchar(ch)</tt></b></td>
127            </tr>            </tr>
128            <tr>            <tr>
129              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0010</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x10</tt></td>
130              <td align="left" valign="top">Read or write: <b><tt>halt()</tt></b><br>              <td align="left" valign="top">Read or write: <b><tt>halt()</tt></b><br>
131                  (Useful for exiting the emulator.)</td>                  (Useful for exiting the emulator.)</td>
132            </tr>            </tr>
# Line 259  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo Line 140  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo
140    
141    <tr>    <tr>
142      <td align="left" valign="top">      <td align="left" valign="top">
143          <b><tt>mp</tt>:</b>          <a name="expdevices_mp"><b><tt>mp</tt>:</b></a>
144          <p>This device controls the behaviour of CPUs in an emulated          <p>This device controls the behaviour of CPUs in an emulated
145          multi-processor system.          multi-processor system.
146          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_mp.c</tt></font>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_mp.c</tt></font>
147            <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_mp.h</tt></font>
148          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x11000000</font>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x11000000</font>
149      </td>      </td>
150      <td></td>      <td></td>
# Line 273  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo Line 155  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo
155              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
156            </tr>            </tr>
157            <tr>            <tr>
158              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0000</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000</tt></td>
159              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>whoami()</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>whoami()</tt></b>.
160                  Returns the id of the CPU doing the read.</td>                  Returns the id of the CPU doing the read.</td>
161            </tr>            </tr>
162            <tr>            <tr>
163              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0010</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0010</tt></td>
164              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ncpus()</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ncpus()</tt></b>.
165                  Returns the number of CPUs in the system.</td>                  Returns the number of CPUs in the system.</td>
166            </tr>            </tr>
167            <tr>            <tr>
168              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0020</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0020</tt></td>
169              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupcpu(i)</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupcpu(i)</tt></b>.
170                  Starts CPU i. It begins execution at the address                  Starts CPU i. It begins execution at the address
171                  set by a write to startupaddr (see below).</td>                  set by a write to startupaddr (see below).</td>
172            </tr>            </tr>
173            <tr>            <tr>
174              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0030</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0030</tt></td>
175              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupaddr(addr)</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupaddr(addr)</tt></b>.
176                  Sets the starting address for CPUs.</td>                  Sets the starting address for CPUs.</td>
177            </tr>            </tr>
178            <tr>            <tr>
179              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0040</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0040</tt></td>
180              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>pause_addr(addr)</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>pause_addr(addr)</tt></b>.
181                  Sets the pause address. (TODO: This is not                  Sets the pause address. (NOTE: This is not
182                  used anymore?)</td>                  used anymore.)</td>
183            </tr>            </tr>
184            <tr>            <tr>
185              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0050</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0050</tt></td>
186              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>pause_cpu(i)</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>pause_cpu(i)</tt></b>.
187                  Stops all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>                  Pauses all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>
188            </tr>            </tr>
189            <tr>            <tr>
190              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0060</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0060</tt></td>
191              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>unpause_cpu(i)</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>unpause_cpu(i)</tt></b>.
192                  Unpauses all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>                  Unpauses CPU i.</td>
193            </tr>            </tr>
194            <tr>            <tr>
195              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0070</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0070</tt></td>
196              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupstack(addr)</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupstack(addr)</tt></b>.
197                  Sets the startup stack address. (CPUs started with                  Sets the startup stack address. (CPUs started with
198                  startupcpu() above will have their stack pointer                  startupcpu() above will have their stack pointer
199                  set to this value.)</td>                  set to this value.)</td>
200            </tr>            </tr>
201            <tr>            <tr>
202              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0080</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0080</tt></td>
203              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>hardware_random()</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>hardware_random()</tt></b>.
204                  This produces a "random" number.</td>                  This produces a "random" number.</td>
205            </tr>            </tr>
206            <tr>            <tr>
207              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0090</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0090</tt></td>
208              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>memory()</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>memory()</tt></b>.
209                  Returns the number of bytes of RAM in the system.</td>                  Returns the number of bytes of RAM in the system.</td>
210            </tr>            </tr>
211            <tr>            <tr>
212              <td align="left" valign="top">0x00a0</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00a0</tt></td>
213              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>ipi_one((nr &lt;&lt; 16) + cpuid)</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>ipi_one((nr &lt;&lt; 16) + cpuid)</tt></b>.
214                  Sends IPI <tt>nr</tt> to a specific CPU.</td>                  Sends IPI <tt>nr</tt> to a specific CPU.</td>
215            </tr>            </tr>
216            <tr>            <tr>
217              <td align="left" valign="top">0x00b0</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00b0</tt></td>
218              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>ipi_many((nr &lt;&lt; 16) + cpuid)</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>ipi_many((nr &lt;&lt; 16) + cpuid)</tt></b>.
219                  Sends IPI <tt>nr</tt> to all CPUs <i>except</i>                  Sends IPI <tt>nr</tt> to all CPUs <i>except</i>
220                  the specified one.</td>                  the specified one.</td>
221            </tr>            </tr>
222            <tr>            <tr>
223              <td align="left" valign="top">0x00c0</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00c0</tt></td>
224              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ipi_read()</tt></b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ipi_read()</tt></b>.
225                  Returns the next pending IPI. 0 is returned if there is no                  Returns the next pending IPI. 0 is returned if there is no
226                  pending IPI (so 0 shouldn't be used for valid IPIs).                  pending IPI (so 0 shouldn't be used for valid IPIs).
# Line 346  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo Line 228  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo
228              <br>Write: <b><tt>ipi_flush()</tt></b>.              <br>Write: <b><tt>ipi_flush()</tt></b>.
229                  Clears the IPI queue, discarding any pending IPIs.</td>                  Clears the IPI queue, discarding any pending IPIs.</td>
230            </tr>            </tr>
231              <tr>
232                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00d0</tt></td>
233                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ncycles()</tt></b>.
234                    Returns approximately the number of cycles executed.
235                    Note: this value is not updated for every instruction,
236                    so it cannot be used for small measurements.</td>
237              </tr>
238          </table>          </table>
239      </td>      </td>
240    </tr>    </tr>
# Line 356  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo Line 245  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo
245    
246    <tr>    <tr>
247      <td align="left" valign="top">      <td align="left" valign="top">
248          <b><tt>fb</tt>:</b>          <a name="expdevices_fb"><b><tt>fb</tt>:</b></a>
249          <p>A simple linear framebuffer, for graphics output.          <p>A simple linear framebuffer, for graphics output.
250          640 x 480 pixels, 3 bytes per pixel (red, green, blue, 8 bits each).          640 x 480 pixels, 3 bytes per pixel (red, green, blue, 8 bits each).
251          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_fb.c</tt></font>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_fb.c</tt></font>
252            <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_fb.h</tt></font>
253          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x12000000</font>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x12000000</font>
254      </td>      </td>
255      <td></td>      <td></td>
# Line 370  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo Line 260  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo
260              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
261            </tr>            </tr>
262            <tr>            <tr>
263              <td align="left" valign="top">...</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00000-</tt><br><tt>0xe0fff</tt></td>
264              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: read pixel values.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: read pixel values.
265                  <br>Write: write pixel values.</td>                  <br>Write: write pixel values.</td>
266            </tr>            </tr>
# Line 378  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo Line 268  The <tt>testmips</tt> machine has the fo
268      </td>      </td>
269    </tr>    </tr>
270    
271      <tr height="15">
272        <td height="15">&nbsp;</td>
273      </tr>
274    
275      <tr>
276        <td align="left" valign="top">
277            <a name="expdevices_disk"><b><tt>disk</tt>:</b></a>
278            <p>Disk controller, which can read from and write
279            to emulated IDE disks. It does not use interrupts; read and
280            write operations finish instantaneously.
281            <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_disk.c</tt></font>
282            <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_disk.h</tt></font>
283            <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x13000000</font>
284        </td>
285        <td></td>
286        <td align="left" valign="top">
287            <table border="0">
288              <tr>
289                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Offset:</u></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
290                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
291              </tr>
292              <tr>
293                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000</tt></td>
294                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Set the offset (in bytes) from the beginning
295                    of the disk image. This offset will be used for the next read/write operation.</td>
296              </tr>
297              <tr>
298                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0010</tt></td>
299                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Select the IDE ID to be used in the next
300                    read/write operation.</td>
301              </tr>
302              <tr>
303                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0020</tt></td>
304                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Start a read or write operation.
305                    (Writing <tt>0</tt> means a Read operation, a <tt>1</tt> means a
306                    Write operation.)</td>
307              </tr>
308              <tr>
309                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0030</tt></td>
310                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: Get status of the last operation.
311                    (Status 0 means failure, non-zero means success.)</td>
312              </tr>
313              <tr>
314                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4000-</tt><br><tt>0x41ff</tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
315                <td align="left" valign="top">Read/Write: 512 bytes data buffer.</td>
316              </tr>
317            </table>
318        </td>
319      </tr>
320    
321      <tr height="15">
322        <td height="15">&nbsp;</td>
323      </tr>
324    
325      <tr>
326        <td align="left" valign="top">
327            <a name="expdevices_ether"><b><tt>ether</tt>:</b></a>
328            <p>A simple ethernet controller, enough to send
329            and receive packets on a simulated network.
330            <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_ether.c</tt></font>
331            <p>Include file:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>dev_ether.h</tt></font>
332            <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x14000000</font>
333        </td>
334        <td></td>
335        <td align="left" valign="top">
336            <table border="0">
337              <tr>
338                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Offset:</u></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
339                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
340              </tr>
341              <tr>
342                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000-</tt><br><tt>0x3fff</tt></td>
343                <td align="left" valign="top">Read/write buffer for the packet to be sent/received.</td>
344              </tr>
345              <tr>
346                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4000</tt></td>
347                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: status word, one or more of these:
348                    <br><tt>0x01</tt>&nbsp;=&nbsp;something was received (because of
349                    the last command)
350                    <br><tt>0x02</tt>&nbsp;=&nbsp;more packets are available
351                    <br><i>NOTE:</i> Whenever the status word is non-zero,
352                            an interrupt is asserted. Reading the status word
353                            clears it, and deasserts the interrupt.</td>
354              </tr>
355              <tr>
356                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4010</tt></td>
357                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: get the Length of the received packet
358                    <br>Write: set the Length of the next packet to transmit</td>
359              </tr>
360              <tr>
361                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4020</tt></td>
362                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: command:
363                    <br><tt>0x00:</tt>&nbsp;receive a packet
364                    <br><tt>0x01:</tt>&nbsp;send a packet</td>
365              </tr>
366            </table>
367        </td>
368      </tr>
369    
370  </table></center>  </table></center>
371    
372  <p>  <p>
# Line 385  While these devices may resemble real-wo Line 374  While these devices may resemble real-wo
374  intentionally made simpler to use. (An exception is the framebuffer;  intentionally made simpler to use. (An exception is the framebuffer;
375  some machines actually have simple linear framebuffers like this.)  some machines actually have simple linear framebuffers like this.)
376    
377  <p>  <p>If the physical address is <tt>0x10000000</tt>, then for MIPS that
378  If the physical address is 0x10000000, then for MIPS that means that it  means that it can be accessed at virtual address
379  can be accessed at virtual address 0xffffffffb0000000. (Actually it can be  <tt>0xffffffffb0000000</tt>. (Actually it can be accessed at
380  accessed at 0xffffffff90000000 too, but devices should usually be accessed  <tt>0xffffffff90000000</tt> too, but devices should usually be accessed in
381  in a non-cached manner.)  a non-cached manner.)
382    
383  <p>  <p>When using the Alpha, ARM, or PPC test machines, the addresses are
384  (When using the PPC test machine (<tt>testppc</tt>), the addresses are  <tt>0x10000000</tt>, <tt>0x11000000</tt> etc., so no need to add any
385  0x10000000, 0x11000000 etc., so no need to add any virtual displacement.)  virtual displacement.
386    
387  <p>The <b><tt>mp</tt></b> device is agnostic when it comes to word-length.  <p>The <tt>mp</tt>, <tt>disk</tt>, and <tt>ether</tt> devices are agnostic
388  For example, when reading offset 0x0000 of the <b><tt>mp</tt></b> device,  when it comes to word-length. For example, when reading offset
389  you may use any kind of read (an 8-bit read will work just as well as a  <tt>0x0000</tt> of the <tt>mp</tt> device, you may use any kind of read
390  64-bit read, although the value will be truncated to 8 bits in the first  (an 8-bit read will work just as well as a 64-bit read, although the value
391  case).  will be truncated to 8 bits in the first case). You can <i>not</i>,
392    however, read one byte from <tt>0x0000</tt> and one from <tt>0x0001</tt>,
393  <p>The <b><tt>cons</tt></b> device should be accessed using 8-bit reads  and combine the result. The read from <tt>0x0001</tt> will be invalid.
394  and writes. Doing a getchar() (ie reading from offset 0x0000) returns 0x00  
395  if no character was available.  <p>The <tt>cons</tt> device should be accessed using 8-bit reads
396    and writes. Doing a getchar() (ie reading from offset <tt>0x00</tt>)  
397  <p>On MIPS, the <b><tt>cons</tt></b> device is hardwired to interrupt 2  returns <tt>0</tt> if no character was available. Whenever a character is
398  (the lowest hardware interrupt). Whenever a character is available, the  available, the <tt>cons</tt> device' interrupt is asserted. When there are
399  interrupt is asserted. When there are no more available characters, the  no more available characters, the interrupt is deasserted. (Remember that
400  interrupt is deasserted. (Remember that the interrupt has to be enabled in  the interrupt has to be unmasked to be able to actually cause an
401  the status register of the system coprocessor.)  interrupt.)
402    
403  <p>The IPIs controlled by the <b><tt>mp</tt></b> device are hardwired to  <p>IPIs (inter-processor interrupts) are controlled by the <tt>mp</tt>
404  interrupt 6. Whenever an IPI is "sent", interrupt 6 is asserted on the  device. Whenever an IPI is "sent" from a source to one or more target
405  target CPU(s), and the IPI number is added last in the IPI queue for that  CPUs, the interrupt is asserted on the target CPUs, and the IPI number is
406  CPU. It is then up to that CPU to read from offset 0x00c0, to figure out  added last in the IPI queue for each of the target CPUs. It is then up to
407    those CPUs to individually read from offset <tt>0x00c0</tt>, to figure out
408  what kind of IPI it was.  what kind of IPI it was.
409    
410    
411    
412    <p>Interrupt mappings are as follows:
413    
414    <p><center>
415    <table border="1">
416            <tr><td align="center">
417                    <b><tt>testmips</tt></b>
418            </td></tr>
419            <tr><td>
420                    <table border="0">
421                    <tr><td align="center">IRQ:</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
422                            <td>Used for:</td></tr>
423                    <tr><td align="center">7</td><td></td>
424                            <td>MIPS count/compare interrupt</td></tr>
425                    <tr><td align="center">6</td><td></td>
426                            <td><tt>mp</tt> (inter-processor interrupts)</td></tr>
427                    <tr><td align="center">3</td><td></td>
428                            <td><tt>ether</tt></td></tr>
429                    <tr><td align="center">2</td><td></td>
430                            <td><tt>cons</tt></td></tr>
431                    </table>
432            </td></tr>
433    </table>
434    </center>
435    
436  <p><br>  <p>Other machines:  TODO
 <a name="experiments"></a>  
 <h3>Experiments with other kernels and guest OSes:</h3>  
   
 <p>  
 Free Operating system kernels and other test programs can be  
 downloaded from various places on the Internet. Other kinds of software  
 (non-Free), if obsolete enough (such as Ultrix or Windows NT), can  
 sometimes be found in garbage containers, or perhaps be found for a cheap  
 price on ebay or at a flea market.  
   
 <p>  
 <font color="#ff0000">  
 NOTE: This is <i>not</i> a list of kernels that work in the emulator.  
 It is a list of kernels that I experiment with.  
 </font>  
   
 <p>  
 For more information about which of these that actually work, read the  
 <a href="intro.html#guestos">section in the Introduction chapter</a>  
 that lists guest operating systems. If a system is not listed there, it  
 probably doesn't work in GXemul.  
   
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   <li>DECstation:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip the files, and run the emulator with <b><tt>-E dec -e 3max -q -N -XY2</tt></b>  
         for a graphical framebuffer console. Remove <b><tt>-XY2</tt></b> and <b><tt>-N</tt></b> to use serial (stdin/stdout) console.  
         Read <a href="guestoses.html#netbsdinstall">this section</a> about how to install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/bsd</a>  
         <br>This is an old OpenBSD kernel in a.out format. Try <b><tt>-E dec -e 3max</tt></b>.  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdinstall">this section</a> about how to install OpenBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image.  
         It's a bit more complicated than installing NetBSD/pmax, but  
         it usually works.  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux for DECstation:  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#declinux">this section</a> about how to run a Debian Linux install kernel.  
         <br>Here are some older kernels (these don't support framebuffer, I think):  
                 <a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~vhouten/mipsel/kernels.html">http://www.xs4all.nl/~vhouten/mipsel/kernels.html</a>  
         <br>Note: Make sure you add <b><tt>-CR4400</tt></b> to the command line for  
                 R4000 kernels, as Linux doesn't autodetect CPU type at runtime.  
         <br>Linux also doesn't detect automatically whether you are booting  
                 in graphical or serial console mode, so you need to add  
                 <tt><b>-o 'console=ttyS3'</b></tt> or similar for serial  
                 console mode.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">Sprite</a>:  
         <br>The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS, <a href="http://www.tuhs.org">www.tuhs.org</a>)  
                 has preserved a copy of a harddisk image for a DECstation  
                 5000/200 (3MAX).  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#sprite">this section</a> for more information  
                 about running this harddisk image in the emulator.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">Mach</a>:  
         <br>Important! Run <b><tt>./configure --caches; make</tt></b>  
         <br>Also important: This is broken right now. :-(  
         <br>Download <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release</a>/<a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">pmax.tar.Z</a>  
         <br><tt><b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b></tt>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -X pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>SGI:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try running with <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip32</tt></b>.  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try running with <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip22</tt></b> (or <b><tt>ip24</tt></b> or <b><tt>ip20</tt></b>).  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux/SGI:  
         <br>Some kernels are available here: <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/~glaurung/">http://www.linux-mips.org/~glaurung/</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip32 -X</tt></b> for a graphical framebuffer, or  
                 <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip32 -o 'console=ttyS0'</tt></b> for serial console.  
         <br>Adding <b><tt>-b</tt></b> (bintrans) might work sometimes.  
         <br>(You need to add <b><tt>-CR5000</tt></b> if you're trying to run  
                 a kernel compiled for R5000, because Linux doesn't autodetect  
                 the CPU type at runtime.)  
         <br>Also: <a href="http://www.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://www.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32">vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32</a>  
         <br>Try <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip32 -X -CR5000 vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32</tt></b>.  
         <br>And also some IP27 kernels:  
                 <a href="http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040428">http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040428</a>  
                 and  
                 <a href="http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040528.bz2">http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040528.bz2</a>  
                 (but unfortunately these lack symbols).  
         <br>Try the IP27 kernels with <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip27 -t</tt></b>.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>  
         <br>More recent snapshots can be found at <a href="ftp://ftp.OpenBSD.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi/">ftp://ftp.OpenBSD.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi/</a>.  
         <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -E sgi -e ip32 bsd.rd</tt></b>  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/platforms/mips.html">FreeBSD/MIPS</a>:  
                 I don't think public binary snapshots are available yet.  
       <p>  
       <li>arcdiag:  
         <br>The NetBSD people have also made available an "arcdiag" for SGI-IP22:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/sgimips/arcdiag.ip22">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/sgimips/arcdiag.ip22</a>  
         <br>Try running <tt><b>gxemul -E sgi -e ip22 -x arcdiag.ip22</b></tt>.  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>ARC:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try with <b><tt>-E arc -e rd94</tt></b>.  
         <br>(You may also try other ARC models.)  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#netbsdarcinstall">this section</a> about how  
                 to install NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 onto a harddisk image.  
         <br>(NetBSD/arc 2.0 doesn't work with disk images yet in GXemul.)  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">OpenBSD/arc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd.rd.elf">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd.rd.elf</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-X -E arc -e pica</tt></b> or <b><tt>-X -E arc -e tyne</tt></b>.  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdarcinstall">this section</a> about how  
                 to install OpenBSD/arc onto a harddisk image.  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/boot/vmlinux-m700-2.1.131.gz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/boot/vmlinux-m700-2.1.131.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and run with <b><tt>-v -J -X -N -E arc -e m700</tt></b> (Olivetti M700)  
         <br>(This probably doesn't work anymore.)  
       <p>  
       <li>Pandora:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo/">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo/milo-0.27.1.tar.gz">milo-0.27.1.tar.gz</a>  
         <br>A generic test/diagnostics program for ARC-based machines.  
         <br>Run with <b><tt>-E arc -e r94 milo-0.27.1/pandora</tt></b>  
       <p>  
       <li>arcdiag:  
         <br>Precompiled binary:<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/arc/arcdiag">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/arc/arcdiag</a>  
         <br>(alternative: <a href="http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag">http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag</a>)  
         <br>A generic test/diagnostics program for ARC-based machines.  
         <br>Run with <b><tt>-E arc -e pica arcdiag</tt></b> (or some other ARC mode).  
         <br>Example arcdiag output (from real machines):  
         <br><a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/18/0001.html">http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/18/0001.html</a> (Olivetti M700-10)  
         <br><a href="http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag.txt">http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag.txt</a> (PICA-61)  
         <br><a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/14/0000.html">http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/14/0000.html</a> (Deskstation Tyne)  
         <br><a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2004/02/01/0001.html">http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2004/02/01/0001.html</a> (NEC RISCserver 4200)  
         <br><a href="http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/NetBSD/misc/chs/arcdiag.out">http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/NetBSD/misc/chs/arcdiag.out</a> (NEC-R96)  
         <br>For some machines, such as <tt><b>-e pica</b></tt>, you can  
                 add <b><tt>-X</tt></b> to boot with a graphical VGA-style  
                 console. This however is probably a bit unstable and/or  
                 broken right now.  
       <p>  
       <li>Windows NT:  
         <br>Put a "Windows NT 4.0 for MIPS" CDROM (or similar) into  
                 your CDROM drive. (On FreeBSD systems, it is usually called  
                 /dev/cd0c or similar. Change that to whatever the CDROM  
                 is called on your system, or the name of a raw .iso image.)  
         <br>I have tried this with the Swedish version, but it might  
                 work with other versions too.<pre>  
         $ <b><tt>dd if=/dev/zero of=winnt_test.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</tt></b>  
         $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -Earc -epica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\ARCINST</tt></b>  
         $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -Earc -epica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\SETUPLDR</tt></b>  
 </pre>  <br><tt>ARCINST</tt> tries to prepare the disk image for installation. (It <i>almost</i> works.)  
         <br><tt>SETUPLDR</tt> should load some drivers from the cdrom, but then it crashes with a bluescreen.  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>HPCmips:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz">netbsd.gz</a>  
         <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -E hpc -e mobilepro770 netbsd</tt></b>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>  
         <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -E hpc -e mobilepro770 netbsd-GENERIC</tt></b>  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux for BE300:  
         <br><a href="http://www.linux4.be/2004/linux4be20040908.zip">http://www.linux4.be/2004/linux4be20040908.zip</a>  
         <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -E hpc -e be300 vmlinux</tt></b>  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux for Agenda VR3:  
         <br>Download <a href="http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary/">http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary</a>/<a href="http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary/root1.2.6.kernel-8.00">root1.2.6.kernel-8.00</a>  
         <br>and <a href="http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O/">http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O</a>/<a href="http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O/root1.2.6.cramfs">root1.2.6.cramfs</a>.  
         <br>(or <a href="http://www.ipsec.info/~www/agenda/dream-1-noxip.cramfs">http://www.ipsec.info/~www/agenda/dream-1-noxip.cramfs</a>)  
         <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -E hpc -e vr3 -x 0xbf200000:root1.2.6.cramfs 0xbf000000:0:0xbf0005e0:root1.2.6.kernel-8.00</tt></b>  
         <br>(or replace root1.2.6.cramfs with dream-1-noxip.cramfs)  
         <br>Remove <b><tt>-X</tt></b> to try with serial console instead of X, and  
                 remove <b><tt>-b</tt></b> to try without (old) bintrans.  
         <br>Add <b><tt>-o 'init=/bin/sh'</tt></b> to boot into a single-user shell.  
         <br>Add <b><tt>-o 'init=/sbin/restore_defaults'</tt></b> to run  
                 a <tt>/sbin/restore_defaults</tt> (attempt to initialize the  
                 flash memory).  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux for MobilePro etc.:  
         <br><a href="http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Kernels/">http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Kernels/</a>  
         <br>Uncompress the archive to get a kernel, vmlinux-800 for example.  
         <br>Try <b><tt>./gxemul -X -o 'root=/dev/hda1' -d r:disk.img -d r:disk.img -Ehpc -e mobilepro800 vmlinux-800</tt></b>  
         <br>where disk.img is an ext2fs filesystem with contents from  
         <a href="http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Miniroots/miniroot-20010330.tar.bz2">http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Miniroots/miniroot-20010330.tar.bz2</a>  
         <br>(Note the double disk arguments.)  
         <br>Note 2: This doesn't work yet.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/">OpenBSD/be300</a>:  
         <br><a href="http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/bsd.rd">http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/bsd.rd</a>  
         <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -E hpc -e be300 bsd.rd</tt></b>  
         <br>Note: bintrans might be buggy, so you can try with -B if you want to.  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Cobalt:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and run with <b><tt>-E cobalt</tt></b>  
         <br>(Or read <a href="guestoses.html#netbsdcobaltinstall">this  
         section</a> on how to install NetBSD/cobalt onto a harddisk image.)  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br><a href="http://people.debian.org/~pm/mips-cobalt/nfsroot/vmlinux_raq-2800.gz">http://people.debian.org/~pm/mips-cobalt/nfsroot/vmlinux_raq-2800.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and run with <b><tt>-E cobalt</tt></b>  
       <p>  
       <li>CoLo:  
         <br><a href="http://www.colonel-panic.org/cobalt-mips/colo/colo-1.19.tar.gz">http://www.colonel-panic.org/cobalt-mips/colo/colo-1.19.tar.gz</a>  
         <br><tt><b>tar zxvf colo-1.19.tar.gz colo-1.19/binaries/colo-rom-image.bin</b></tt>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -Q -Ecobalt -v 0xbfc00000:colo-1.19/binaries/colo-rom-image.bin</b></tt>  
         <br>(This doesn't work yet.)  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Playstation 2:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/playstation2/">NetBSD/playstation2</a>:  
         <br>NetBSD/playstation2 snapshot kernels are available here: (RAMDISK and GENERIC)  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/installation/netbsd.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/installation/netbsd.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-X -E playstation2</tt></b>  (<b><tt>-X</tt></b> is required, for the framebuffer).  
   
       <p>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br>A Linux kernel (2.2.21-pre1-xr7) is available from  
         <a href="http://playstation2-linux.com/projects/xrhino-kernel/">http://playstation2-linux.com/projects/xrhino-kernel/</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-X -E playstation2</tt></b>  (<b><tt>-X</tt></b> is required, for the framebuffer).  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>EVBMIPS:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipseb/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipseb/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipseb/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>  
         <br><b><tt>gxemul -E evbmips -e malta netbsd-MALTA</tt></b>  
         <br>The default CPU is a 5Kc (MIPS64). Add  
                 <tt>-C 4Kc</tt> to use a MIPS32 CPU instead.  
         <br>(NetBSD/evbmips runs in 32-bit mode on MIPS64 anyway...)  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#netbsdevbmipsinstall">this  
         section</a> on how to install NetBSD/evbmips onto a harddisk image.  
         <br>or  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipseb/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipseb/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0.2/evbmips-mipseb/binary/kernel/netbsd-PB1000.gz">netbsd-PB1000.gz</a>  
         <br><b><tt>gxemul -E evbmips -e pb1000 netbsd-PB1000</tt></b>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
 </ul>  
   
 <p>  
 The following don't work at all, or just very very little.  
   
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   <li>Sony NeWS:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/newsmips/">NetBSD/newsmips</a>:  
         <br>A NetBSD/newsmips kernel and corresponding symbols are  
                 available here:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E sonynews</tt></b>.  
         <br>There's also a boot floppy available, but the emulator currently  
                 doesn't support booting from it:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6/newsmips/installation/floppy/boot.fs">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6/newsmips/installation/floppy/boot.fs</a>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li><a href="http://www.meshcube.org/">MeshCube</a>:  
     <ul>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br>A Linux kernel is available from  
         <a href="http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable/">http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable</a>/<a href="http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable/kernel-image-mtx_2.4.24-3_mipsel.ipk">kernel-image-mtx_2.4.24-3_mipsel.ipk</a>  
         <br>(This is a Debian package, you can use <tt><b>ar</b></tt> and  
                 <tt><b>tar</b></tt> to extract kernel.img from it.)  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E meshcube 0x80800000:kernel.img</tt></b>.  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li><a href="http://www.seattlewireless.net/index.cgi/NetgearWG602">NetGear WG602</a>:  
     <ul>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br>A Linux kernel is available from  
         <a href="ftp://downloads.netgear.com/files/wg602_v1715.zip">ftp://downloads.netgear.com/files/wg602_v1715.zip</a>  
         <br>(Unzip wg602_v1715.zip to get WG602_V1715.img.)  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E netgear 0xbfc80000:0x40:WG602_V1715.img</tt></b>.  
         <br>(It takes some time to decompress the kernel, so be patient.)  
         <br>(This doesn't really work yet.)  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Walnut (evbppc):  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbppc/">NetBSD/evbppc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/evbppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL_WALNUT.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/evbppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL_WALNUT.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E walnut -v -t netbsd-INSTALL_WALNUT</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Artesyn's PM/PPC board (pmppc):  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmppc/">NetBSD/pmppc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E pmppc netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Motorola Sandpoint (sandpoint):  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sandpoint/">NetBSD/sandpoint</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sandpoint/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sandpoint/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E sandpoint -v -t netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>PReP:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E prep -v -t netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux:  
         <br><a href="http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/linux_images/2.4.25-PPC/vmlinux">http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/linux_images/2.4.25-PPC/vmlinux</a>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E prep -v -t vmlinux</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>MacPPC:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/">NetBSD/macppc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/macppc/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/macppc/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E macppc -e g4 -t netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/macppc.html">OpenBSD/macppc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc/">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc/bsd.rd">bsd.rd</a>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E macppc -e g4 -t bsd.rd</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>BeBox:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/bebox/">NetBSD/bebox</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/kern.tgz">kern.tgz</a>  
         <br><tt><b>tar xvzf kern.tgz</b></tt>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E bebox netbsd</b></tt>  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.bebox.nu/os.php?s=os/linux/index">Linux/bebox</a>:  
         <br><a href="http://www.bebox.nu/files/linux/BeBox-scsi-980610.gz">http://www.bebox.nu/files/linux/BeBox-scsi-980610.gz</a>  
         <br><tt><b>gunzip BeBox-scsi-980610.gz</b></tt>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E bebox 0x3100:0x400:BeBox-scsi-980610</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>SPARC64:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sparc64/">NetBSD/sparc64</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E ultra1 -v -i netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html">OpenBSD/sparc64</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/sparc64/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/sparc64/bsd.rd</a>  
         <br>rename to bsd.rd.gz, gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E ultra1 -v -i bsd.rd</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
 </ul>  
   
 <p>  
 The URISC emulation mode is just for fun. (Read  
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URISC">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URISC</a>  
 for more info.)  
   
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   
   <li>URISC:  
     <ul>  
       <li>I've placed a small test program in the experiments directory.  
         <br>Start like this: <tt><b>gxemul -E testurisc 0:urisc_test.bin</b></tt>  
         <br>or, if you want to single-step:  
                 <b><tt>gxemul -V -E testurisc 0:urisc_test.bin</b></tt>  
         <br>2005-03-01: All outputed characters are printed twice. I'll  
         try to make a pseudo-device for outputing to "normal" devices  
         later.  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
 </ul>  
   
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